Masifunde ngeGABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), imfihlo yobuchopho ethomalalisa ingqondo yakho.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uxinezelekile, uxhalabile, okanye uloyiko nje? Okanye unengxaki yokungalali ebusuku? Emva kwezi zinto kusenokuba kukho isithunywa sekhemikhali esincinci engqondweni yethu. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. YiGABA. Isebenza njengeqhosha 'elipholileyo' engqondweni yethu.

Yintoni iGABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?

Ngamafutshane, iGABA yikhemikhali ethumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons) engqondweni yethu. Ifana neposi ekrelekrele emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa into ekhethekileyo ngayo kukuba ikakhulu "iyazolisa" umsebenzi wengqondo ongeyomfuneko. Oko kukuthi, iyayithintela iiseli zemithambo-luvo zengqondo ekubeni zikhuthazwe kwaye ziphazamiseke kakhulu. Izazinzulu zibiza olu hlobo lweekhemikhali njengee-neurotransmitters. Cinga ngeGABA njenge "brake" elawula isantya senkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, equka ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo. Yiyo esinceda singavuyi kakhulu okanye soyike.

Isebenza njani iGABA? Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu?

Ngoku jonga indlela esebenza ngayo le GABA ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu. Yindlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Sinezigidi ngezigidi zeeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni yethu. Kufuneka sithumele umyalezo ukusuka kwenye iseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwenye. Kukho umsantsa omncinci phakathi kwezi seli zimbini zemithambo-luvo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Synapse)` okanye i-nerve junction.

I-`(Neurotransmitter)` efana neGABA yenza oku ngokuthatha umyalezo udlule kule ndawo yokudibana kwaye inamathele kwi-`(Receptors)` ethile kwiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo. Kufana nesitshixo esifakwa kwisitshixo. Njengokuba kungengazo zonke izitshixo ezinokuvula yonke isitshixo, ayizizo zonke ii-`(Neurotransmitter)` ezinokunamathela kwi-`(Receptor)` nganye. I-GABA ikwanazo nee-`(Receptors)` ezimbini ezithile eziyiqondayo – `(GABA-A)` kunye ne-`(GABA-B)`.

Ngoko ke, xa iGABA isiya ize ibopheleleke kwezi receptors, inciphisa amandla eseli elandelayo yemithambo-luvo ukuba iphendule. Oko kukuthi, inciphisa amathuba okuba loo seli yenze umyalezo ongeyomfuneko okanye iwuthumele komnye umntu. Yiyo loo nto iGABA ibizwa ngokuba yi- "inhibitory" okanye i-tonsillitis.

Zeziphi izibonelelo zempilo ezibonelelwa yiGABA?

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izibonelelo zempilo esizifumana kwi-GABA, ethomalalisa ingqondo ngale ndlela? Zininzi ngokwenene. Khawuthelekelele, "uxinezelekile kakhulu", oko kukuthi, xa uphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, ingqondo yakho ayikho ndaweni inye, uxhalabile kakhulu, kwaye isifuba sakho sivakala ngathi siyabetha. Ngexesha elinjalo, ukuba inqanaba le-GABA emzimbeni wakho lilungile, liya kuthoba ingqondo yakho kwaye likuncede ukunciphisa olu xinzelelo .

I-GABA ikwanayo nokukwazi ukulawula ixhala . Inceda ekunciphiseni uloyiko olungeyomfuneko kunye nokuxhalaba ngayo yonke into.

Enye into kukuba, abanye abantu abakwazi ukulala ebusuku. Bajika nje xa besiya kulala, kodwa ababonakali belala konke konke. Uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba iGABA ikwanceda ekulaleni kakuhle, okuphumzayo .

I-GABA kunye ne-Glutamate: Utshintsho lwe-'On-On' lobuchopho

Kunye neGABA, kukho enye into ebaluleke kakhulu engqondweni yethu ethi `(Neurotransmitter)`. Yiyo le ethi `(Glutamate)`. Ezi zimbini zisebenza njengamacala amabini eengqekembe zemali, okanye njengeeswitshi ezimbini 'zokuvula' kunye 'nezokucima'. Oko kukuthi, kwicala elichaseneyo.

• IGABA: 'Icima' umsebenzi wobuchopho ize ibuthomalalise (ithintela ingqondo).
• I-Glutamate: 'Ivula' kwaye ivuselela umsebenzi wobuchopho (isikhuthazi).

