Yintoni i-G6PD Deficiency? Masifunde ngaphandle koloyiko!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-G6PD Deficiency? Mhlawumbi eli gama lingaqhelekanga. Kodwa eneneni yimeko yemfuza abantu abaninzi emhlabeni abanayo, kodwa uninzi lwexesha ayibangeli ngxaki zinkulu. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni le ngxaki ye-G6PD, kutheni isenzeka, kunye noko kufuneka sikwazi. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika, masichaze yonke into ngokulula.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-G6PD Deficiency?

Ngamafutshane, ukungabikho kwe-G6PD yimeko yemfuza apho umzimba wakho unezinga eliphantsi kakhulu le-G6PD. Kulungile, ngoku ubuza ukuba yintoni i-G6PD. I-G6PD (iGlucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) yi-enzyme ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi ophambili wale enzyme kukukhusela iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi kwimiphumo eyahlukeneyo.

Olu kusilela lwenzeka xa umntu ezalwa enotshintsho, okanye utshintsho oluthile, kwijini eyenza i-enzyme ye-G6PD. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi azivelisi ngokwaneleyo i-enzyme ye-G6PD.

Kodwa nantsi into. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo se-G6PD abanazo iimpawu . Baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, iingxaki zinokubangelwa "zizinto ezibangela" ezifana namayeza athile, usulelo, okanye ukutya okuthile (siza kuthetha ngezi kamva). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -hemolytic anemia inokukhula. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyaqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zitshatyalaliswe. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa zinokuba ne -jaundice enzima ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-G6PD.

Ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD yimeko eqhelekileyo kunokuba unokucinga. Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-400 ukuya kuma-500 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela banale meko. Ngoko ke ukuba unayo, ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ugcine iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zikwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zokungabikho kwe-G6PD?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwabantu abanengxaki ye-G6PD abadli ngokuba nazimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zibonakala kuphela xa into ebangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zixinezeleke ize ibangele ukuba ziqhekeke (i-hemolysis). Xa oko kusenzeka, izinto ezinje zinokwenzeka:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza ( i-tachycardia )
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ( i-Dyspnea )
• Ukutyheli kolusu okanye amhlophe emehlweni (ezi ziimpawu ze-jaundice )
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo (imilebe nolwimi lusenokuba luphaphathekile)
• Umchamo otyheli omnyama, o-orenji, okanye onombala weti
• I-spleen ekhulisiweyo

Ukuba ezi mpawu zenzeka ngequbuliso nangokuqatha, kuthiwa yi -hemolytic crisis . Ukuba uhlangabezana nale meko , kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu zokungabikho kwe-G6PD kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa

Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa azinawo amathuba amaninzi okuba neempawu ezicacileyo zokungabikho kwe-G6PD. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo yi -jaundice . Oku kudla ngokubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, i-jaundice enzima inokubangela umonakalo engqondweni yomntwana. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -kernicterus . Yingakho oogqirha bevavanya iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuba abanayo i-G6PD deficiency ukuba bayayikrokrela.

Yintoni ebangela ukungabikho kwe-G6PD?

Ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD kubangelwa kukwahluka (utshintsho) kwijini yakho ye-G6PD. Olu tshintsho luthintela umzimba wakho ekubeni wenze i-enzyme ye-G6PD ngokufanelekileyo. Ufumana olu tshintsho lwejini kubazali bakho, nge -chromosome ye-X .

Ukuba nolu tshintsho lwemfuza kuthetha ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zinamanqanaba aphantsi e-G6PD. I-enzyme ye-G6PD ibaluleke kakhulu kuba ithintela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuba zingaqokeleli "ii-free radicals " ezininzi kakhulu. Ii-free radicals zihlala zizinto ezingenabungozi. Zinokufumaneka kwindawo engqongileyo, kwezinye ukutya (iimbotyi ze-fava, umzekelo), nakumayeza.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunayo i-G6PD eyaneleyo, ezinye izinto ezibangela oku (umz. ukutya iimbotyi ze-fava) zinokubangela ukuba uninzi lwezi free radicals luqokeleleke ngaphakathi kweeseli zakho. Oku kubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -oxidative stress , ebeka uxinzelelo kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ekugqibeleni, ezi seli ziyaqhekeka kwaye zitshatyalaliswe. Oku kunciphisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, okubangela i-hemolytic anemia .

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela i-anemia ye-hemolysis ezinxulumene nale meko?

Ngokutsho kwabanye abaphandi, ukutya iimbotyi ze-fava yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo . Ukuba umntu onesifo se-G6PD unesifo se-anemia emva kokutya iimbotyi ze-fava, oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-favism . Ezinye izinto ezixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana neHepatitis A kunye neHepatitis B , iTyphoid Fever , kunye nePneumonia .
• Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa imalariya: Umzekelo , iPrimaquine .
• Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane : anjenge -nitrofurantoin , i-dapsone, kunye namayeza e-sulfa .
• Ii-NSAID (izithomalalisi-ntlungu): Njenge -aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen .
• Ukutshaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Uxinzelelo oluqatha lwengqondo.
• Ukuzilolonga umzimba ngokunzulu.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana ukungabikho kwe-G6PD:

• Isini:Amadoda anokuba nobunzima be-G6PD. Oku kungenxa yokuba amadoda ane-chromosome enye ye-X ethwala olu tshintsho lwemfuza. (Ekubeni abafazi benama-chromosome amabini e-X, kukho amaxesha apho ingxaki kwenye inokuhlawulwa yenye.)
• Indawo ekuyo: Le meko ixhaphakile kubantu abahlala kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, kummandla weMeditera, nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.
• Uhlanga: Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-10% yamadoda anemvelaphi yaseAfrika eMelika anesifo se-G6PD.

