Ngaba amadoda anokufumana umhlaza webele? (Umhlaza webele wamadoda) Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Xa sicinga ngomhlaza webele, sicinga ngabafazi, akunjalo? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba esi sisifo esichaphazela abafazi kuphela. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba amadoda anokufumana umhlaza webele (umhlaza webele wamadoda). Yinyani leyo, asiqhelekanga. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-100 abanesi sifo somhlaza webele oyindoda. Kodwa, asinakuyityeshela loo nto kuba inqabile. Ukuba ufumana iqhuma okanye ithumba esifubeni sakho, musa ukulithi "Owu, oku akwenzeki kumadoda." Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisa ugqirha naliphi na iqhuma elirhanelekayo uze ulihlole.

Yintoni umhlaza wamabele wamadoda?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza webele wamadoda kuxa iiseli kwizicubu zebele esifubeni sakho ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki. Amadoda nawo anezicubu zebele, njengabafazi, kodwa ngobuninzi obuncinci. Kukule zicubu apho umhlaza unokukhula khona.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele le meko naseSri Lanka. Kuba, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yeentloni okanye isimo sengqondo esingalunganga sokuba "luhlobo luni lomhlaza webele kumadoda?", abantu abaninzi bayalibazisa ukuya kugqirha nokuba baneempawu. Oku kwandisa amathuba okuba esi sifo sibe sibi.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza webele wamadoda?

Lo mhlaza uqala kwizicubu zebele esifubeni sakho. Amabele amadoda, njengalawo abasetyhini, anee-gland ezincinci ezivelisa ubisi (ii-lobules) kunye neetyhubhu ezincinci (ii-ducts) ezithwala ubisi (ukuba zikhona) ukuya kwi-nipple. Nangona kunjalo, kumadoda, ezi azinkulu kangako, kuba akufuneki zincancise. Ngoko ke, uninzi lwexesha, lo mhlaza uqala kwi-ducts. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili:

• I-Ductal Carcinoma: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lubangela malunga ne-9 kwi-10 yamatyala omhlaza webele wamadoda. Kolu hlobo, umhlaza uqala kwimibhobho ethwala ubisi uze usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zebele. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zolu hlobo:
• I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Umhlaza uqala kwimibhobho uze usasazeke kwizicubu zebele ezijikelezileyo.
• I-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Oku akuxhaphakanga kangako. Apha, umhlaza ungaphakathi kwimibhobho kwaye awukasasazeki ngaphandle kwayo.

• I-Lobular Carcinoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kumadlala avelisa ubisi (ii-lobules). I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma ithetha ukuba isasazeke kwizicwili ezingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo aluqhelekanga kumadoda, kuba amadoda anama-lobules ambalwa kakhulu okanye akanawo kwaphela.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iiseli zomhlaza ngamanye amaxesha zine-receptors ezikhethekileyo ezifana 'nee-antenna'. Xa iihomoni ezithile zibopha kwezi antennae, iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukwahlukana kwaye zikhule ngokukhawuleza. Cinga ngayo njengesitshixo sokufumana isitshixo. Kwiimeko ezininzi zomhlaza wamabele wamadoda,Kukho ii-receptors eziphendula kwiihomoni ze-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-invasive ductal carcinoma kumadoda yi-estrogen receptor-positive (ER+).

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza webele wamadoda?

Amaxesha amaninzi uphawu lokuqala luqhuma elingenazintlungu, eliqinileyo esifubeni, elihlala liphantsi kwengono . Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iqhuma ekhwapheni.
• Ulusu esifubeni lurhabaxa, lufana nexolo loorenji, kwaye lubonakala ngathi yimingxunya.
• Ulusu esifubeni okanye kwingono luba bomvu kwaye lube namaqhuqhuva.
• Ukuva intlungu okanye ukuxinana esifubeni okanye ekhwapheni.
• Ulwelo olucacileyo okanye into efana negazi eliphuma kwingono, okanye ingono eguqulweyo.

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Oku kusandul' ukwenzeka." Yiya kugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wamabele wamadoda?

Ngokuchanekileyo, umhlaza webele ubangelwa lutshintsho kwi-DNA, okanye utshintsho kwi-mutations, kwiiseli zebele. Ezi seli ziguqukileyo ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo, ngaphandle kokufa. Ekugqibeleni, ezi seli zomhlaza ziyadibana ukuze zenze iithumba. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziqwenga zezi thumba zinokuqhekeka zize zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic okanye igazi. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuthiwa ngumhlaza osasazekayo.

Izazinzulu zisaphanda ukuba kutheni iiseli eziphilileyo ziguquka zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.