Ngoko ke, ukuze ingqondo yethu isebenze kakuhle nangendlela efanelekileyo, kufuneka kubekho ulungelelwano olubuthathaka phakathi kwamandla okuzola e-GABA kunye namandla okuvuselela e-`(Glutamate) . Njenge-accelerator kunye ne-brake yemoto. Kuphela xa zombini zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo apho sinokuhamba kakuhle nangokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba olu lungelelwano lulahlekile, kuvela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, le arhente yokuzola ebizwa ngokuba yi-GABA nayo iveliswa yi-stimulant `(Glutamate). I-`(enzyme)` ekhethekileyo ibandakanyeka kuyo, oko kukuthi, i-enzyme (`glutamic acid decarboxylase`).

I-GABA ikwasebenzisana nenye i-neurotransmitter, i-serotonin. Enyanisweni, ii-neurotransmitter ezininzi zisebenza kunye, ngamanye amaxesha zichasene, ukugcina imizimba yethu kunye nengqondo zisebenza kakuhle.

Izifo ezinokubangelwa ngamanqanaba aphantsi e-GABA

Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba olu tshintsho lwemiyalezo yeGABA belungasebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amanqanaba eGABA engqondweni aphantsi? Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ze-neurological kunye nempilo yengqondo. Uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuncipha komsebenzi weGABA kunokubangela iimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukuxhalaba kunye nokuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo: Ukuziva usoyika rhoqo, ukhathazekile, ulahlekelwa lulonwabo, kwaye ungakwazi ukugxila.
I-Schizophrenia : Isifo sengqondo esintsonkothileyo esibonakaliswa kukulahlekelwa kunxibelelwano nenyaniso nokubona, ukuva, nokucinga izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani.
• Ingxaki ye-Autism spectrum: Ingxaki yophuhliso ebonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka kokunxibelelana nabantu kunye nonxibelelwano.
• Uxinzelelo: Ukuziva ulusizi ixesha elide, ukungabi namdla kuyo nayiphi na into, kunye nokuziva ukruqukile bubomi.
• Ukuxhuzula nokuxhuzula: Iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula nokuxhuzula okwenzeka emzimbeni ngenxa yokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo okungalawulekiyo kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni.

Ukongeza kwezi meko ziphambili, kukho ezinye izifo ezininzi ezicingelwa ukuba zidibene nokungalingani kwe-GABA:

• Ukunqongophala kwe-pyridoxine:Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Sibangelwa kukunqongophala kwevithamini B6 (pyridoxine), ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kweGABA. Oku kudla ngokubangela ukuxhuzula rhoqo ebantwaneni abancinci. Oku kuxhuzula kunzima ukukulawula ngamayeza aqhelekileyo okulwa nokuxhuzula, kodwa kunokunyangeka ngezongezo zeevithamini.
• I-Hepatic encephalopathy: Isifo sesibindi esibi esichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo.
• Isifo sikaHuntington: Isifo esizuzwe njengelifa esitshabalalisa iiseli zobuchopho kancinci kancinci.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha: Iimeko ezibonakaliswa kukuqina kwemisipha okungaqhelekanga kunye nokushukuma.
• I-Hypersomnia: Ukuziva ulele kakhulu okanye ulele kakhulu emini.

Ngaba ukonyusa amanqanaba eGABA kunika iingenelo zempilo?

Abaphandi basafunda ngemiphumo yokonyuka kwamanqanaba e-GABA. Nangona ubungqina bungekacaci ngokupheleleyo, kusaphandwa ukuba i-GABA inokunceda na ekunyangeni okanye ekuthinteleni ezinye iimeko zempilo. Umzekelo:

• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ukungalali
• Isifo seswekile

Kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo ngezi zinto.

Iintlobo zamachiza ajolise kwi-GABA

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kweGABA, abavelisi bamachiza baye bavelisa amayeza amaninzi ajolise kwi-GABA `receptors'. La mayeza asebenza ngokunceda okanye ngokuphucula iziphumo zendalo zokuzola zeGABA. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezi:

• IiBenzodiazepines: Olu hlobo lwamayeza luquka idiazepam (ekwaziwa ngokuba yiValium) kunye nealprazolam (ekwaziwa ngokuba yiXanax) kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ixhala, ukungalali, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokuyekiswa kutywala. Zikwasetyenziswa njenge-anesthesia ngexesha lotyando.
• IiBarbiturates: Ezi zikwaluhlobo lweyeza lokuthomalalisa elibangela ukozela. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngoku akuxhaphakanga.
• I-Vigabatrin (Sabril®): Iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha ebantwaneni abancinci.
• I-Flumazenil (Romazicon®): Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-benzodiazepine overdose. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuphucula imeko yengqondo kwi-hepatic encephalopathy, imeko ebangelwa sisifo sesibindi.
• I-Valproic acid: Eli liyeza elizinzisa imood elilawula ukuxhuzula.
• I-Zolpidem (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Ambien® okanye i-Edluar®): Eli liyeza eliphambili lokungalali.
• I-Propofol (ekwaziwa ngokuba yiDiprivan®): Iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa nokubulala isigulane ngexesha lokubulala i-anesthesia ngokubanzi.
• I-Baclofen (`Baclofen (Lioresal®, Gablofen®)`): Isithomalalisi sezihlunu.

