Kuthetha ukuthini ukuthi "i-Contagious"? Masifunde yonke into ngayo!

Xa ungenwa ngumkhuhlane, okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ekhwehlela, ucinga, "Owu, andazi ukuba ndiza kuwufumana na kwabanye," akunjalo? Ezinye izifo zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Yiyo loo nto sizibiza ngokuba 'ziyosulela.' Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale 'iyosulela' kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo kwizifo ezinjalo. Ukuba siyazi izinto ezifanelekileyo, sinokuziphepha izifo ezininzi.

Kuthetha ukuthini kanye kanye "ukusulelana"?

Ngamafutshane, "ukusulelana" kuthetha ukuba isifo sinokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Khawuthelekelele umhlobo wakho enomkhuhlane. Xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla, iintsholongwane ezincinci zikhutshwa emlonyeni nasempumlweni yakhe. Ukuba ukufutshane naye ngelo xesha, ezo ntsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni wakho kwaye unokufumana umkhuhlane. Yiyo loo nto sibiza umkhuhlane ngokuthi sisifo esosulelayo .

Zithini ezi ntsholongwane? Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zazo esihlala sithetha ngazo.

1. Iintsholongwane: Ezi zizinto ezincinci ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni. Ezinye iintsholongwane zilungile emizimbeni yethu kwaye zisinceda nathi. Kodwa ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane zinokubangela izifo ukuba zingena emizimbeni yethu.

2. Iintsholongwane: Ezi zincinci kakhulu kuneentsholongwane. Iintsholongwane azikwazi ukuphila zodwa; kufuneka zingene kwiseli emzimbeni wethu ukuze zikhule. Iintsholongwane zihlala zibangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, irhashalala, kunye nerhashalala.

Ngoko ke, ukuba intsholongwane (oko kukuthi, intsholongwane okanye intsholongwane) ebangela isifo inokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye, sibiza eso sifo ngokuthi "isifo esisulelayo."

Sisasazeka njani esi sifo sisulelayo?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo izifo ezisulelayo ezinokusasazeka ngazo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Makhe sizijonge ngoku.

1. Unxibelelwano ngqo

Le yindlela elula kakhulu. Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa xa uchukumisa umntu ogulayo okanye udibana nolwelo lomzimba wakhe.

• Ukuxhawulana ngezandla: Ukuba umntu ogulayo uneentsholongwane ezandleni zakhe, xa uxhawulana naye, ezo ntsholongwane zinokungena ezandleni zakho. Emva koko, ukuba uchukumisa umlomo wakho, impumlo, okanye amehlo ngaloo sandla, iintsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuqabulana: Ezinye izifo (ezifana ne-herpes) zinokudluliselwa ngokuqabulana.
• Ukuchukumisa inxeba lomntu ogulayo: Ulwelo oluvela emanxebeni lunokuba neentsholongwane.

Khawucinge nje, umhlobo wakho uNimal unesifo somkhuhlane. Uhlala esula impumlo yakhe aze avale umlomo wakhe ngesandla sakhe xa ekhohlela. Emva koko ushukumisa isandla sakho ngesandla esifanayo. Emva koko intsholongwane yomkhuhlane eyayisesandleni sikaNimal ifika esandleni sakho. Ukuba ndithetha inyani, le yinto enobungozi ukuyenza!

2. Ngomoya - Amaconsi kunye namasuntswana amancinci

Le yindlela ephambili esasazeka ngayo izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane.

• Xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla (Droplet Spread):Xa umntu ogulayo ekhohlela okanye ethimla, akhupha amathontsi amathe kunye nokukhupha iimpumlo. La mathontsi azele ziintsholongwane ezibangela ukugula. Ahlala ehamba umgama omalunga nemitha enye ukuya kwezimbini. Ukuba la mathontsi awela empumlweni, emlonyeni, okanye emehlweni omntu okufutshane, anokusasaza isifo.
• Xa uthetha, uphefumla (Ukusasazeka komoya - kwezinye izifo): Ezinye iintsholongwane zincinci kakhulu. Zingadada emoyeni ixesha elide kwaye zihambe imigama emide. Izifo ezifana nesifo sephepha kunye neMass zinokusasazeka ngale ndlela.

3. Uqhagamshelwano olungathanga ngqo (iiFomites)

Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifo sidluliselwa ngezinto ezichukunyiswe ngumntu ogulayo.

