"Mama... Tata..." La magama mabini adla ngokuba ngamazwi okuqala athethwa ngumntwana. Akukho mini imnandi kumama okanye kutata ngaphezu komhla abava ngawo la mazwi. Kodwa ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci uthetha kade kunabanye abantwana abalingana naye? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uthwele umthwalo omkhulu kwaye uxhalabile xa oko kusenzeka. Mhlawumbi uyamkhumbula umntwana wakho omdala ethetha izivakalisi zamagama amabini okanye amathathu kule minyaka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, olu xhala lunokuguquka lube luloyiko. Kodwa enyanisweni, uninzi lwexesha, akukho sizathu sokukhathazeka ngokungeyomfuneko ngale nto. Umntwana ngamnye ufunda ulwimi ngesantya sakhe.
Zeziphi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho?
Ngokomyinge, malunga ne-15 ukuya kwi-25 kubantwana abali-100 bafumana ubunzima bokunxibelelana. Abafana bathatha ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo zokuthetha kunamantombazana. Kodwa ngokubanzi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekuphuhlisweni kokuthetha komntwana.
Makhe sijonge indlela izakhono zolwimi ezikhula ngayo njengoko umntwana ekhula. Nangona la manqanaba ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayingabo bonke abantwana abafanayo.
| Ubudala | Yintoni onokuyilindela |
|---|---|
| Xa kudlule unyaka omnye (1) | Uqala ukuthi igama elinye ("mama", "tata"). Uyaqonda aze alandele izicelo ezilula ("ndinike ibhola"). |
| Ekupheleni kweminyaka emibini (2) | Uthetha ngezivakalisi ezilula zamagama amabini okanye amathathu. Ulandela imiyalelo elula. Uzama ukuphinda amagama aviweyo. |
| Ekupheleni kweminyaka emithathu (3) | Uyaqonda kwaye ulandela imiyalelo enamanyathelo amabini okanye amathathu. Udla ngokuthetha ngendlela enokuqondwa ngumntu ongaphandle kosapho. Uqonda izinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nemifanekiso. |
| Ekupheleni kweminyaka emine (4) | Baqala ukubuza imibuzo efana nokuthi "kutheni?" Bayaqonda iingcamango "ezifanayo" kunye "nezahlukileyo." Bafunde uninzi lwemithetho yolwimi. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba bakhathazeke ngokubiza oonobumba abathile ngendlela engafanelekanga. |
| Ekupheleni kweminyaka emihlanu (5) | Uyakwazi ukubalisa ibali kwakhona ngamazwi akhe. Usebenzisa amagama angaphezu kwamahlanu kwisivakalisi. |
Umahluko phakathi kokuqonda nokuthetha
Abanye abantwana basenokuba bathetha kade (Expressive Language), kodwa banokuba nolwimi oluhle lokwamkela. Khawuthelekelele, xa usithi 'zisa ithoyizi', umntwana uyahamba aye kuyithatha, nangona engakwazi ukuthetha. Oko kuthetha ukuba uyakwazi ukuqonda izinto. Ukuba umntwana uthethe kade kodwa uyakwazi ukuqonda into oyithethayo, olo luphawu oluhle kakhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba mancinci amathuba okuba kubekho ingxaki enkulu yophuhliso.
Zithini izizathu zokuthetha emva kwexesha?
Inani labantwana abafika emva kwexesha ekuthetheni liye landa kutshanje. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zoku kusenokuba zizifo ezingapheliyo zendlebe. Usulelo lwendlebe lunokubangela ukulahlekelwa kukuva. Xa ukuva kuphazamisekile, kuba nzima nokufunda ukuthetha. Ekubeni abantwana abaninzi namhlanje besiya kwiindawo ezifana 'ne-day-care', kukho ithuba elikhulu lokufumana izifo kwabanye abantwana kunye nokufumana izifo zendlebe.
Ubudala babantwana abasaqalayo ukuya esikolweni lixesha elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi nokuthetha komntwana. Iingxaki zempilo eziphakamayo ngeli xesha zinokuchaphazela olo phuhliso.
Ukongeza, abanye abantwana banokuba nesifo semfuza esibangela ukuba baphuhlise intetho ngokukhawuleza, kwaye neemeko ezingqongileyo nazo zidlala indima.
