Unjani namhlanje? Siza kuxoxa ngento ebalulekileyo malunga nemiphunga yakho. Ngaba ugqirha wakho wakha wacebisa 'uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga'? Okanye mhlawumbi ubusoloko uphelelwa ngumphefumlo okanye ukhwehlela? Ukuba kunjalo, le ngxoxo ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Masichaze ukuba yintoni kanye kanye olu vavanyo, isizathu sokwenziwa kwalo, kunye nendlela oluqhutywa ngayo, ngamazwi alula.
Okokuqala, yintoni imiphunga yethu?
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwiimvavanyo, masithathe umzuzwana siqonde ukuba yintoni imiphunga yakho kunye nomsebenzi omangalisayo ewenzayo emzimbeni wakho.Ngamafutshane, imiphunga yakho zizinto ezimbini ezimangalisayo ezifana nesiponji ezikwicala ngalinye lesifuba sakho. Xa uphefumla, imiphunga yakho isebenza njengesango, ithatha ioksijini emoyeni ize iyithumele egazini lakho. Kwangaxeshanye, yenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokususa inkunkuma yekhabhoni dayoksayidi emzimbeni wakho. Njengokuba amagqabi enika ubomi emthini, imiphunga yakho inika umphefumlo obalulekileyo wobomi kuwe. Ngaba oko kunengqiqo?
Ngoko ke, zithini kanye kanye iiMvavanyo zoMsebenzi weLung?
Makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo iiLung Function Tests (LFTs), ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba ziiPulmonary Function Tests (PFTs). Ngokwenyani, ezi vavanyo zilinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo—ngokukodwa, indlela onokuyiphefumla ngayo kwaye uyikhuphe ngayo umoya ngempumelelo nangendlela ekhululekileyo. Cinga ngayo 'njengokulungisa' imiphunga yakho; njengokuba umkhandi ejonga ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini, ezi vavanyo zinika ugqirha wakho uvavanyo olucacileyo lwempilo yemiphunga yakho yangoku.
Kutheni ugqirha wakho ecebise olu vavanyo?
Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba kutheni ugqirha wakho waseNirogi Lanka eyalele olu vavanyo. Kukho izizathu ezibalulekileyo zolu vavanyo:
- Ukuphanda ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ukuba ufumana ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukudinwa ngexesha lomsebenzi olula (njengokunyuka izinyuko), okanye ukuziva uxinezelekile esifubeni kwaye uphefumla kancinci, olu vavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni unobangela oyintloko.
- Ukuchonga iimeko zemiphunga: Ezi mvavanyo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni okanye ekuxilongeni izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne -Asthma , i-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo seMiphunga) —esidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokutshaya—kunye ne -Pulmonary Fibrosis .
- Ukubeka esweni ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo: Ukuba sele unesifo semiphunga esifunyenweyo, olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sakho sonyango sisebenza kakuhle kwaye sibone ukuba imeko yakho izinzile, iyaphucuka, okanye iya isiba mandundu.
- Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kotyando: Ngaphambi kotyando olukhulu, olu vavanyo lusinceda sihlole ukuba imiphunga yakho inamandla ngokwaneleyo na ukumelana noxinzelelo lwenkqubo kunye nemiphumo ye-anesthesia.
- Ukuvavanya umonakalo owenzekileyo emsebenzini: Ukuba umsebenzi wakho ubandakanya ukuvezwa rhoqo luthuli, iikhemikhali, okanye izinto ezifana ne-asbestos (umz., kwimigodi okanye kwimveliso yeekhemikhali), sisebenzisa ezi mvavanyo ukujonga umonakalo onokwenzeka wemiphunga ixesha elide.
Ziziphi iiMvavanyo zeMisebenzi yeLung eziqhelekileyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-LFTs, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo—kwaye idla ngokuba linyathelo lokuqala—yi -Spirometry .
Yintoni i-Spirometry?