Khawucinge ngomntu ogulayo echukumisa isitshixo somnyango, itafile, okanye ipeni esetyenzisiweyo okanye ifowuni ngesandla sakhe esizaliswe ziintsholongwane. Emva koko, ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchukumisa loo nto aze achukumise umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo, unokosuleleka. Kwizonyango, ezi zinto zizaliswe ziintsholongwane sizibiza ngokuba yi-'fomites' .

• Bamba ucango, bamba ifestile.
• Iitafile, izitulo
• Amathoyizi (ingakumbi phakathi kwabantwana abancinci)
• Ithawula, itshefu
• Iimali zemali, iingqekembe
• Iifowuni, iikhibhodi zekhompyutha

4. Ukutya namanzi angcolileyo

Ezinye izifo ezisulelayo, ingakumbi ukudumba kwesisu kunye norhudo (i-gastroenteritis), zibangelwa kukutya okanye ukusela ukutya okanye amanzi angcolileyo. Ezi zifo zinokufunyanwa ngokutya ukutya okanye ukusela amanzi angcoliswe ziintsholongwane.

• Inyama, intlanzi, namaqanda angaphekwanga kakuhle
• Iziqhamo nemifuno engahlanjwanga
• Amanzi angcolileyo, iziselo ezingacocwanga kakuhle

5. Izilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane - iiVectors

Ezinye izifo ezisulelayo zinokusasazeka ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya ebantwini okanye ngezinambuzane. Sizibiza ngokuba zizinambuzane ezithwala ezi zifo ngokuba ziivektha .

• Iingcongconi zisasaza izifo ezifana neDengue, iMalariya, kunye neChikungunya.
• Ezinye izifo zinokudluliselwa kwiintakumba kunye neenkonjane.
• Ezinye izilwanyana zinokudlulisela izifo ezifana ne-rabies (ngokulunywa zizilwanyana ezifana nezinja neekati) kunye ne-leptospirosis (ngamanzi angcoliswe zizinto ezifana nomchamo weempuku).

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba zingaphi iindlela izifo ezisulelayo ezinokusasazeka ngazo, akunjalo?

Zeziphi izifo ezixhaphakileyo ezisulelayo?

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezisulelayo ezixhaphakileyo phakathi kwethu.

• Umkhuhlane oQhelekileyo: Le yinto eyenzeka phantse kuwo wonke umntu. Inokubangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Isasazeka ngokukhohlela nokuthimla.
• Umkhuhlane: Oku kubangelwa yintsholongwane. Unzima kancinci kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Ubangela iintlungu zomzimba, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nokukhwehlela. Usasazeka kakhulu emoyeni.
• Iqhwiqhwi:Esi sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Sibangela amadyungudyungu emzimbeni kwaye siyarhawuzelela. Sinokusasazwa ngokudibana ngqo namadyungudyungu omntu osulelekileyo, okanye xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
• I-Maasles: Esi sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesinosulelo. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, amehlo abomvu, kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Sisasazeka emoyeni.
• I-Mumps: Isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esibangela ukudumba kwamadlala kumacala omabini ezihlathi. Sisasazeka ngamathontsi amathe.
• I-Covid-19 (COVID-19): Wonke umntu uyazi ngoku. Ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(SARS-CoV-2)`. Isasazeka kakhulu ngomoya, oko kukuthi, ngamathontsi akhutshwa xa ukhohlela, uthimla, okanye uthetha.
• Umkhuhlane weTyphoid: Esi sisifo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane kwaye sidluliselwa ngokutya namanzi angcolileyo.
• I-Conjunctivitis / Iliso elipinki: Isifo esibangela ukuba amehlo abe bomvu, arhawuzelele, kwaye abe namanzi. Oku kusasazeka ngokulula. Kunokudluliselwa ukuba ulwelo oluvela emehlweni omntu osulelekileyo lungena ezandleni kwaye izandla zichukumisa amehlo omnye umntu.

Zininzi nezinye izifo ezisulelayo ezifana nale. Into ebalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba phantse zonke ezi zifo zisasazwa luhlobo oluthile lwentsholongwane (ibhaktheriya, intsholongwane, okanye esinye isidalwa esincinci).

Ngaba "i-Sulective" kunye "ne-Infectious" ziyafana?

Nangona la magama mabini esetyenziswa rhoqo ngokutshintshana, kukho umahluko omncinci.

"Intsholongwane" ithetha ukuba intsholongwane (ibhaktheriya, intsholongwane, ifungus, okanye iparasite) ingena emzimbeni ize ibangele izifo.

