Ingaba umzimba wakho ubambekile, kodwa ingqondo yakho ikhululekile? Masithethe nge-Locked-in Syndrome (LiS)

Khawuthelekelele ukwazi ukuqonda nokuva yonke into oyifunayo, kodwa ungakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukushukumisa umzimba wakho... ngokungathi uvaleleke emzimbeni wakho. Akuziveli ngathi awunakuzinceda ukucinga ngale nto? Yiyo kanye le meko imbi, kodwa ingaqhelekanga kakhulu yemithambo-luvo esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiLocked-in Syndrome, okanye `(LiS)` ngamafutshane.

Yintoni i-Locked-in Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-locked-in syndrome sisifo se-neurological esingaqhelekanga apho zonke izihlunu zakho zokuzithandela, ngaphandle kwezihlunu ezilawula iintshukumo zamehlo akho, zingasebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukwenza nantoni na ofuna ukuyenza, njengokuhambisa iingalo okanye imilenze yakho, ukuthetha, okanye ukuveza iimvakalelo ngobuso bakho.

Kodwa into emangalisayo kukuba, umntu okule meko unayo yonke imizwa yakhe, ubukrelekrele, kunye nenkumbulo njengesiqhelo. Banokuva kwaye baqonde okwenzekayo kufutshane nabo. Kodwa abanandlela yokusabela kuyo. Kufana nomntu ovaleleke emzimbeni wakhe, ongakwaziyo ukuthetha okanye ukushukuma.

Aba bantu badla ngokunxibelelana ngokushukumisa amehlo abo phezulu nasezantsi, okanye ngokuqhwanyaza, nto leyo abanokuyilawula. Ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekileyo bokuncedisa kule njongo.

Eyona nto ibangela le meko kukonakala kwenxalenye ethile ye-brainstem yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-pons. Siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha kamva.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili ze-locked-in syndrome (LiS) ezichongiweyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

1. Imo yeklasikhi

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, umzimba wonke awushukumi kwaphela. Oko kuthetha ukuba abanakwenza naluphi na ushukumo ngokuzithandela. Nangona kunjalo, banokushukumisa amehlo abo phezulu nasezantsi baze baqhwanyaze. Kwakhona, ingqondo yabo kunye nobukrelekrele babo zihlala ziqhelekile. Banokuva izinto ezenzekayo ezibangqongileyo kakuhle.

2. Ifomu engaphelelanga

Oku kufana nohlobo lweklasikhi. Oko kukuthi, nokuba umzimba wonke awunabomi, amehlo anokunyuka nokuhla, aqhwanyaze. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho intshukumo ethile kunye nemvakalelo eseleyo kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba. Lo ngumahluko omncinci apha.

3. Imo yokungashukumi iyonke

Olu lolona hlobo lunzima nolunqabileyo. Kule meko, umzimba wonke uyakhubazeka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye amandla okushukumisa amehlo ayalahleka. Kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, aba bantu banokucinga okuqhelekileyo kunye nobukrelekrele. Oogqirha bayakuqinisekisa oku ngokuvavanya umsebenzi we-cerebral cortex (umsebenzi we-cortical) ngovavanyo olufana ne-``electroencephalogram - EEG)``, elinganisa amaza obuchopho.

Ngubani onokuba ne-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Enyanisweni, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-locked-in syndrome (LiS) inokwenzeka nakubani na ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nama-50 ubudala .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-Locked-in syndrome (LiS) yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha ifunyaniswa gwenxa okanye icingelwa ngempazamo ukuba yimeko yezonyango, kunzima kubaphandi ukuxela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bangaphi abantu abayihlakulelayo minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba ayiqhelekanga kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Iziphumo emzimbeni zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-locked-in syndrome (LiS) onayo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, xa ubona umntu onesifo sokuvalelwa ngaphakathi, ucinga ukuba akakho zingqondweni, oko kukuthi, ukwi-coma. Oku kungenxa yokuba akakwazi ukuphendula nangayiphi na indlela. Kusemva kwexesha apho uqaphela khona ukuba ukho zingqondweni.