Kunini apho sifanele sicinge ngakumbi ngale nto? - Izinto ezinobungozi
Nangona ukukhula komntwana ngamnye kwahlukile, kukho izinto ezithile esifanele siziqaphele. Ezi zezona zinto sizibona njengezinto ezibangela umngcipheko:
- Ukwenza izandi kunyaka wokuqala: Iintsana ezininzi ziqala ukwenza izandi ezifana no-'bu boo' kunye no-'ga ga' kunyaka wokuqala. Ukuba ukwenza ezi zandi kuncinci, yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.
- Ukungalingisi: Ukuba umntwana akalingisi xa umama notata besithi "mama" kwaye "tata," oko kungaba luphawu oluyingozi .
- Indlela yokubiza ezinye iileta:Ukuba umntwana omncinci akababizi ngokucacileyo oonobumba abafana no-'ல', 'ர', kunye no-'ஸ', ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngaloo nto. Abanye abantwana basenokungakwazi ukubiza la magama kakuhle de babe neminyaka esi-7 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba loo magama akwigama lomntwana (umz., "Ravindu", "Lasanda") kwaye umntwana akanamdla ebantwini kwaye akafuni ukubiza igama lakhe, kufuneka ucinge ngayo.
Wenza ntoni ukuba udinga uncedo?
Ukuba ukhathazekile kukuba umntwana wakho ufika kade ekuthetheni, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho (ugqirha wabantwana). Angakuhlola umntwana wakho aze akuthumele kwingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ingcali yezentetho iza kuvavanya izakhono zomntwana wakho ize ikufundise, njengomzali, iindlela zokunceda ukuphucula izakhono zomntwana wakho zokuthetha.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ugqirha unamathandabuzo malunga nokuva komntwana, angamthumela umntwana kwingcali ye-audiologist ukuze avavanywe. KwanaseSri Lanka, abanye abantwana banokuba nobunzima bokuva ngandlela ithile.
"Oku kufana nokuzama ukwakha indlu ngaphandle kwesiseko. Ubuchule bomntwana bokuthetha busisiseko semfundo yakhe yexesha elizayo. Ukuba eso siseko sibuthathaka, sichaphazela yonke into ukusuka ekufundeni, ekubhaleni, nakwizibalo. Ngoko ke okukhona ulinda ixesha elide ukufumana uncedo, kokukhona unokuba neengxaki ezininzi kwixesha elizayo."
Kundithusa xa ndisiva umntu esithi, ‘Ungakhathazeki, kuza kulunga xa ekhulile.’ Kuba ngaphandle kokumhlola kakuhle umntwana, asinakukwazi ukubona ukuba oko kuyinyani na.
Izinto esinokuzenza ekhaya ukunceda umntwana wethu athethe
Ukongeza kwiingcebiso zonyango, njengabazali, ninokwenza izinto ezininzi ukuphucula izakhono zokuthetha zomntwana wenu.
- Thetha nomntwana wakho rhoqo: Xa uhlamba, utshintsha impahla, okanye utyisa umntwana wakho, mxelele into oyenzayo. Umzekelo, thetha izinto ezinje, "Khangela, uMama uvula ifriji. Masifumane into yokutya."
- Thetha ngokulula nangokucacileyo: Ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha ngamagama amabini, kufuneka uthethe ngamagama amathathu okanye amane. Kodwa ungamhlazisi ngokuthetha izivakalisi ezinzima ngequbuliso.
- Thetha ngethoni ethomalalisayo: Iintsana zinika ingqalelo engakumbi kwaye zizama ukulinganisa xa uthetha ngethoni ephezulu kancinci, enothando, nethomalalisayo ('motherese' okanye intetho yosana).
- Cula iingoma, funda iincwadi: Usemncinci kakhulu, fundisa umntwana wakho iingoma, mbonise imifanekiso ezincwadini, kwaye umfundele amabali. Le yindlela entle yokwandisa isigama sakhe.
Ukukhula komntwana luhambo oluhle. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi naxhala ngeengxaki ezincinci ezifana nezi ezivelayo ngexesha lolo hambo, kodwa kukuziqonda ngokuchanekileyo nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango xa kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Wonke umntwana ukhula ngesantya esahlukileyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okukhula.
- Ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokulibaziseka kokuthetha komntwana wakho, musa ukucinga ukuba kuya kulunga xa ekhula, kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho.
- Nokuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuthetha, luphawu oluhle lokuba uyakwazi ukuqonda into oyithethayo (ulwimi lokwamkela).
- Ukulungisa ukulibaziseka kokuthetha kwangethuba kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yemfundo yomntwana kwixesha elizayo.
- Njengabazali, ukuthetha nomntwana wenu rhoqo, ukucula iingoma, nokufunda iincwadi yindlela entle yokuphucula uphuhliso lolwimi lwakhe.
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