Khumbula: La mayeza kunye namanye afana nawo kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha. Ukuwasebenzisa wedwa, okanye kuba nje umntu osecaleni kwakho ekuxelele ukuba wenze njalo, kunokubangela ingozi enkulu. Ngoko ke lumka.

Ngaba izongezo zeGABA ziluncedo?

Ngoku abanye banokubuza, 'Kutheni ke ngoko singenakuyithenga iGABA njengesongezelelo?' Ewe, iGABA iyafumaneka njengesongezelelo sokutya. Kodwa kukho ingxaki encinci apha. Akukacaci ukuba ingakanani na iGABA esiyithatha ngomlomo engena engqondweni yethu.

Kuba, ingqondo yethu ijikelezwe yi-membrane ekhethekileyo yokukhusela ebizwa ngokuba yi-"blood-brain barrier". Oku kufana nesango, elingavumeli zonke iikhemikhali ukuba zingene ngokulula engqondweni, livumela kuphela ezikhethiweyo. Ngoko ke, akukabikho bungqina buqinileyo besayensi obubonisa ukuba ezi zongezo ze-GABA zinempembelelo engqondweni okanye azinampembelelo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kwenziwe uphando oluthe kratya ngale nto kusetyenziswa iqela elikhulu labantu. Ngenxa yemeko yangoku, akubobulumko ukusebenzisa izongezo ze-GABA ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha.

Ngaba kukho ukutya okuqulethe iGABA?

I-GABA ikwakho ngokwendalo kwezinye izidlo. Umzekelo:

• Ukutya okubilisiweyo: izinto ezifana ne-kimchi (i-pickle yaseKorea), i-miso (i-soy paste yaseJapan), kunye ne-tempeh (imveliso yesoya yase-Indonesia).
• Iintlobo zeti: Iti eluhlaza, iti emnyama, kunye neti ye-oolong nazo ziqulathe i-GABA.
• Ezinye ukutya: Ukutya okufana nerayisi emdaka, iisoya, ii-peas, ii-chestnuts (uhlobo lwe-peanut), amakhowa, iitumato, ispinatshi, i-broccoli, ikhaphetshu, ikholifulawa, iiBrussels sprouts (uhlobo lwekhaphetshu encinci), iinkozo ezihlumayo (umzekelo, iimbotyi eziluhlaza xa zihluma), kunye neebhatata ezimnandi nazo ziqulathe i-GABA okanye zinceda umzimba uvelise i-GABA.

Kodwa njengoko kutshiwo malunga nezongezo, akukabikho ngcaciso icacileyo yokuba ingakanani iGABA evela kwezi zinto zokutya efikelela engqondweni. Kulungile ukuzifaka njengenxalenye yokutya okunempilo, kodwa akucebisi ukuthembela kuphela kwezi zinto zokutya njengonyango oluthile lwesimo esithile. Kwakhona, funa ingcebiso kagqirha malunga noku.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba iGABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) esithethe ngayo namhlanje yi-neurotransmitter ezolisa ingqondo yethu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu yengqondo, ebuthongweni, nasekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu ngokubanzi.

Inceda ukulawula ixhala, uxinzelelo, kunye nokungalali. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-GABA anokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ze-neurological kunye ne-psychiatric. Amanye amayeza asebenza ngokujolisa kwinkqubo ye-GABA.

Kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo lwesayensi malunga neenzuzo zezongezo zeGABA kunye nokutya okuneGABA. Ke ngoko, ukuba uneenkxalabo, amathandabuzo, okanye imibuzo malunga neGABA, eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho, uxoxe ngemeko yakho, kwaye ufumane icebiso elifanelekileyo.Musa ukuya emsebenzini ngenxa yokuqagela okanye ubuxoki. Impilo yakho ibalulekile kuwe.

I- GABA, i-gamma-aminobutyric acid, i-neurotransmitter, ingqondo, impilo yengqondo, ixhala, ukulala