Izinto abantu abaninzi abangenakukwazi ukuzenza:

• Ukutya okuhlafunwayo
• Ukuginya
• Ukuthetha
• Izimbo zobuso (ezifana nokuncuma, ukuziva ulusizi)
• Akukho ntshukumo yomzimba phantsi kwamehlo

Izinto abantu abaninzi abanokuzenza (ngeendlela zakudala nezingaphelelanga):

• Ungawashukumisa amehlo akho phezulu nasezantsi (kodwa ungawashukumisi kwicala ukuya kwelinye, oko kukuthi, ngokuthe tye).
• Ungaqwala.

Izinto wonke umntu (ngazo zonke iindlela) anokuzisebenzisa:

• Ndiyaziva izinto ezenzekayo kufutshane nam, abantu bethetha.
• Ungaqonda xa umntu ethetha okanye efunda into ethile.
• Ungacinga kwaye uqiqe njengoko wawusenza ngaphambi kokuba le meko ivele.
• Imijikelo yokulala nokuvuka iqhelekile.

Ngaba uziva iintlungu nge-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-Locked-In Syndrome (LiS) onayo.

• Umntu ongakwaziyo ukuhamba akaziva iintlungu zomzimba kuba umzimba wakhe wonke awushukumi kwaphela.
• Umntu onesimo esingaphelelanga unokufumana iintlungu kunye nezinye iimvakalelo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Yintoni ebangela i-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko we-locked-in syndrome (LiS) kukonakala kwenxalenye ethile ye-brainstem yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-pons.

Ukonakala kwenxalenye yengqondo ye-pons

Iipons zizinto ezimile okwesihlangu sehashe ezinee-nerve fibers. Ziphakathi kwe-medulla oblongata, eyona ndawo isezantsi ye-brainstem, kunye ne-cerebellum, elawula iintshukumo zomzimba wethu, ingakumbi ukulinganisela.

I-pons yinxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrum, equlethe iindlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zemithambo-luvo ezidibanisa i-cerebrum yethu, i-spinal cord, kunye ne-cerebellum. Kwi-locked-in syndrome, xa i-pons yonakele, zonke iimpawu zemithambo-luvo ezivela ebuchosheni ukuya kwimisipha emzimbeni ziyavalwa. Yiyo loo nto umzimba wonke ukhubazeka. Lo monakalo ukwachaphazela namaziko akwi-brain stem alawula imbonakalo yobuso kunye nentetho. Yiyo loo nto singenakukwazi ukuveza iimvakalelo ngobuso bethu, ukuhlafuna ukutya, ukuginya, okanye ukuthetha.

Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yomonakalo kwi-pons yi -ischemic stroke okanye i-hemorrhagic stroke, echaphazela indlela ye-corticospinal, i-corticopontine, kunye ne-corticobulbar kwi-brainstem.

• I- ischemic stroke kuxa i-blood clot ivala umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni, nto leyo ethintela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi engqondweni.
• Istroke esophayo siqala xa ukopha ngequbuliso kungena engqondweni kuvela kumthambo osebuchotsheni.

Ezinye izizathu zomonakalo kwiiponi

Ukongeza kwistroke, ezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangela umonakalo kwi-pons, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-locked-in syndrome (LiS).

• Usulelo kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho.
• Iithumba okanye uburhabaxa kwi-pons okanye kwi-brain stem.
• Ukususwa kwemyelin kukulahlekelwa sisigqubuthelo sokukhusela (i-myelin) esijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo.
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango, umzekelo , i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) kunye ne-Guillain-Barre syndrome .
• Ukonzakala kwiiponi.
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi .

