Ngaba wakha wambona umntwana okwaziyo ukufunda kakuhle kwaye okwaziyo ukusebenza yedwa, kodwa othandabuzayo ukujoyina abahlobo nokuthetha? Abanye abazali bacinga ukuba oku kukuzisola, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho isizathu sezonyango soku. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"High-Functional Autism", kodwa eneneni inentsingiselo ebanzi.
Yintoni kanye kanye "i-Autism esebenza kakhulu"?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyitsho kukuba 'i-High-Functional Autism' ayiloxilongo olusemthethweni lwezonyango. Ligama elingacwangciswanga esilisebenzisa kwincoko yemihla ngemihla. Lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuchaza abantu abakwaziyo ukwenza izakhono zobomi ezisisiseko ezifana nokuthetha, ukubhala, ukufunda, ukutya, ukuzinxibisa, kwanokuphila ngokuzimela.
Ngokwezonyango, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Ngamafutshane, i-autism sisifo sophuhliso esinxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho. Igama elithi 'spectrum' libaluleke kakhulu apha. Cinga ngayo njengomnyama. Njengomnyama onemibala eyahlukeneyo, ubukhali beempawu kubantu abane-ASD buyahluka kakhulu. Abanye banokuba neempawu ezinzima kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu. Amanqanaba e-Intelligence quotient (IQ) anokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu.
Ngaphambili, ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1990, i-autism yayifunyanwa kuphela kubantu abaneempawu ezinzima kakhulu. Kodwa kamva, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho iintlobo ezibuthathaka kakhulu zale meko. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge- Asperger 's Syndrome . Ikwayimeko ebuthathaka kakhulu.
Kodwa ngo-2013, i-American Psychiatric Association yabeka zonke ezi zifo ezinxulumene ne-autism phantsi kwesambulela esinye. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Ngoko ke ngoku uyazi, nangona sithi "i-High-Functional Autism" kunye ne "Asperger's," zonke zikwicandelo elibanzi elibizwa ngokuba yi-ASD .
Zithini iimpawu zomntu one-ASD (i-High-Functional Autism)?
Njengaye wonke umntu okwi-ASD spectrum, umceli mngeni ophambili kwabo sibabiza ngokuba yi-'High-Functional' bubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano.
- Ubuthathaka kwizakhono zentlalo: Banobunzima bokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu, imbonakalo yobuso,, Kunzima ukuqonda intsingiselo equlethwe kumagama (iimpawu zentlalo). Ke ngoko, ukwenza abahlobo kunokuba nzima. Khawuthelekelele ukuya kwitheko lokuzalwa, ngelixa abanye abantwana bedlala kunye, umntwana one-ASD usenokuma yedwa ecaleni. Oku akubangelwa kukuba akayithandi, kodwa kungenxa yokuba akanakukwazi ukujongana naloo meko yoluntu. Kwakhona akajongi emehlweni kwaye uthatha inxaxheba kwintetho encinci engeyomfuneko.
- Imikhwa Yokuphindaphinda Nokungqongqo: Bathanda kakhulu inkqubo kunye nocwangco. Abathandi ukuba kutshintshe nakancinci. Umzekelo, kufuneka bathathe indlela efanayo xa besiya esikolweni yonke imihla, kufuneka babeke amathoyizi abo ngokulandelelana okufanayo. Basenokuba nemikhwa yokuphindaphinda. Umzekelo, baqhwaba izandla, bayagungqa benyuka.
- Umdla Okhethekileyo: Basenokuba nomdla kakhulu kwisifundo esithile, esifana needayinaso, oololiwe, okanye imidlalo yevidiyo, kwaye banokulingeka ukuba bathethe ngaloo nto kuphela.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nokuba umntu one- ASD unesiphiwo esingakanani na ngokwemfundo, umceli mngeni abanawo bonke ngabanye zezi zakhono zentlalo zingaphuhliswanga kakuhle.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
Akukho vavanyo lwezonyango olucacileyo, njengovavanyo lwegazi, lokuxilonga i-ASD. Oogqirha badla ngokwenza uxilongo olusemthethweni ngokujonga indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo kunye nokukhula kwakhe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umntwana udla ngokubona iimpawu ze-ASD kwangethuba kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala. Xa eneminyaka emi-2 ubudala, ingcali idla ngokwenza uxilongo olucacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kwabo baneempawu ezincinci, uxilongo lunokwenziwa kamva kakhulu, mhlawumbi xa eselula okanye emdala.