Ifunyanwa njani ingxaki yokungabikho kwe-G6PD?

Oogqirha badla ngokubuza ngembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango baze benze uvavanyo lomzimba. Basenokubuza nokuba usandul’ ukutshintsha amayeza okanye ukuba ufumene naluphi na usulelo. Baza kujonga nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo se-G6PD.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa ukungabikho kwe-G6PD zezi:

• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Lujonga ubalo lweeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
• I-Peripheral Blood Smear: Ijonga iimpawu ze-anemia kwi-blood smear, oko kukuthi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ezinobukhulu obungaqhelekanga.
• Uvavanyo lweBilirubin: Jonga inqanaba le-bilirubin, inkunkuma eyenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziqhekekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-G6PD: Jonga amanqanaba e-enzyme yakho ye-G6PD.

Inyangwa njani ingxaki yokunqongophala kwe-G6PD?

Oogqirha banyanga le meko ngokusekelwe kwimeko. Umzekelo, ukuba une-jaundice encinci kwaye uyazi ukuba unesifo se-G6PD, baza kuqala banyange iimpawu ze-jaundice. Emva koko, baza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibangela ukuba ungazifumani.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zinzima, unyango luyahluka. Ukuba une-hemolytic anemia enzima, unokufuna utofelo-gazi .

Ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa une-jaundice, ugqirha wakho angamnyanga nge -phototherapy (unyango olusebenzisa ukukhanya kwendalo okanye okwenziweyo). Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, umntwana wakho unokufuna ukutshintshwa kwegazi . Oku kuquka ukususa igazi lomntwana elingaphilanga kakuhle uze ulitshintshe ngegazi eliphilileyo nelinikelweyo.

Ngaba ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD kungathintelwa?

Ekubeni esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo, akunakwenzeka ukusithintela ukuba singenzeki. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokusichonga ngaphambi kokuba sibangele iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuhlola iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa: Kumazwe amaninzi apho le meko ixhaphakileyo khona, kukho iinkqubo zokuhlola ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukungabikho kwe-G6PD kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesiphene se-G6PD, unokufuna uvavanyo lwe-DNA.Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba wenze njalo.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinayo le meko?

Akukho nyango luhlala luhleli lokungabikho kwe-G6PD. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ngaphandle kweengxaki ukuba bayaziphepha izinto ezibangela oku. Kwaye oko akuchaphazeli ubomi babo.

Nangona kunjalo, le meko ayibachaphazeli bonke abantu ngokufanayo. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo se-G6PD basenokungazi nokuba banaso kuba abanazo iimpawu. Uninzi lwabantu abanazo iimpawu zincinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye, xa bevezwa sisisu, banokuba nengxaki ye-hemolytic, enokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela ngcono into onokuyilindela ngokusekelwe kwisifo sakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi ukutya kunye namayeza ekufuneka uwaphephe. ​​Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala obuninzi kunokubangela uxinzelelo kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kunokubangela ukuba ii-free radicals ziqokeleleke kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ukuzilolonga ngokulinganisela: Ukuzilolonga kakhulu kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.
• Zama ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo: Ukulala kuqinisa amajoni akho omzimba, nto leyo enceda ekulweni nosulelo olunokubangela i-anemia xa utofelwa igazi.
• Lawula uxinzelelo: Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile kakhulu, cela ugqirha wakho akuncede ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwakho.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba usana lwakho olusandul’ ukuzalwa lune-G6PD deficiency, kufuneka uphephe ukutya iimbotyi ze-fava ngelixa uncancisa . Iikhompawundi ezinokubangela i-anemia eyingozi zinokudluliselwa kumntwana ngobisi lwebele.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Bona ugqirha wakho nangaliphi na ixesha ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zokungabikho kwe-G6PD. Ukuba iimpawu zinzima kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza (iimpawu zengxaki yokopha), funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza .

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ukuba unesiphene se-G6PD:

• Ingxaki yam inzulu kangakanani?
• Zeziphi ukutya kunye namayeza endifanele ndiwaphephe?
• Ngaba kukho izinto ezibangela imeko-bume endifanele ndiziphephe?
• Ngawaphi amathuba okuba umntwana wam afumane i-G6PD deficiency?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuchongwa kwe-G6PD deficiency kunokuchaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Nangona ingenakunyangeka, idla ngokuba yimeko elawulekayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuchonga nokuphepha izinto ezibangela ukuba kubekho i-anemia eyingozi.Oko kunokuthetha ukuphepha iimbotyi ze-fava kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela oku. Kubalulekile nokuziqhelanisa nemikhwa esempilweni, njengokulala ngokwaneleyo nokungatshayi. Cela ugqirha wakho ulwazi olunokukunceda ulawule indlela ukungabikho kwe-G6PD okuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho. Musa ukoyika, ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela!

Ukunqongophala kwe - G6PD, i-hemolytic anemia, i-jaundice, izifo zemfuza, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iimbotyi ze-fava, ii-enzymes