Ungayiqaphela njani i-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Ngenxa yokuba abantu abane-locked-in syndrome (LiS) abasabeli kwizinto ezibangela iintlungu (oko kukuthi, abanazo iimpendulo zomzimba) ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukujonga ukuba basabela njani, oogqirha banokucinga ngempazamo ukuba abakho zingqondweni. Ke ngoko, ukuxilonga (LiS) ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kwaye kuthathe ixesha.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuxilongeni i-locked-in syndrome (LiS) kukuthintela ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ezi mpawu. Kwakhona, njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sokuxilonga kunye nonyango, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela i-locked-in syndrome.

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze bafumanise isifo esivalelekileyo (i-LiS), bafumane unobangela, baze bagweme ezinye iimeko.

• Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) okanye i-CT (Computed Tomography - CT): Olu vavanyo lunokubona ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-pons yakho okanye kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho bakho.
• I-Cerebral angiography: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ukuba kukho ihlwili legazi kwimithambo yegazi yesiqu sobuchopho okanye kwenye indawo engqondweni.
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Oku kulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babone ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho kunye nemijikelo yokuvuka nokulala kuqhelekile na. Kunokunceda ukwahlula i-LiS kwezinye iimeko.
• Izinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala: Ezi zilinganisa umsebenzi wombane kwiindawo ezithile zengqondo kunye nomqolo ngenxa yezinto ezifana neentlungu, ukuva, okanye izinto ezibangela ukubonwa. Oogqirha bazisebenzisa ukuvavanya iimpendulo ezonakeleyo zesiqu sobuchopho kunye neempendulo eziphilileyo zobuchopho.
• I-Electromyography: Oku kulinganisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo izihlunu zakho kunye nemithambo-luvo. Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziswa ukuthintela umonakalo wezihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Iphaneli ye-metabolic, ingakumbi ngokujonga inqanaba le-sodium egazini, inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pontine myelinolysis yimbangela.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngaba usulelo okanye imeko yokuzikhusela komzimba ibangela iimpawu.

Iphathwa njani i-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Inyaniso kukuba, akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthile lwe-locked-in syndrome (LiS). Into ekuphela kwayo ekufuneka yenziwe, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kukunyangela unobangela wesifo nokuthintela ezinye iingxaki.

Ulawulo lwe-locked-in syndrome lubandakanya unyango oluxhasayo kunye noqeqesho lonxibelelwano .

Unyango oluxhasayo

Ukunyamekela abantu abaphefumla kunye nokondla kubalulekile, ingakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala. Abantu abane-LiS badla ngokufuna inkxaso yokuphefumla eyenziweyo. Bakwanotyando lwe-tracheotomy (ityhubhu efakwa ngomngxuma omncinci entanyeni iye kwi-windpipe).

Ngenxa yokuba akukhuselekanga ukutya okanye ukusela ngomlomo nge-LiS, aba bantu badla ngokuba nombhobho omncinci obizwa ngokuba yi-gastrostomy tube (G-tube) ofakwa ngqo esiswini sabo. Kulapho kunikwa khona ukutya namanzi.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezongezelelweyo ziquka:

• Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinokuvela xa ungashukumi. Umzekelo:Izinto ezifana ne-pneumonia, usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs), kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi (thrombosis).
• Ukuthintela ukwenzakala koxinzelelo/izilonda zokulala .
• Nika unyango lomzimba ukuthintela ukugoba kwamalungu omzimba, okubangelwa kukulahlekelwa kukuhamba okubangelwa kukuqina kwamalungu, izihlunu, okanye izicubu ezithambileyo zamalungu omzimba.
• Nika unyango lomzimba ukuze ubuyisele naziphi na iintshukumo ezincinci ezisele okanye ezibuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo (ukuba zikhona).

Uqeqesho lonxibelelwano

Iingcali zonyango lwentetho zinokunceda abantu abane-locked-in syndrome (LiS) ukuba bathethe ngokucacileyo ngokusebenzisa iintshukumo zamehlo kunye nokuqhwanyaza. Le ndlela yokunxibelelana ikhethekile kumntu ngamnye. Umzekelo, ukujonga phezulu kunokuthetha "ewe" kwaye ukujonga phantsi kunokuthetha "hayi" (okanye ngokuchaseneyo). Kwakhona, xa omnye umntu efunda ileta, banokukwazi ukukhomba ileta abafuna ukuyisebenzisa ukwenza amagama nezivakalisi.