"Isifo esisulelayo" sithetha ukuba isifo esosulelayo sinokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye .

Ngamafutshane, zonke izifo ezosulelayo zisifo esosulelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izifo ezosulelayo ezihlala zisasazeka.

Umzekelo, i-tetanus sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Kodwa asisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Sibangelwa xa iintsholongwane ezivela kwindawo engqongileyo (umhlaba, uthuli) zingena emzimbeni ngenxeba.

Kodwa umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo sisifo esosulelayo, kwaye sidluliselwa lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Namhlanje sithetha kakhulu ngezifo ezosulelayo .

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sizikhusele kwizifo ezosulelayo?

Kukho intetho ethi "ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga." Oku kuyinyaniso nakwiizifo ezosulelayo. Ukuba silumka kancinci, singaziphepha ezininzi zezi zifo. Ezi zizinto ezilula kakhulu, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.

1. Hlamba Izandla Zakho Rhoqo

Le yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo nelula . Izandla zethu zinokuqulatha izigidi zeentsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo. Yiyo loo nto ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngendlela efanelekileyo kubaluleke kangaka.

• Ufanele uhlambe nini izandla zakho?
• Ngaphambi kokutya nangaphambi kokulungisa ukutya.
• Emva kokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
• Ukuba uvala umlomo wakho ngesandla sakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, ngoko ke...
• Emva kokutyelela umntu ogulayo, okanye emva kokuchukumisa umntu ogulayo.
• Emva kokuchukumisa izilwanyana.
• Emva kokuphuma nokubuyela ekhaya.
• Ngaphambi nasemva kokucoca inxeba.
• Emva kokucoca impumlo.
• Uzihlamba njani izandla zakho ngokufanelekileyo?
• Okokuqala, manzisa izandla zakho ngamanzi acocekileyo.
• Emva koko, yongeza isepha eyaneleyo uze uyihlikihle ide ifume kakuhle.
• Hlikihla umva wesandla sakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, phantsi kweenzipho zakho, nakufutshane nobhontsi wakho omkhulu. Ufanele uhlikihle ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 (ungacula ngengqondo ingoma ethi "Usuku Lokuzalwa Olumnandi" kabini).
• Emva koko yihlambe kakuhle ngesepha namanzi.
• Yomisa izandla zakho ngelaphu elicocekileyo okanye ithishu. Kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kungcono ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokomisa izandla, okanye uzise eyakho ithishu.

Ukuba isepha namanzi azikho, ungasebenzisa isicoci sezandla esine-60% yotywala ubuncinane. Kodwa khumbula, xa izandla zakho zingcolile, isicoci sezandla sodwa asanelanga. Ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha yeyona nto ilungileyo.

2. Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla.

Ukuba unomkhuhlane okanye ukhwehlela, xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, iintsholongwane ziyakhutshwa emoyeni. Oku kunokosulela abanye.

• Soloko usebenzisa ithishu ukugquma umlomo nempumlo yakho. Lahla ithishu esetyenzisiweyo ngoko nangoko kwisitya senkunkuma esivaliweyo.
• Ukuba awunayo i-tissue, khohlela okanye uthimle emqolombeni wengqiniba yakho (ecaleni apho ingqiniba yakho igoba khona). Ungaze usebenzise izandla zakho. Kuba xa izandla zakho zineentsholongwane, ziyasasazeka kuyo yonke into oyichukumisayo.

3. Hlala Ekhaya Xa Ugula

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo esosulelayo (ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, impumlo egobhozayo, iintlungu zomzimba, urhudo, ukuhlanza), hlala ekhaya kangangoko unako. Kuphephe ukuya eofisini, esikolweni, okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Oku kuya kukunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye. Kuya kukunika nexesha lokuchacha ngokukhawuleza.

4. Gonywa

Iigonyo zizixhobo ezinamandla zokulwa nezifo ezahlukeneyo ezosulelayo. Kukho iigonyo zezifo ezifana ne-masisi, i-mumps, i-rubella, i-chickenpox, i-influenza, i-COVID-19, isifo sephepha, i-polio, kunye ne-hepatitis B. Ezi gonyo ziqeqesha amajoni ethu omzimba ukuba alwe nezo zifo.

• Nika abantwana zonke izitofu zokugonya ezinikezelwa phantsi kweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonya ngexesha.
• Abantu abadala banokufuna ezinye izitofu zokugonya (umz., i-influenza, i-pneumonia, i-tetanus booster). Buza ugqirha ngazo.

