Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wakho buhlala njani bufana, ulamba njani ngexesha, kwaye ulala njani ebusuku? Ingqondo ephethe konke oku yinxalenye encinci, kodwa enamandla kakhulu yengqondo yakho, efihliweyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-hypothalamus. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale ngqondo incinci.
Yintoni i-hypothalamus?
Ngamafutshane, i-hypothalamus sisakhiwo esincinci esikwindawo enzulu engqondweni yakho. Sisixhobo esiphambili phakathi kwenkqubo yakho ye-endocrine kunye nenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo . Ifana nebhulorho.
Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukugcina yonke into emzimbeni wethu ilungelelene kwaye izinzile. Kwizonyango, le nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"homeostasis". Cinga ngenkqubo 'yolawulo olukrelekrele' ekhayeni lakho. Ilawula yonke into ekhayeni lakho, njengobushushu, izibane, kunye nokhuseleko. I-hypothalamus yindawo 'yolawulo olukrelekrele' emizimbeni yethu.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-hypothalamus?
I-hypothalamus ilungelelanisa yonke into ngokuphendula imiyalezo engena emizimbeni yethu. Iphendula kwimiqondiso evela kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni yakho, kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho, kwanangaphandle komzimba.
Ungamangaliswa kukubona ukuba le nxalenye incinci ilawula kangakanani.
| Zithini izinto ezilawulayo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ubushushu bomzimba | Ilawula ubushushu bomzimba ngokubangela ukuba umzimba ubile xa kushushu kakhulu, kwaye ibangele ukuba uqhaqhazele xa kubanda. |
| Ifuthe legazi | Inceda ukugcina isantya sentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kwinqanaba elifunekayo. |
| Indlala nonxano | Umzimba wakho uza kukwazisa xa udinga ukutya namanzi. |
| Ukwaneliseka emva kokutya | Xa isisu sigcwele, sithumela umyalezo engqondweni othi "kwanele." |
| Isimo sengqondo | Ikwanceda ekulawuleni iimvakalelo zakho kunye neemeko zengqondo. |
| Isondo sokuqhubana ngesondo | Umsebenzi wesondo uphenjelelwa kulawulo lweehomoni zokuzala. |
| Ukulala | Ilawula umjikelo wakho wokulala nokuvuka. |
I-hypothalamus isebenzisa iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokugcina olu lungelelwaniso:
1. Ngenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo: Oku kukulawula izinto esingenakuzilawula, izinto ezenzeka nje (njengokubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla).
2. Ngokulawula iihomoni: Iihomoni "ziingcali zeekhemikhali" ezihamba ngegazi kwaye zithwale imiyalezo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Ulwalamano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary gland
Ngaphantsi nje kwe-hypothalamus kukho elinye idlala elibalulekileyo, i-pituitary gland . La mabini asebenza njengomphathi kunye nomncedisi wakhe oyintloko. I-hypothalamus "ixelela" i-pituitary ukuba zeziphi iihomoni ekufuneka zikhutshwe kwaye nini.
I-pituitary gland inamacandelo amabini:
- I-Anterior Pituitary: I-hypothalamus ikhupha iihomoni ezikhethekileyo egazini. Ezi ziya ngqo kwi-anterior pituitary ize iyixelele ukuba ivelise iihomoni ezifanelekileyo.
- I-Posterior Pituitary: Kwenzeka into eyahlukileyo apha. I-hypothalamus ngokwayo yenza iihomoni ezimbini ize izigcine kwi-posterior pituitary. Xa kuyimfuneko, i-hypothalamus ithumela umqondiso wokukhupha ezo homoni egazini.
Iihormone ezikhutshwa yi-posterior pituitary
1. I-Oxytocin: Abantu abaninzi bayayazi le nto njenge "hormone yothando." Inceda ukufinyeza isibeleko ngexesha lokubeleka kwaye ivuselele ukuncitshiswa kobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa. Ikwakholelwa ukuba inegalelo ekubophelelekeni, ekuvuselelekeni ngokwesondo, ekuthembekeni, nakwiimvakalelo zokuphila kakuhle.
