Xa sifumana umkhuhlane, iintlungu, kunye nokukhwehlela, sidla ngokucinga, "Owu... lo ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo." Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokuba nzima ngakumbi. Inzima kakhulu emzimbeni, kwaye xa umzimba uneentlungu, umkhuhlane, kunye nokukhwehlela okukhulu, awukwazi nokuvuka ebhedini kangangeentsuku. Ngamaxesha anje, unokucinga, "Ngaba lo asingomkhuhlane nje, mhlawumbi ngumkhuhlane?" Ngaba ikho indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba lo ngumkhuhlane okanye akunjalo? Ewe, ukho. Yiyo loo nto senza 'uvavanyo lomkhuhlane'. Masithethe ngale nto namhlanje.
Okokuqala, yintoni i-influenza?
Ngamafutshane, umkhuhlane lusulelo lokuphefumla olubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-influenza. Lubi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Le ntsholongwane ikwadluliselwa lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ingadluliselwa ngamathontsi emoyeni xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla, okanye ngokuchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane aze achukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo akhe.
Nangona idla ngokuxhaphaka kakhulu kwiinyanga ezibandayo, inokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ukufumana igonyo lomkhuhlane minyaka le kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo sinzima.
Ngaba ke ngoko wonke umntu kufuneka athathe olu vavanyo lomkhuhlane?
Hayi, oko akunyanzelekanga. Nokuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane, ukuba ungumntu oselula osempilweni, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukukunika unyango olusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa zokuphumla.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abakumaqela athile asemngciphekweni banokuba neengxaki xa befumana umkhuhlane. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-pneumonia zinokuvela. Kubantu abanjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngumkhuhlane kwaye baqale unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba uwela kwenye yezi ndidi, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lomkhuhlane:
- Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka: njengabaguli abanomhlaza, abaguli abane-HIV, okanye abo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba.
- Ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo esifana nesifo seswekile: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, kunye ne-asthma banokusuleleka ngumkhuhlane kakhulu.
- Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo: Iingxaki zomkhuhlane zinokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala okanye umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
- Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo.
Ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane kwaye ungomnye wala maqela anobungozi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ziziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lomkhuhlane ezikhoyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo lomkhuhlane. Zombini zibandakanya ukuvavanya isampuli yencindi ephuma empumlweni yakho (isampuli yokuphefumla).
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukufunyanwa kwe-Antigen ngokukhawuleza | Oku kukhawuleza kakhulu. Kufana novavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo lwe-Covid. Lukhangela iiproteni (ii-antigens) ezivela kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane kwisampulu ethathwe empumlweni yakho. Ungafumana iziphumo kwimizuzu engama-30. Kodwa aluchanekanga kangako. |
| Uvavanyo lweeMolekyuli | Le yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo . Ijonga ubukho bezinto zemfuza zentsholongwane kwisampulu. Uvavanyo lwe-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) esilwaziyo sonke lolunye lolu hlobo. Ezinye iimvavanyo zemolekyuli zinika iziphumo ngokukhawuleza (kwimizuzu engama-30), ngelixa ezinye zifuna ukuthunyelwa kwilebhu kwaye kuthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukufumana iziphumo. |
Uvavanyo lwenziwa njani? Ingaba lubuhlungu?
Akukho nto umele uyixhalabele. Le yinkqubo elula kakhulu ethatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukuze ulungiselele.
Uvavanyo oluza kwenziwa ngugqirha kungekudala
Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha uza kusebenzisa enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- I-nasal swab: Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kufaka i-cotton swab ende empumlweni yakho aze aqokelele ulwelo oluvela eludongeni lwempumlo yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-nasal swab ifakwa nzulu empumlweni yakho (nasopharyngeal swab). Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo okanye ukuyithumela kwilebhu.
- Ukuhlamba Impumlo/Ukufutha: Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci. Apha, kufakwa amanzi amancinci anetyuwa empumlweni kwaye ukukhupha okuphumayo kuyafuthwa.Emva koko ikhutshwa ngesixhobo sokufunxa. Emva koko isampuli ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri.
Uziva njani ngeli xesha?
Xa ufaka i-cotton swab empumlweni yakho, usenokuziva urhawuzelelwa okanye uziva udiniwe . Usenokukhwehlela. Kodwa oku kuphazamiseka kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kwaye kuza kuphela kungekudala.
Uvavanyo lomkhuhlane ekhaya
Ngoku kukho izixhobo zovavanyo lomkhuhlane wasekhaya ezifumaneka kwiikhemesti. Kwezi, kufuneka uthathe isampuli empumlweni yakho. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda imiyalelo ekwiphakheji ngononophelo kwaye uyilandele ngokuchanekileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo ezinokwenziwa ekhaya:
1. I-Antigen ekhawulezayo: Iziphumo ziboniswa kwimizuzu engama-30.
2. Uvavanyo lweLebhu: Uthatha isampulu, uyifake kwiphakheji efike nekhithi, uze uyithumele kwilebhu. Kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba iziphumo zibuye.
Ungaziqonda njani iziphumo zovavanyo?
Kukho iziphumo ezintathu eziphambili ezinokuvela kuvavanyo.
| Isiphumo | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Elungileyo | Oku kuthetha ukuba unentsholongwane yomkhuhlane emzimbeni wakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba unentsholongwane yomkhuhlane. |
| Okungalunganga | Oku kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo aluzange luyifumane intsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, aluchanekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho aluchanekanga kangako, olufana ne-antigen ekhawulezayo, ungafumana iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo . Ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane ezinzima, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni unomkhuhlane aze akunyange nokuba iziphumo azichanekanga. |
| Ayisebenzi | Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho into engahambanga kakuhle ngovavanyo. Mhlawumbi isampulu ayithathwanga kakuhle, okanye bekukho ingxaki ngekhithi yovavanyo ngokwayo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kuya kufuneka uphinde ulwenze uvavanyo. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezileyo olunegative aluthethi ukuba une-flu i-100% yexesha. Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo luvavanyo lwe-PCR. Soloko uqaphela iimpawu zakho.
Kufuneka uthethe nini nogqirha?
Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho okanye iimpawu zakho, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Kulungile ngakumbi ukubuza ngezinto ezifana nezi:
- Ungandichazela iziphumo zovavanyo lwam?
- Ucinga ukuba esi siphumo sichanekile?
- Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze olunye uvavanyo?
- Loluphi unyango olundicebisayo?
Khumbula, iimpawu zomkhuhlane zinokuba nzima ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi kwabo bakwiqela elisengozini enkulu. Ngoko ke musa ukurhanela. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane lusulelo lokuphefumla olubangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Ayizizo zonke iimfiva eziba ngumkhuhlane.
- Abantu abaphilileyo abadli ngokufuna uvavanyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukufumana uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa isifo kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, izifo ezingapheliyo, abafazi abakhulelweyo, abantu abadala, okanye abantwana abancinci.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo: iRapid Antigen, enika iziphumo ezikhawulezayo kodwa engachanekanga kangako, kunye novavanyo lweMolecular olufana nePCR, oluchaneke ngakumbi.
- Nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zithi awunayo intsholongwane, ukuba uneempawu eziqatha, ugqirha wakho usenokucinga ukuba unomkhuhlane aze aqalise unyango.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho okanye imeko yakho yempilo, nceda udibane nogqirha wakho ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
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