5. Coca kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwiindawo eziphathwa rhoqo

Iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile, izitshixo zokukhanyisa, iifowuni, iikhibhodi zekhompyutha, kunye nezindlu zangasese zinokuba neentsholongwane. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukucoca ezi ndawo rhoqo nokuzisula ngesibulali-ntsholongwane esifanelekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba kukho umntu ohlala endlwini ogulayo.

6. Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu

Musa ukwabelana ngeetawuli, iireyiza, iibrashi zamazinyo, izitya zokutya, kunye neebhotile zamanzi nabanye. Ezi zinto zinokusasaza izifo.

7. Indlela Yokuphila Esempilweni

Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukusela amanzi amaninzi, ukulala ngokwaneleyo (ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku), kunye nokuzilolonga kunokunceda ukugcina amasosha omzimba wakho ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Oku kuya kwandisa amandla akho okumelana nokugula.

Umzekelo omncinci: Khawucinge ukuba umntu eofisini yakho unesifo somkhuhlane. Ukuba akawugqumi umlomo wakhe ngezandla zakhe xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla, ezo ntsholongwane zinokungena kwiidesika nakwiingcango zeminyango eofisini. Ukuba uchukumisa ezo ndawo uze utye ukutya ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zakho, usenokuba sengozini yokugula. Kodwa ukuba wonke umntu ulumkile ngolu hlobo, ukuba uhlamba izandla zakhe, kwaye ukuba uyagula, banokunciphisa kakhulu ukusasazeka kolu hlobo lwesifo, akunjalo?

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo esosulelayo?

Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba silumke kangakanani na, sisenokugula. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, yenza ezi zinto.

1. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zomzimba eziqatha, urhudo olungalawulekiyo okanye ukuhlanza, okanye ukuba isifo sakho asiphucuki kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Emva koko ungafumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye engalunganga kwaye ufumane unyango olufunekayo. Ingakumbi ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini (umntwana omncinci, umntu omdala, umfazi okhulelweyo, umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka), funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

2. Ukuphumla: Ukuphumla umzimba wakho kuyanceda ukuba uphole ngokukhawuleza.

3. Sela iziselo ezininzi: Xa unomkhuhlane okanye urhudo, umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa ngamanzi amaninzi. Ngoko ke sela amanzi amaninzi, umhluzi, ipapa, isuphu, kunye nejusi yeziqhamo.

4. Thintela ukusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye: Hlala ekhaya kangangoko unako. Gcina umgama phakathi kwabanye (umgama phakathi kwabantu). Kungcono ukuba ungahlala kwigumbi elahlukileyo. Gquma umlomo wakho xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Hlamba izitya ozisebenzisa ngokwahlukeneyo.

5. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha: Sela amayeza njengoko eyalelwe, ngexesha, ixesha lonke. Yenza oko akuxelele ukuba ukwenze.

Izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, sithethe kakhulu ngezifo ezisulelayo namhlanje, akunjalo? Ukukhumbula ezi zinto kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe, kusapho lwakho, nakwabanye abantu kuluntu.

• "Isifo esisulelayo" sithetha ukuba iintsholongwane ezibangela isifo zidluliselwa komnye umntu ziye komnye.
• Esi sifo sinokusasazeka ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ngomoya, ngokudibana, ngokutya namanzi angcolileyo, nangezinto ezingcolisiweyo (iifomite).
• Ukuhlamba izandla yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nelula yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezosulelayo. Kulungile, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugquma umlomo nempumlo yakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla.
• Ukuba uneempawu zesifo esosulelayo, hlala ekhaya ukuze ungasasazi nakwabanye abantu.
• Iigonyo zikhusela kakhulu kwizifo ezininzi ezosulelayo. Fumana iigonyo ezifanelekileyo.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ukuba unesifo esithile, funa ingcebiso kagqirha . Musa ukwenza oko uvakalelwa kuko, mamela oko kuthethwa ngugqirha.

Khumbula, ngokulandela le mikhwa mincinci yempilo, singaziphepha izifo ezininzi ezinkulu size sihlale sisempilweni. Ukuba sonke siyayinyamekela le nto, singenza lonke uluntu lwethu lube sempilweni. Ukhuseleko lwakho lubaluleke njengokhuseleko lwabanye!

Izifo ezosulelayo, imikhwa yempilo, ukuhlamba izandla, ukugonywa, ukukhuselwa kwiintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, izifo