Injani impilo yemiphunga yakho? Masifunde ngeeMvavanyo zoMsebenzi weMiphunga!

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ngemiphunga yethu. Ngaba ugqirha wakho wakha wakucela ukuba wenze 'uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga'? Okanye ngaba uhlala unengxaki yokuphefumla, njengokukhwehlela? Emva koko eli bali liza kuba libaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Makhe sibone ukuba luthini olu vavanyo, kutheni lwenziwa, kwaye lwenziwa njani ngokulula.

Okokuqala, yintoni imiphunga yethu?

Kulungile, ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngezi mvavanyo, masizikhumbuze ukuba imiphunga yethu yintoni na kwaye inika inkonzo entle kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Ngamafutshane, imiphunga zizinto ezimbini ezimangalisayo, ezifana nesiponji kumacala omabini esifubeni sethu. Xa siphefumla, le miphunga ithatha ioksijini evela kwindawo esingqongileyo ize iyongeze egazini lethu. Kwakhona, le miphunga yenza umsebenzi omhle wokukhupha i-carbon dioxide engafunekiyo eqokelelana emizimbeni yethu ibuyele ngaphandle. Kanye njengokuba amagqabi omthi enika ubomi kumthi wonke, imiphunga yethu isinika nomoya wobomi. Uyaqonda?

Ngoko ke, zithini ezi mvavanyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba ezi mvavanyo zomsebenzi wemiphunga zibizwa ngokuba yi-'Lung Function Tests - LFTs' okanye ngamanye amaxesha yi-'Pulmonary Function Tests - PFTs'. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, ukuba unokuphefumla kakuhle kwaye kulula kangakanani na. Cinga ngayo 'njengokulungisa' injini yemoto ukuze ubone ukuba isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, olu vavanyo luvumela oogqirha bethu ukuba bafumane umbono olungileyo 'wemeko' yemiphunga yakho.

Kutheni ugqirha angakucela ukuba wenze olu hlobo lovavanyo?

Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga, "Kutheni ugqirha wam endicela ukuba ndenze uvavanyo olunje?" Enyanisweni, zinokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Jonga ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ngaba ukhohlela rhoqo? Ngaba unempumlo egobhozayo? Ngaba uziva uphelelwa ngumoya nokuba unyuka izinyuko ezimbalwa? Okanye uziva ngathi isifuba sakho sixinene okanye senza isandi sokuphefumla xa uphefumla? Ukuba kunjalo, olu vavanyo lunokukunceda ufumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oku.
• Chonga izifo zemiphunga: Kukho ezinye izifo ezichaphazela imiphunga. Umzekelo, i-asthma , i-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo seMiphunga) (esi sisifo semiphunga esihlala ixesha elide esihlala sisenzeka kubantu abatshayayo), kunye ne -pulmonary fibrosis (i-Pulmonary Fibrosis) ziluncedo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni , oko kukuthi, ukuxilonga, izifo ezinje ngezi.
• Jonga imeko yesifo: Ukuba sele unesifo semiphunga (umz. i-asthma), ngaba eso sifo ngoku siyalawuleka kwaye ngaba amayeza owaselayo asebenza kakuhle?Olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba imeko iyaphucuka okanye iya isiba mandundu na.
• Ngaphambi kotyando olukhulu: Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando olukhulu, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba imiphunga yakho iya kukwazi ukumelana notyando kunye ne-anesthesia.
• Jonga umonakalo wemiphunga: Kukho abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi ethile apho bahlala bechatshazelwa luthuli kunye neekhemikhali. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenza kwiindawo zokumba amatye, iifektri ze-asbestos, kunye nezityalo zeekhemikhali. Imiphunga yabantu abanjalo inokonakala ngokuhamba kwexesha. Olu vavanyo lukwanceda ekujongeni ukuba loo monakalo wenzekile na.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wemiphunga eziqhelekileyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"Lung Function Tests". Phakathi kwazo, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo nolokuqala olwenziwayo luvavanyo lwe-"Spirometry" . Usenokukhumbula oku kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni kwelo nqaku.

Yintoni i-Spirometry?