Inkqubo yokuxilonga umntwana one-ASD ineenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili.
| Amanyathelo okuxilonga | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukubeka iliso kuphuhliso | Abazali kunye nogqirha baza kuqhubeka bejonga ukukhula komntwana kunye. Baza kujonga ukuba umntwana ufikelela na kwinqanaba lokukhula elifanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakhe. Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya oku ngokuthetha nomntwana wakho aze adlale naye. |
| 2. Uvavanyo loPhuhliso | Oku kunzulu ngakumbi. Kunika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwintshukumo yomntwana, ukucinga, ukuziphatha, iimvakalelo kunye nezakhono zolwimi. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokucetyiswa xa eneminyaka eyi-9, eyi-18, neyi-30. |
| 3. Ukuxilongwa kophuhliso | Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa naziphi na iingxaki, ugqirha uya kumthumela umntwana kwingcali. Lo unokuba yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana, ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha, okanye ugqirha wezingane ophuhlisayo. Baza kwenza uvavanyo olusemthethweni baze baqinisekise ukuba umntwana une-ASD. |
Indlela yokuxilonga izifo kubantu abadala
Ukuchonga i-ASD kubantu abadala kwahlukile kancinci. Ugqirha uza kuthetha ngobomi bakho bangoku, ubudlelwane bakho nabantu , iindlela oziphethe ngayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, izinto onomdla kuzo, kunye nemingeni ojongene nayo. Basenokubuza nangobuntwana bakho. Usenokubuza nomzali okanye umntakwenu ngayo loo nto.
I-ASD kunye nobomi besikolo/bomsebenzi
Izifundo zifumanise ukuba abantu abaselula abane-ASD banokukhetha izifundo ze-STEM (iSayensi, iTekhnoloji, ubuNjineli, kunye neMathematika) ekholejini. Abantwana abane-ASD abanengqondo eqhelekileyo nabo badla ngokuba ngcono kwizibalo kunabanye abantwana abanobukrelekrele obufanayo. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yezakhono ezikhethekileyo zokuhlela kunye nokukwazi ukubona iipateni abanazo abantu abane-ASD.
Kodwa nangona ezi talente zininzi, intswela-ngqesho phakathi kwabantu abane-ASD iphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-2021, ama-85% abantu abadala abane-ASD babengasebenzi.
Eyona sizathu siphambili soku yimingeni abajongene nayo ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lomsebenzi. Ngenxa yokuba i-ASD ichaphazela izakhono zentlalo , basenokungabi nazo izakhono zokuncokola ezifunekayo ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe. Nokuba banazo zonke izakhono ezifunekayo emsebenzini, umntu obuza imibuzo unokuba nomdla kubo.
Kodwa nangona kukho le mingeni, abantu abaninzi abane-ASD baqhubeka nokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwimisebenzi yabo. ITemple Grandin ngumzekelo obalaseleyo woku. Unomsebenzi okhethekileyo wokuyila iinkqubo zokulawula izilwanyana.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, xa benikwa inkxaso nethuba elifanelekileyo, abantu abane-ASD banokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwihlabathi ngeetalente zabo ezikhethekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- "I-Autism Esebenza Kakhulu" ayilogama elisemthethweni lezonyango. Igama elichanekileyo yi -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) .
- Olu luluhlu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iimpawu kunye nobunzima bazo ziyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu.
- Eyona ngxaki iphambili zizakhono zentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano. Olu celomngeni lunokubakho nokuba unesiphiwo esingakanani na ngokwengqondo.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nomntwana wakho okanye wena ngokwakho, musa ukusekela izigqibo zakho kwiimvavanyo ze-intanethi okanye oko kuthethwa ngabanye. Soloko ucela ingcebiso kwingcali yezonyango efanelekileyo.
- Ngokuzazi kakuhle, inkxaso, nokuqonda, nabani na one-ASD unokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobanelisayo.
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