2. I-Vasopressin:Elinye igama lale nto yi-"antidiuretic hormone - ADH". Le yinto elawula ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni wethu kunye nokukhutshwa komchamo. Ikwalawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-hypothalamus yonakele?
Ukuba i-hypothalamus yonakele, ukusebenza kwayo kuyaphazamiseka. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-hypothalamic dysfunction.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-hypothalamus yinxalenye ebuthathaka kakhulu, ngoko ke nokuba umonakalo omncinci kuyo unokuchaphazela umzimba wonke.
Izizathu ezinokubakho zomonakalo kwi-hypothalamus
- Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi okunzulu (ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu).
- Usulelo lobuchopho.
- Iithumba zobuchopho ezikhula kwi-hypothalamus okanye kwenye indawo engqondweni.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zokutya.
- Utyando lobuchopho.
- Unyango ngemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza.
- Ezinye zeemeko zemfuza ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.
- Izifo zokudumba ezifana ne-'multiple sclerosis'.
Izifo ezinokubangelwa ziingxaki kwi-hypothalamus
Izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamus. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- I-Hypopituitarism: Ukuncipha kokukhutshwa kweehomoni kwi-pituitary gland. Oku kunokubangelwa yingxaki kwi-hypothalamus.
- Isifo seswekile i-Insipidus: Esi asiso isifo seswekile esisaziyo ngokuba yi-"Diabetes Mellitus." Okwenzekayo apha kukuba izintso zikhupha amanzi amaninzi ngenxa yokwehla kwehomoni ethi "Vasopressin (ADH)," nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchameni kakhulu nasekunxanweni.
- I-Prader-Willi Syndrome: Esi sisifo semfuza. Kule meko, i-hypothalamus ayikwazi ukubona xa isisu sigcwele. Ngenxa yoko, kukho imfuneko yokutya rhoqo kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokutyeba kakhulu.
- I-Kallmann Syndrome: Le yimeko yemfuza. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantwana bafikelele kwinqanaba lokufikisa elibazisekileyo okanye bangabikho.
- I-Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni rhoqo ngenyanga kwabasetyhini. Le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-hypothalamus ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, umthambo ogqithisileyo, okanye ukwehla kobunzima.
Zithini iimpawu zengxaki ye-hypothalamus?
Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-hypothalamus, iimpawu zixhomekeke kwi-hormone echaphazelekayo kunye nokuba loo hormone iphantsi okanye iphezulu.
Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokuvela kwingxaki enjalo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi | Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye oluphantsi. |
| Utshintsho kumanqanaba amanzi emzimbeni | Ukudumba (ukugcinwa kwamanzi) okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. |
| Utshintsho lobunzima bomzimba | Ukunyuka okanye ukwehla kobunzima, nokuba kukho utshintsho okanye akunjalo ekutyeni. |
| Iingxaki zokuzala | Ubunzima bokufumana abantwana (Ukungazali). |
| Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo | Ukuvuthwa okulibazisekileyo ngokwesondo kubantwana abancinci. |
| Ubunzima bomzimba | Ukutshintsha rhoqo kobushushu, ukuziva ubanda kakhulu okanye ushushu. |
| Iingxaki zokulala | Ukungalali okanye ukulala kakhulu. |
| Ukudinga rhoqo ukuchama | Ukuchama rhoqo, ingakumbi ebusuku. |
Ukuba uqhubeka ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko kwaye ufumane ingcebiso ngaphandle kokulibazisa.Uza kukwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo aze akuncede ufumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-hypothalamus yindawo encinci, kodwa ingundoqo yokulawula engqondweni yethu.
- Le nxalenye ilawula izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nobushushu bomzimba, indlala, unxano, ukulala, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Oku kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kwi-pituitary gland kwaye kulawula inkqubo yehomoni yomzimba.
- Ukonakala kwe-hypothalamus kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo ezinzulu.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-hypothalamus okanye ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinxulumene noko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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