Olu luvavanyo lokuqala oluyenziwa ukujonga imiphunga yakho, kwaye lulula kakhulu. Lubandakanya ukufaka umlomo wakho kwisixhobo esincinci (esibizwa ngokuba yi-spirometer) uze ucele ukuba uphefumlele nzulu, uze ukhuphe umoya ngokukhawuleza nangokude kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kufana nokucima onke amakhandlela kwikhekhe yomhla wokuzalwa ngaxeshanye!

Olu vavanyo lwe-spirometry lulinganisa izinto ezininzi, ezimbini kwezi zibalulekileyo zezi:

1. I-FVC (Umthamo Obalulekileyo Wokusebenza): Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya onokuwuphefumla nzulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngokuphefumla kube kanye uze uwukhuphe ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo kangangoko.

2. I-FEV1 (Umthamo wokukhupha umoya ophoqelelweyo kwisekhondi e-1): Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya onokuwukhupha kwisekhondi yokuqala xa ukhupha umoya ngokukhawuleza njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla.

Ngokujonga la maxabiso mabini, i-`FVC` kunye ne-`FEV1` (kunye namanye amanani ambalwa), ugqirha unokufumana umbono olungileyo wokuba imiphunga yakho iphilile kangakanani na kwaye ingaba kukho nakuphi na ukuvaleka okanye ukuvaleka kwindlela yakho yomoya (njengakwi-asthma okanye i-`COPD`). Umzekelo, umntu one-`(Asthma)` unokuba nexabiso eliphantsi le-`FEV1` kunomntu ophilileyo oqhelekileyo.

Usenokuba ukhe wabona isixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Peak Flow Meter". Sisetyenziswa ngabantu abane-asthma ukujonga imeko yabo ekhaya. Sikwabandakanya ukuvuthela umoya. Sikwanika umbono wokusebenza kwemiphunga.

Ngaba kukho ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo?

Ewe, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ngaphandle kwe-spirometry. Asinguye wonke umntu ozidingayo ezi. Zenziwa kuphela xa ugqirha ecinga ukuba kuyimfuneko.

• Uvavanyo lomthamo wemiphunga:Oku kunokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezinje ngokuba ungakanani umoya onokuthi ugcinwe yimiphunga yakho (Total Lung Capacity) kunye nokuba ungakanani umoya oseleyo emiphungeni yakho emva kokuba uphefumle ngokuqhelekileyo (Residual Volume). Ngamanye amaxesha olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngokukubeka kwigumbi elincinci leglasi (elibizwa ngokuba yi-body plethysmograph).
• Uvavanyo lokuSasazwa kweGesi (i-DLCO): Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Lulinganisa ukuba ioksijini oyiphefumlayo ifunxwa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo kangakanani na egazini ngeengxowa ezincinci zomoya (i-alveoli) ezikwimiphunga. Oku kubonisa indlela imiphunga etshintshiselana ngayo ioksijini ngempumelelo.
• Uvavanyo Lokuzilolonga Lwentliziyo Nemiphunga: Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe indlela imiphunga yakho, intliziyo, kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi esabela ngayo kumthambo (umz., ukuhamba kwi-treadmill okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile) kunye nokujonga ukuba uphefumla kancinci na.

Ngaba kukho into ekufuneka ndiyilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba ndithathe olu vavanyo?

Ewe, kukho amalungiselelo amancinci ngaphambi kokuba uye kolu vavanyo. Ugqirha wakho okanye isibhedlele apho uvavanyo lwenziwa khona siya kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga noku. Ngokwesiqhelo, izinto ezinje zithiwa:

