Ingaba i-hemoglobin ephantsi? Ngaba uzive ubuthathaka? Masifunde ngezizathu, iimpawu, kunye namayeza ngendlela elula!

Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe kwaye ungenabomi ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba uziva ubuthathaka nasemva kokuba wenze umsebenzi omncinci? Mhlawumbi uziva unesizungu okanye ulusu lwakho lubonakala lumhlophe? Esinye sezizathu zezi mpawu kukwehla kwenqanaba le- hemoglobin emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, yintoni le hemoglobin ? Kwenzeka ntoni xa incipha? Kutheni incipha? Yintoni enokwenziwa ngayo? Masithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngendlela elula namhlanje.

🤔 Yintoni le hemoglobin? Kutheni kusithiwa iyehla?

I-Hemoglobin kunye neeseli zegazi ezibomvu

Cinga ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisegazini lethu njengeelori ezincinci. Umsebenzi ophambili wezi lori kukuthatha ioksijini emiphungeni ize iyithumele kuzo zonke ezinye iiseli emzimbeni. Le oksijini ibalulekile kwiiseli zethu ukuze zisebenze kwaye zivelise amandla.

Ngoko ke, iproteni ekhethekileyo ethwala ioksijini ngaphakathi kwezi seli zibomvu zegazi ibizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin . Ihemoglobin inesinyithi , kwaye iimolekyuli zeoksijini zinamathela kuloo sinyithi. Le hemoglobin yiyo enika iiseli ezibomvu zegazi umbala wazo obomvu.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-hemoglobin iyancipha?

Ukuba ngesizathu esithile inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziveliswa emzimbeni wakho liyancipha, okanye ukuba inani le-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwezo seli ezibomvu zegazi liyancipha, inani leoksijini enokuthwalwa kuwo wonke umzimba nalo liyancipha. Njengokuba inani leelori zeoksijini lincipha, okanye inani leoksijini enokulayishwa kwilori enye liyancipha.

Xa iiseli zethu zingenayo ioksijini, siqala ukuba neempawu ezinje ngokudinwa, ubuthathaka, ukuphefumla nzima , kunye nesiyezi. Ezi mpawu zinokunyuka njengoko amanqanaba ethu e-hemoglobin ehla.

Ngawaphi amanqanaba aqhelekileyo nayingozi?

Amanqanaba e-hemoglobin alinganiswa ngeegrama nge-deciliter nganye (gm/dL). Amanqanaba e-hemoglobin aqhelekileyo kumntu ophilileyo ayahluka kancinci ngokwesini:

• Amadoda: Ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe-14.0 gm/dL kunye ne-17.5 gm/dL.
• Abafazi: Ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe-12.3 gm/dL kunye ne-15.3 gm/dL.

(La maxabiso anokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwilabhoratri).

“I-hemoglobin ephantsi” kuxa amanqanaba e-hemoglobin ehla ngaphantsi kwala maxabiso aqhelekileyo. Ukuhla okungaphantsi kwe-13 gm/dL kwindoda kunye nokuhla okungaphantsi kwe-12 gm/dL kwibhinqa kuthathwa njengokwehla okukhulu. Ukuhla okuphantsi kakhulu kunoko kunokuba yingozi.

Ungayijonga njani ukuba i-hemoglobin yakho iphantsi?

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokufumanisa kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi. Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho kwaye kulinganiswa ubungakanani be-hemoglobin ekuyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin . Ngamanye amaxesha, iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne -hemoglobin electrophoresis, zinokwenziwa ukujonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.

📉 Zithini izizathu ezinokubangela i-hemoglobin ephantsi?

Izizathu zokuba amanqanaba e-hemoglobin aphantsi zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi eziphambili:

Iindidi eziQhelekileyo

1. Ukungazenzi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo: Umongo wamathambo ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ukuba umsebenzi walo mongo uphazamiseka ngenxa yesifo okanye imeko ethile, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunokuncipha.
2. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ziveliswa: Ukuba umzimba uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kodwa ziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza, ukulahleka akunakuthathelwa indawo.
3. Ukulahleka Kwegazi: Nokuba kungenxa yokwenzakala, ukopha ngaphakathi (umz., ngenxa yesilonda esiswini), okanye ukuba abafazi bopha kakhulu ngexesha lokuya exesheni, i-hemoglobin kunye ne-iron nazo ziyalahleka emzimbeni kunye negazi.
4. Ukungakwazi ukufunxa isinyithi ngokufanelekileyo: Isinyithi sibalulekile ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin. Ukuba isinyithi esivela ekutyeni asifunxwanga ngokufanelekileyo, ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin kuyancipha.
5. Ukungabikho kwezondlo ezibalulekileyo: I-iron kunye ne-vitamin B12 (I-Vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B9 (folate) nazo zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokufanelekileyo. Ukungafumani ezi zinto zaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho kunokubangela amanqanaba aphantsi e-hemoglobin.

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimeko ezithile zempilo kunye nezizathu ezinxulumene nale miba iphambili.