Ukongeza kwimiqondiso yokuhamba kwamehlo, izixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki , ezifana nezinzwa zokuhamba kwamehlo ezi-infrared kunye neeprosthetics zelizwi zekhompyutha, ziye zavumela abantu abaneLiS ukuba banxibelelane ngokukhululekileyo kwaye bafikelele kwi-Intanethi.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kwi-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu se-locked-in syndrome (LiS), ezinye izakhono zokunyakaza zinokubuya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo kunqabile. Abanye abantu abane-LiS banokuba nentshukumo ethile kunye neemvakalelo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wabo.

Abantu abaninzi abaphindi bafumane umsebenzi wemithambo-luvo olahlekileyo, kodwa banokufunda ukunxibelelana ngeentshukumo zamehlo.

Ngaba i-locked-in syndrome (LiS) ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, uninzi lweemeko ze-locked-in syndrome (LiS) azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo sohlangothi, umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-LiS unokwanda.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko wakho westroke kunye neendlela zokunciphisa loo mngcipheko.

Injani imbono yomntu onesifo sokungakhuseleki (i-LiS)?

Ingqikelelo yabantu abane-locked-in syndrome (LiS) ixhomekeke kwisizathu sesi sifo, uhlobo lwesi sifo, kunye nenqanaba lenkxaso kunye nenkathalo abayifumanayo.

Uphando lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba abantu abane-LiS baxele ukuba ubomi babo bonwabileyo nobunentsingiselo ngakumbi, ingakumbi xa befumana iinkonzo ezilungileyo zentlalo kunye netekhnoloji yokulungelelanisa izinto eyabanceda badlale indima eqhelekileyo ekhaya naseluntwini.

Abantu abaninzi abaneLiS banokusebenzisa isitulo esinamavili esinenjini kunye nekhompyutha eneteknoloji yokuguquguquka.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani une-locked-in syndrome (LiS)?

Abanye abantu abane-locked-in syndrome (LiS) abaphili emva kwamanqanaba okuqala esi sifo, ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye baphila iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 kwaye baxela umgangatho wobomi olungileyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani mna, okanye umntu one-LiS?

Ukuba une-locked-in syndrome (LiS), kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo ukuthintela iingxaki ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye nezilonda ezibangelwa kukungashukumi.

Kubalulekile ukufumana iindlela zokunxibelelana – nokuba kukusebenzisa iintshukumo zamehlo okanye ubuchwepheshe bokuncedisa njengobuchwepheshe bokulandelela amehlo. Cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso ukuze udibane nabanye abaye baba namava afanayo.

Ukuba unyamekela umntu one-`(LiS)` , kubalulekile ukuba umkhuthaze ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana unyango olungcono kwaye banokufikelela kubuchwepheshe obunceda ukuba banxibelelane kwaye bazimele ngakumbi.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Locked-in Syndrome (LiS) yimeko engaqhelekanga nenzima. Ukufumana uxilongo olufana nolu kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, iqela lakho lezonyango likho ukuze likuxhase wena kunye nabantu obathandayo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokufumana unyango olufanelekileyo nokufunda iindlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana xa uhlala ne-LiS.

Ngenxa yokhathalelo oluphambili oluxhasayo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje, abantu abaninzi abane-Locked-In Syndrome (LiS) baphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobunentsingiselo. Ngoko ke ungaze ulahle ithemba. Kukho isisombululo sayo yonke ingxaki, indlela yokujongana nayo yonke imingeni.

Isifo Esivaliweyo, iPons, Isifo Sobuchopho, iNeurology, Ukukhubazeka, Unxibelelwano