• Amanye amayeza anokufuna ukuyeka okwethutyana: Ukuba uthatha ii-inhaler, ezifana nezo ze-asthma, okanye ezinye ii-bronchodilators, ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukuzisebenzisa kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo (mhlawumbi iiyure ezi-4-6 okanye ezili-12). Kodwa khumbula, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza lakho ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba wenjenjalo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ufanele ukuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya ngomhla wovavanyo kwaye ubuncinane iyure okanye ezimbini ngaphambi kovavanyo.
• Musa ukutya isidlo esikhulu ngaphambi kovavanyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa isisu sakho sigcwele, imiphunga yakho iya kwanda ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla nzulu.
• Musa ukunxiba impahla eqinileyo neyincinci: Endaweni yempahla eqinileyo encipha isifuba sakho kwaye yenze kube nzima ukuphefumla, nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo nekhululekileyo.
• Iziselo kunye nomthambo one-caffeine: Ngamanye amaxesha unokucelwa ukuba ungaseli iziselo ezine-caffeine, ezifana neti nekofu, kwaye wenze umthambo onzima iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Kwakhona, ukuba unesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye ukukhwehlela ngomhla wovavanyo, nceda wazise ugqirha wakho okanye ilebhu kwangaphambili. Uvavanyo lunokufuneka luhlehliswe usuku olunye okanye ezimbini.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-spirometry?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngeli xesha lovavanyo lwe-spirometry. Akukho nto yokoyika, kuba olu ayilovavanyo lubuhlungu.

1. Okokuqala, uza kuhlala kamnandi esitulweni.

2. Emva koko, kufakwa ikliphu encinci (ikliphu yempumlo) empumlweni yakho. Ibekwa ngendlela yokuba xa uphefumla ngomlomo wakho, umphefumlo ungaphumi ngempumlo yakho. Emva koko kufuneka uphefumle ungene uphume ngomlomo wakho kuphela.

3. Emva koko, ingcali okanye umongikazi oqhuba uvavanyo uza kukuxelela ukuba uvale imilebe yakho ngokuqinileyo ujikeleze umlomo we-spirometer ukuze kungabikho moya onokuphuma.

4. Okokuqala, uza kucelwa ukuba uphefumle kancinci ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

5. Emva koko kuza inxalenye ebalulekileyo. Ingcali iza kukuxelela ithi, "Phefumla nzulu, gcwalisa imiphunga yakho kangangoko unako!" Emva kokuba wenze oko, iya kuthi ngoko nangoko, "Ngoku phefumlela ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza nangokude kangangoko unako! Phefumla ngaphakathi! Phefumla ngaphakathi! Kwaye phefumlela ngaphandle, de kube lithontsi lokugqibela lomoya liphelile!"

Khawuthelekelele ucima amakhandlela amaninzi kwikhekhe yomhla wokuzalwa ngaxeshanye. Okanye uvuthela ibhaluni enkulu ngokuphefumla kube kanye. Kuya kufuneka ukwenze oko kangangoko unako. Uza kuziva udiniwe kancinci, mhlawumbi unesizungu, kodwa oko kuqhelekile.

6. Uza kucelwa ukuba wenze oku izihlandlo ezininzi (ngesiqhelo ubuncinane izihlandlo ezithathu, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo). Uza kunikwa ikhefu elifutshane phakathi kwexesha ngalinye.

7. Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kolu vavanyo, unikwa i-bronchodilator (edla ngokuba yi-inhaler) uze ucelwe ukuba uphefumle kwakhona ngendlela efanayo kangangemizuzu eli-10-20. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry. Ilinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho kunye neendlela zomoya ezisabela ngayo kumayeza kunye nokuba ziyavuleka na. Oku kubalulekile ekuxilongeni iimeko ezifana ne-asthma.

Lonke uvavanyo ludla ngokuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45. Ingcali eyenza uvavanyo iza kukuchazela yonke into kakuhle kwaye ikuncede. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga, ungoyiki ukumxelela ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni esinokuyifunda kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo?