Izinto ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi

• I-Lymphoma: Lo ngumhlaza okhula kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic. Ukuba ezi seli zomhlaza zisasazeka ziye kumongo wethambo, ziphazamisana nokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• I-Leukemia: Lo ngumhlaza owenzeka egazini nasemongweni wethambo. Xa iiseli zomhlaza zizalise umongo wethambo, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo kuyehla.
• I-anemia: I-anemia ligama eliqhelekileyo lokwehla kwe-hemoglobin. Oku kunokwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Imizekelo:
  • I-Aplastic Anemia: Imeko apho umongo wethambo ungavelisi iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo kwiiseli ezisisiseko.
  • I-Pernicious Anemia: Esi sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esithintela umzimba ekufumaneni i-vitamin B12. Ngaphandle kwe-B12, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi azinakuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo.
  • I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron: Le yimeko apho umzimba ungakwazi ukuvelisa i-hemoglobin ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-iron. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu.
• I-Multiple Myeloma: Kule meko, iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga zenzeka kumongo wethambo, eziphazamisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Le yimeko apho iiseli ze-stem kwi-bone mongo zingaphuhli zibe ziiseli zegazi eziphilileyo.
• Isifo Sezintso Esingapheliyo: Izintso zivelisa ihomoni (i-erythropoietin) enika umqondiso kumongo wethambo ukuba wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle, le nkqubo iyaphazamiseka.
• Amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo: Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV anokonakalisa umongo wethambo aze anciphise ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Amayeza eKhemotherapy asetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza anokonakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni kumongo wethambo, nto leyo enciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Izinto ezichaphazela ubomi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi

Ngokwesiqhelo, iseli ebomvu yegazi ihlala egazini lethu kangangeentsuku ezili-120. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha zihlala ziveliswa kumongo wethambo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeemeko ezithile, ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ziyafa ngaphambi kwexesha (i-hemolysis).

• I-spleen ekhulisiweyo / i-splenomegaly:I-spleen ifana nesihluzo emzimbeni wethu. Ibamba kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezindala, ezonakeleyo. Ukuba i-spleen iyakhula ngenxa yezifo ezithile (umz. i-malaria, ezinye izifo zegazi), iqala ukubamba kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko, inciphisa ubomi bayo.
• I-Sickle Cell Anemia: Esi sisifo segazi esizuzwe njengelifa. Kule meko, ukungaqhelekanga kwe-hemoglobin kubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshintshe imilo (zibe njenge-sickle), nto leyo ebangela ukuba ziqhekeke lula kwaye zivaleke kwimithambo yegazi.
• IiThalassemia: Eli likwaliqela leengxaki zegazi ezizuzwe njengelifa. Kule meko, umzimba awukwazi ukuvelisa i-hemoglobin kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokufanelekileyo.

✅ Ungawuphucula njani amanqanaba e-hemoglobin? (Ukhathalelo kunye noNyango)

Unyango lwezonyango: Masinyange unobangela!

I-hemoglobin ephantsi inyangwa ngokufumana unobangela oyintloko nokunyanga loo nobangela. Akulunganga ukuqala ukuthatha iipilisi zesinyithi kwangoko xa uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukuba i-hemoglobin yakho iphantsi. Kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha uze ufumanise ukuba kutheni i-hemoglobin yakho iphantsi.

Umzekelo, ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba inqanaba le-hemoglobin yakho liphantsi ngenxa ye-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, uya kucebisa izongezo ze-iron kunye nokutya okune-iron eninzi. Nje ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-iron kunyangwe, inqanaba le-hemoglobin yakho liya kubuyela esiqhelweni.

Ukuba unobangela kukungabikho kwe-vitamin B12, iya kunyangwa. Ukuba unobangela sisifo sezintso, inaliti yehomoni inganikwa ukunceda ekuveliseni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngelixa inyangwa. Ukuba unobangela ngumhlaza, umhlaza kuya kufuneka unyangwe. Ukuba unobangela sisifo esizuzwe njenge-thalassemia, unyango olufana notofelo-gazi lunokufuneka.

Ngoko ke, indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwisizathu esithile sokuba i-hemoglobin iphantsi.

Singenza ntoni ekhaya?

Ekubeni i-hemoglobin ephantsi idla ngokubangelwa sisifo esinzima, ayinakulawulwa ngamayeza asekhaya kuphela. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane unobangela kwaye ufumane unyango.

Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina ukutya okunesondlo okunempilo (ukutya okunevithamini ezininzi) kunceda ukugcina iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni kunye namanqanaba e-hemoglobin. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwizakhamzimba ezifana ne-iron, i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folate. Nazi ezinye zokutya eziqhelekileyo:

• Inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo), kunye namalungu anjengesibindi.
• Iintlobo zeentlanzi.
• Imifuno eluhlaza (njengespinatshi, ikale, imifuno eluhlaza, njl.njl.).
• Iimbotyi ezifana neelentile, iimbotyi, iitships, kunye neembotyi eziluhlaza.
• Amantongomane neziqhamo ezomisiweyo ezifana neerayisi kunye needati.

Kulungile ukongeza oku kutya ekutyeni kwakho, kodwa ukuba une-hemoglobin ephantsi kakhulu, kusenokufuneka uthathe iipilisi zesinyithi okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho .

🩺 Ufanele ufowunele ugqirha nini?

Ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu...

Ukuba uyazi ukuba unemeko echaphazela amanqanaba akho e-hemoglobin (umz., isifo sezintso, isifo segazi), kwaye iimpawu zakho (ezifana nokudinwa, ukuphefumla kancinci) ziba mandundu kunesiqhelo, bona ugqirha wakho.

✍️ Okokugqibela

Isishwankathelo kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa ukuba inqanaba le-hemoglobin yakho liphantsi kunesiqhelo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke, kuye kwehla. Kodwa oku akusoloko kubangela inkxalabo. Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela inqanaba le-hemoglobin yakho. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zibonisa ixabiso eliphantsi, ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela ukuba yintoni imbangela, ithetha ukuthini, kwaye ungayinyanga njani. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni kukulandela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho kunokuba uzinyange.