Izinto Ezinobungozi

Ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ubudala: Umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo uyanda kancinci njengoko ukhula. Umhlaza webele wamadoda udla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Oko akuthethi ukuba awubonakali kubantu abancinci, kodwa umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umama wakho, utata wakho, umnakwenu, udadewenu, okanye umntwana wakho ukhe waba nomhlaza webele okanye umhlaza wesibeleko, usengozini enkulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba eminye imihlaza inokudluliselwa ngeejini.
• Iijini: Utshintsho oluthile kwizakhi zofuzo lunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza webele. Ezona zixhaphakileyo kwezi yi-BRCA1 kwaye ingakumbi i-BRCA2. Ukongeza, utshintsho kwi-gene ye-PTEN kwi-Cowden syndrome, i-gene ye-TP53 kwi-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, kunye ne-gene ye-MMR kwi-Lynch syndrome nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko.
• Ukwanda kwe-hormone ye-estrogen:Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-cirrhosis yesibindi, ukutyeba kakhulu, okanye imeko yemfuza ebizwa ngokuba yi-Klinefelter syndrome, zinokunyusa amanqanaba e-estrogen emzimbeni. Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo nako kunokuba yimbangela.
• Iingxaki zamasende: Usemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba ukhe wasuswa elinye lamasende akho ngotyando (orchiectomy), ukuba ukhe wenzakala kumasende akho, okanye ukuba unesifo esifana ne-orchitis, okanye ukuba unamasende angaphantsi.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ukuba ukhe walufumana unyango ngemitha kwindawo yesifuba, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele unokwanda.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba notshintsho lwemfuza oluyandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza, licebo elihle ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwemfuza. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza webele okanye wesibeleko, olo luphawu lokuba usenokuba notshintsho lwemfuza lwe-BRCA2. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lungabangela kungekuphela nje umhlaza webele, kodwa nomhlaza wesikhumba (melanoma), umhlaza wepancreatic, kunye nomhlaza weprostate.

Ugqirha angakunceda uthathe isigqibo sokuba uvavanyo lwemfuza lufanelekile na kuwe.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko. Emva koko baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze bafumane ukuba unomhlaza webele wamadoda na:

• Uvavanyo lwebele: Ugqirha uza kuchukumisa izicubu zebele lakho aze ajonge naluphi na utshintsho lolusu, amaqhuma, okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-mammogram inokufumanisa uninzi lomhlaza wamabele kumadoda. Oku kuthatha i-X-ray yebele. Ngamanye amaxesha i-ultrasound inokwenziwa ngaphambi okanye emva kwe-mammogram ukuze kufunyanwe okungakumbi ngesiqhuma.
• I-Biopsy: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqiniseka . Ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwiqhuma okanye kwindawo ekrokrisayo aze alithumele kwilebhu ukuze ajonge phantsi kwemakroskopu iiseli zomhlaza.

Kwilebhu, iingcali zezifo zihlola isampuli yezicubu ukuze zibone ukuba inazo na iiseli zomhlaza, kunye nokuba inazo na ii-receptors zehomoni ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, kunye nokuba inazo na i-HER2 receptor (iproteni enceda ukukhula komhlaza). Olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo kakhulu kugqirha wakho ekucwangciseni unyango lwakho.

Amanqanaba omhlaza webele wamadoda

Nje ukuba umhlaza uqinisekiswe, oogqirha baya kugqiba "inqanaba" lawo. Oku kuthetha ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba ukuze babone ukuba lisasazeke kangakanani kwaye linzulu kangakanani. Ngeli xesha, usenokuba nezinye iimvavanyo "zomfanekiso", kunye ne "sentinel node biopsy". Oku kuquka ukususa i-lymph node enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezikufutshane nethumba ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza.

Amanqanaba aphambili omhlaza webele wamadoda ngala:

• Inqanaba 0: Iiseli zomhlaza zingaphakathi kwimibhobho yamabele kuphela. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiDuctal Carcinoma In Situ.
• Inqanaba lokuQala: Ithumba lincinci kwaye alikasasazekanga kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ithumba likhulu kancinci kunenqanaba lokuQala. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisasazeke kwii-lymph nodes ezininzi ze-axillary.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezininzi ze-lymph nodes, ithumba lisenokuba likhulu, kwaye iiseli zomhlaza zisenokuba zisasazeke eludongeni lwesifuba okanye eluswini.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Kumhlaza wamabele wamadoda, iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusasazeka kwawo ngamathambo, imiphunga, nesibindi .

Unyango lomhlaza webele wamadoda lunjani?

Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza kunye nokuba usasazeke kangakanani (inqanaba). Kusenokufuneka ukuba kwenziwe unyango oluninzi ngokulandelelana. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku ngokweenkcukacha.