Nje ukuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, ugqirha uza kuqokelela yonke idatha kulo, efana ne-`FVC`, ixabiso le-`FEV1`, iigrafu, njl.njl., aze akuchazele zona. Ungafunda izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwezi ziphumo:

• Nokuba unesifo semiphunga okanye awunaso: Ezi ziphumo zinceda ekuchongeni ukuba ngaba unezifo ezahlukeneyo zemiphunga ezifana ne-`(Asthma)`, `(COPD)`, `(Pulmonary Fibrosis)`, kunye ne-`(Bronchiectasis)`.
• Ukuba sibi kangakanani esi sifo: Ukuba unesifo semiphunga, la maxabiso anceda ekuhleleni ukuba sibi kangakanani (oko kukuthi, sincinci, siphakathi, sibi kakhulu).
• Hlukanisa isifo (Esithintelayo okanye Esithintelayo):Ezinye izifo zemiphunga zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini. Esinye sisifo 'sokuthintela'. Oku kuxa iindlela zomoya (iindlela zomoya) zivalekile. Umzekelo, i-asthma, i-'COPD' ingabizwa ngokuba. Esinye sisifo 'sokuthintela'. Oku kuxa imiphunga ingakwazi ukwanda ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ayinakukhula. Umzekelo, i-'pulmonary fibrosis'. Olu vavanyo lwe-spirometry lunokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi kwezi meko zimbini onazo.
• Indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kunyango: Ukuba sele usela amayeza esifo semiphunga, olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba imeko yemiphunga yakho iyaphucuka okanye iyaphucuka na ngala mayeza.

Ugqirha akayi kuthelekisa kuphela iziphumo zolu vavanyo neempawu zakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuba zenziwe (umz., i-X-ray yesifuba) ukuze kufikelele kwisigqibo sokugqibela. Ngoko ke, ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga neziphumo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha, nokuba ziyintoni na.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye iingozi ngezi mvavanyo?

Olu vavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga, ingakumbi i-spirometry, ludla ngokuthathwa njengolukhuselekileyo kakhulu. Alubeki mngcipheko mkhulu nonzima.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana ukungakhululeki okuncinci ngexesha okanye emva kovavanyo:

• Ukudinwa kancinci, isiyezi: Xa uphefumla ngaloo ndlela, usenokuziva udiniwe kancinci, kwaye abanye banokuziva benesiyezi okanye bedidekile. Oku kuza kuphela emva kwexesha elithile.
• Ukukhohlela kungenzeka: Abanye abantu banokukhohlela kancinci xa bephefumla nzulu kwaye bekhupha umoya ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuqina kancinci esifubeni: Amaxesha amaninzi, abanye abantu banokuziva bexinene okanye bexinene kancinci esifubeni.
• Njengentloko ebuhlungu: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abanye abantu babe nentloko ebuhlungu kancinci emva kovavanyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usandul’ ukuba nesifo sentliziyo, utyando olukhulu lwesifuba, utyando olukhulu lwamehlo (njengotyando lwe-cataract), uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwayo, okanye i-pneumothorax yakutshanje, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba olu vavanyo lufanelekile na okanye alufanelekanga. Ke ngoko, qiniseka ukuba unika ugqirha wakho inkcazo epheleleyo ngempilo yakho kunye nayo nayiphi na imithi oyithathayo.

Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu ngovavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga, ingakumbi i-spirometry. Ndicinga ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle le nto ngoku. Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu lunokukuxelela impilo yemiphunga yakho kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo.Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu, elula, engenabuhlungu kwaye ekhuselekileyo.
• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla nzima, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukuxinana kwesifuba, musa ukucinga nje ukuba ziza kuphela, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Ukuba ucinga ukuba kuyimfuneko, baya kukuxelela ukuba wenze olu hlobo lovavanyo.
• I-Spirometry lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo nolunolwazi. Ngaphambi kokuba ulwenze, landela imiyalelo kagqirha (malunga nokuyeka amayeza, ukutya, njl.njl.) ngokuchanekileyo.
• Musa ukoyika nantoni na xa usenza uvavanyo. Kukho iingcali ezinobuchule eziza kukunceda nokukuchazela yonke into. Siza kukuxhasa kangangoko sinako.
• Xa ufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo ngokupheleleyo, ubuze nayiphi na imibuzo onayo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uyaziqonda ngokupheleleyo.

Imiphunga yakho yinto exabisekileyo ekunika ubomi. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela, ukuzama ukuyigcina isempilweni, kunye nokwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo xa kuyimfuneko. Ndikunqwenelela impilo entle rhoqo!

Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga , I-Spirometry, I-Asthma, I-COPD, Ukuphefumla, Impilo Yemiphunga