I-Spirometry luvavanyo olulula nolungangenisi gazi. Uza kucelwa ukuba uvale imilebe yakho ujikeleze umlomo oqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi- Spirometer . Emva kokuphefumla nzulu, uza kucelwa ukuba ukhuphe umoya ngamandla nangokupheleleyo kangangoko unako— khawucinge ukuba uzama ukucima onke amakhandlela kwikhekhe yomhla wokuzalwa ngokuphefumla kube kanye.
Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ikakhulu amaxabiso amabini abalulekileyo:
1. I-FVC (Umthamo Obalulekileyo Wokusebenza): Oku kulinganisa umthamo womoya opheleleyo onokuwukhupha ngamandla emva kokuphefumla nzulu kangangoko.
2. I-FEV1 (Umthamo wokukhupha umoya ophoqelelweyo kwisekhondi e-1): Oku kulinganisa ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwukhupha ngaphakathi kwesekhondi yokuqala yokuphefumla okuphoqelelweyo.
Ngokuhlalutya la maxabiso, ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa ukuba imiphunga yakho isempilweni kangakanani na nokuba kukho izithintelo kwindlela yakho yomoya (ezifana nezo zibangelwa sisifo sesifuba okanye i-COPD). Umzekelo, umntu onesifuba unokubonisa ixabiso le-FEV1 eliphantsi xa lithelekiswa nomntu ophilileyo.
Usenokuba uqhelene nePeak Flow Meter . Esi sisixhobo esincinci nesiphathekayo esisetyenziswa rhoqo zizigulane ze-asthma ekhaya ukujonga ukusebenza kwemiphunga yazo ngokwazo. Sisebenza ngemigaqo efanayo yokuphefumla ngamandla.
Ngaba kukho ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo?
Ewe, nangona i-spirometry ixhaphakile, kukho iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo zokuxilongwa okunzulu, eziya kucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho ukuba kuyimfuneko:
- Uvavanyo Lomthamo Wemiphunga: Olu vavanyo lubonelela ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo womthamo wemiphunga yakho, njengomlinganiselo womoya opheleleyo onokubanjwa yimiphunga yakho (Umthamo Wemiphunga Opheleleyo) kunye nomoya oseleyo emva kokuphefumla okuqhelekileyo (Umthamo Oseleyo). Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwigumbi elincinci, elinodonga lweglasi elibizwa ngokuba yiBody Plethysmograph .
- Uvavanyo lokuSasazwa kweGesi (i-DLCO): Olu vavanyo lubalulekileyo lulinganisa indlela ioksijini ehamba ngayo ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxowa zomoya zemiphunga yakho (i-alveoli) iye egazini lakho, nto leyo ebonisa indlela imiphunga yakho enceda ngayo ukutshintshiselana kwegesi.
- Uvavanyo Lokuzilolonga Lwentliziyo Nemiphunga: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufuna ukubona indlela imiphunga yakho, intliziyo, kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ezisabela ngayo phantsi koxinzelelo lomzimba, unokucelwa ukuba wenze umthambo olula (njengokuhamba kwi-treadmill okanye ukusebenzisa ibhayisekile engashukumiyo) ngexesha lovavanyo.
Ufanele ulungiselele njani uvavanyo?
Ukulungiselela kubalulekile ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Ugqirha wakho okanye abasebenzi besibhedlele eNirogi Lanka baza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo, edla ngokuquka oku kulandelayo:
- Uhlengahlengiso lwamayeza: Ukuba usebenzisa ii-inhaler ze-asthma okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezifana ne-bronchodilators ukunceda ekuphefumleni, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uzimise iiyure ezimbalwa (ngesiqhelo iiyure ezi-4-6 okanye ezili-12) ngaphambi kovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, nceda ukhumbule: ungayeki okanye utshintshe naliphi na iyeza lakho ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ecacileyo evela kugqirha wakho.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Kufuneka ukuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya ngomhla wovavanyo, kwaye ubuncinane ubuncinane, ubuncinane iiyure ezimbini ngaphambi kwenkqubo.
- Kuphephe ukutya okuninzi:Musa ukutya isidlo esikhulu ngaphambi nje kovavanyo. Isisu esizeleyo sinokuthintela amandla emiphunga yakho okukhula ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla nzulu.
- Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo: Ziphephe iimpahla eziqinileyo nezingqongqo ezijikeleze isifuba okanye isinqe sakho. Endaweni yoko, nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo nekhululekileyo ekuvumela ukuba uphefumle ngokukhululekileyo.
- I-caffeine kunye nokuzilolonga: Ungacetyiswa ukuba ungayisebenzisi i-caffeine (efumaneka kwiti, kwikofu, njl.njl.) kunye nokwenza umthambo onzima kangangeeyure ezininzi ngaphambi kovavanyo.
Ukongeza, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye ukukhwehlela ngomhla wovavanyo lwakho olucwangcisiweyo, nceda wazise ugqirha wakho okanye indawo yovavanyo ngoko nangoko. Idibano yakho ingadinga ukurhoxiswa usuku okanye ezimbini.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lweSpirometry?
Masikhe sijonge okwenzekayo ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-spirometry. Nceda uqiniseke—akukho nto yokoyika. Le yinkqubo engenabungozi, engenazintlungu.
1. Uza kuhlala phantsi kamnandi esitulweni.
2. Impumlo yakho iza kufakwa ikliphu ethambileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uphefumla ngomlomo kuphela, nto leyo ethintela umoya ukuba ungaphumi ngeempumlo zakho ngexesha lovavanyo.
3. Ingcali okanye umongikazi uza kukucela ukuba ubeke imilebe yakho ngokuqinileyo ijikeleze umlomo we-spirometer ukuze wenze isivalo esiqinileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho moya uphumayo.
4. Ekuqaleni, uza kucelwa ukuba uphefumle ngendlela eqhelekileyo kangangexesha elincinci.
5. Emva koko kuza eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo: Ingcali iza kukuxelela oku: “Phefumla nzulu, zalisa imiphunga yakho kangangoko unako!” Wakuba ugqibile ukwenza oko, baza kuthi, “Ngoku, khupha umoya ngamandla, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ixesha elide kangangoko unako! Qhubeka, qhubeka uvuthela de imiphunga yakho ingabi nanto kwaphela!”
Cinga ngayo ngokungathi uzama ukucima onke amakhandlela kwikhekhe yomhla wokuzalwa ngaxeshanye, okanye ukugcwalisa ibhaluni enkulu ngexesha elinye. Kufuneka uzame ngako konke okusemandleni akho. Usenokuziva udiniwe kancinci, okanye ngamanye amaxesha uzive udiniwe kancinci, kodwa oku kuqhelekile ngokupheleleyo.
6. Uza kucelwa ukuba uphinde le nkqubo izihlandlo ezininzi (ngesiqhelo ubuncinane imizamo emithathu ephumeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka). Uza kuba nexesha lokuphumla phakathi komzamo ngamnye.
7. Kwezinye iimeko, emva kovavanyo lokuqala, unokunikwa iyeza le-bronchodilator (ngesiqhelo nge-inhaler). Uza kulinda imizuzu eli-10–20 uze uphinde inkqubo yokuvuthela. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-'Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry.' Kunceda ekumiseleni indlela iindlela zakho zomoya ezisabela ngayo kwiyeza. Oku kubalulekile ekuxilongeni iimeko ezifana ne-asthma.
Lonke uvavanyo ludla ngokuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45. Ingcali iya kukukhokela kuyo yonke inyathelo. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga nangaliphi na ixesha, ungathandabuzi ukumchazela.
Zingasixelela ntoni iziphumo zolu vavanyo?
Nje ukuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, ugqirha wakho uza kuhlalutya idatha (efana namaxabiso e-FVC kunye ne-FEV1) kunye neegrafu ukuze akuchazele iziphumo zakho. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo:
- Ukuchonga izifo zemiphunga: Zinceda ekuboneni ukuba unezifo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, okanye i-bronchiectasis.
- Ukuvavanya ubukhali besifo: Ukuba kukho imeko, la maxabiso anceda ekuhleleni ubukhali bayo (umz., obuphantsi, obuphakathi, okanye obuqatha).