Utyando

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza webele wamadoda okwinqanaba lokuqala lutyando. Amaxesha amaninzi, lonke ibele liyasuswa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-mastectomy . Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenziwa i-lumpectomy, esusa kuphela i-tumor, kodwa kumadoda, i-mastectomy yeyona ixhaphakileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa i-"radical mastectomy". Kule meko, kususwa yonke izicubu zebele, ii-lymph nodes ezikwikhwapha, kunye nenxalenye yemisipha yesifuba. Kodwa ngoku eyona ixhaphakileyo yi-"modified radical mastectomy." Kule meko, izicubu zemisipha azisuswa, kwaye nenani elincinci lee-lymph nodes liyasuswa.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwemitha yomhlaza webele lusebenzisa i-X-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa emva kokususwa kwe-lumpectomy ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwemitha lunokubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezincinci ezikufutshane nodonga lwesifuba okanye ulusu kwaye azinakususwa ngotyando. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukukhula kweethumba kwakhona.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza akhethekileyo ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wonke. Kwizimila ezikwindawo ethile (ezingenabungozi), i-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze inciphise ithumba. Okanye, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa emva kotyando ngonyango lwemitha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya kwethumba okanye umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Olu nyango alunikwa ngaxeshanye, kodwa lunikwa olunye emva kolunye.

Unyango lwehomoni

Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisebenzisa iihomoni ezifana ne-estrogen ukuze zikhule, oogqirha basebenzisa unyango lweehomoni ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-estrogen okanye ukuthintela iziphumo zayo. I-Tamoxifen liyeza elisetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga umhlaza wamabele wamadoda. Kwakhona, amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-aromatase inhibitors, xa edityaniswe ne-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, anokumisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza ezibangelwa ziihomoni.

Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Unyango olujoliswe kulo lusebenza ngokuphazamisa iinkqubo ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Olu nyango lusebenza kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza. Umzekelo, ezinye iindlela zonyango zisebenza kuphela kumhlaza wamabele one-hormone receptors. Kukwakho neendlela zonyango, ezifana ne-PARP inhibitors, kwiiseli zomhlaza ezine-BRCA gene mutation.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneqhuma elingachazwanga ebeleni lakho elingapheliyo emva kweeveki ezimbini, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Kwakhona, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uhlolwe umhlaza kangaphi.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinomhlaza webele wamadoda? (Ingqikelelo)

Uhlobo lomhlaza kunye nenqanaba okulo lichaphazela kakhulu indlela esiqhubeka ngayo isifo sakho, oko kukuthi, i-prognosis. Ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba, izinga lokunyangwa liphezulu kakhulu.

Uphononongo lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba izinga lokufa kwamadoda anomhlaza webele (ophendula kwiihomoni - uhlobo lwe-`HR+`) ngokwenqanaba lomhlaza yayiku: Kungekapheli iminyaka engama-20 emva kokufunyaniswa kwesi sifo:

• Inqanaba lokuQala: 12.4% bafe ngenxa yomhlaza webele.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ama-26.2% asweleke ngenxa yomhlaza webele.
• Inqanaba lesiThathu: Ama-46% asweleke ngenxa yomhlaza webele.

Ngelishwa, amadoda amaninzi ayalibazisa ukuya kugqirha. Ngenxa yoko, xa efunyaniswa ukuba unesifo somhlaza sele sihambele phambili, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

Yiyo loo nto sithi, ukuba ubona iqhuma elingaqhelekanga ebeleni lakho, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Amadoda amaninzi akacingi ukuba anomhlaza webele. Ngoko ke asenokungaziboni iimpawu. Kodwa amadoda ayawufumana umhlaza webele.Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokusindisa ubomi bakho. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza webele, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokuwubona kwangethuba umhlaza.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezinye zezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Amadoda nawo anokuba nomhlaza wamabele. Nangona kunqabile, musa ukuwutyeshela.
• Iqhuma elingenabuhlungu esifubeni, ingakumbi phantsi kwengono, linokuba luphawu olukhulu. Khangela namaqhuma ekhwapheni, utshintsho lolusu, kunye nokuphuma kolwelo kwingono.
• Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unembali yomhlaza webele, ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala, okanye ukuba uneemeko ezithile zofuzo (i-BRCA).
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungabi nantloni kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Uvavanyo olufana ne-mammogram kunye ne-biopsy lunokuqinisekisa isifo.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, amathuba okuba ifumane unyango aphezulu kakhulu! Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ezinje ngotyando, unyango ngemitha, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwehomoni.

Ukuqaphela oku kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ebomini bakho nakubomi bamanye amadoda obaziyo. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza webele wamadoda , umhlaza webele wamadoda, iimpawu zomhlaza, amaqhuma amabele, umngcipheko womhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-BRCA