- Ukwahlulahlula imeko (Ethintelayo vs. Ethintelayo): Iimeko zemiphunga zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe zizifo 'ezithintelayo' (apho iindlela zomoya zincipha khona, njenge-asthma okanye i-COPD) kunye nezifo 'ezithintelayo' (apho imiphunga ingenakukhula ngokupheleleyo, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis). I-Spirometry inceda ukwahlula phakathi kwezi ntlobo.
- Ukujonga ukusebenza kakuhle konyango: Ukuba sele uselashwa, olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba umsebenzi wemiphunga yakho uyaphucuka okanye uzinza.
Ugqirha wakho akayi kujonga ezi ziphumo zodwa kodwa uya kuzithelekisa neempawu zakho, imbali yezonyango, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga (ezifana nee-X-ray zesifuba). Ke ngoko, ukuba unemibuzo okanye ufumana ukuba nayiphi na inxalenye yeziphumo ayicacanga, nceda ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho—qinisekisa ukuba uyiqonda ngokupheleleyo imeko yakho yempilo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi okanye ukungakhululeki okunxulunyaniswa nolu vavanyo?
I-Spirometry ithathwa njengenkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu. Iingozi ezinkulu azifumaneki lula.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana ukungakhululeki okuncinci ngexesha okanye emva kovavanyo:
- Ukudinwa okanye isiyezi: Ukuphefumla ngokunyanzelwa kunokuba yinto edinisayo, kwaye abanye abantu banokuziva benomsindo omfutshane, odla ngokuziphelela kwimizuzu embalwa.
- Ukukhwehlela: Ukuphefumla nzulu nokuphefumla ngamandla kunokubangela ukukhwehlela kwabanye abantu.
- Ukuqina kwesifuba: Ngamaxesha athile, ungaziva uxinezelekile kancinci esifubeni.
- Intloko ebuhlungu: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abanye abantu babe nentloko ebuhlungu emva kovavanyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usandul’ ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, wenze utyando olukhulu esifubeni, wenze utyando olukhulu lwamehlo (njengokususwa kwe-cataract), unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo, okanye ukhe waba nesifo esifana nokuwa kwemiphunga (pneumothorax), ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya ngononophelo ukuba olu vavanyo lufanelekile na kuwe. Kubalulekile ukuba unike ugqirha wakho imbali epheleleyo nechanekileyo yemeko yakho yempilo yangoku kunye nayo nayiphi na imithi oyithathayo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule
Sigubungele ulwazi oluninzi malunga novavanyo lweMisebenzi yeLung, ngakumbi iSpirometry. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda kakuhle le nkqubo. Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga luyintoIndlela exabiseke kakhulu, elula, engenabuhlungu, nekhuselekileyo yokujonga impilo yemiphunga yakho nokufumanisa ukuba isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezingapheliyo ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ukuqina kwesifuba, musa ukulinda ukuba ziphele zodwa; qhagamshelana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kubonakala kuyimfuneko, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ezi mvavanyo.
- I-Spirometry lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo nolunolwazi kolu didi. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze idinga, qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho malunga namayeza kunye nemiqathango yokutya.
- Akukho mfuneko yokuba uxhalabe ngexesha lovavanyo. Iingcali zethu ezinobuchule zikho ukuze zikukhokele kwaye zikuxhase kulo lonke inkqubo—yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukulandela imiyalelo yazo.
- Nje ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zifumaneke, zixoxe kakuhle nogqirha wakho. Buza nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyaziqonda ngokupheleleyo iziphumo zakho kunye namanyathelo alandelayo.
Imiphunga yakho iyinto exabisekileyo exhasa ubomi bakho. Ukubeka impilo yabo phambili, ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzilungiselela, kunye nokuhlolwa okufunekayo xa kuyimfuneko kubalulekile. INirogi Lanka ikunqwenelela impilo nempilo-ntle yobomi bonke!
Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga , I-Spirometry, I-Asthma, I-COPD, Ukuphefumla, Impilo Yemiphunga
