Yintoni iMultiple Myeloma? Makhe sithethe ngesi sifo sibi kakhulu!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiMultiple Myeloma? Mhlawumbi igama livakala lingaqhelekanga kuwe, okanye mhlawumbi awukaze uve ngaso kwaphela. Ngokwenene ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga, kodwa onzima ochaphazela igazi lethu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, kuba ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi bakho obungcono kangangoko.

Yintoni iMultiple Myeloma?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba yintoni le multiple myeloma. Ngamafutshane, ngumhlaza okhula kuhlobo lweseli ebizwa ngokuba zii-plasma cells egazini lethu.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Zithini ezi seli zeplasma?" Ezi luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuchaza ngakumbi, ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela , inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-B-cells . Ezi seli zeplasma zezona zenza ii-antibodies , okanye ii-immunoglobulins . Ezi antibodies zezona zilwa neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neentsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu kwaye zisikhusele ekuguleni. Zifana nabagcini bomzimba abancinci emizimbeni yethu.

Ngoko ke, xa kuvela i-multiple myeloma, ezi seli ze-plasma eziphilileyo nezilungileyo ziyatshintsha ngesizathu esithile zibe ziiseli zomhlaza ezingaqhelekanga . Emva koko ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga ziqala ukwahlukana nokwanda ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kolawulo. Iiseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula ngale ndlela zivelisa ii-antibodies ezingaqhelekanga nezingenamsebenzi. Sizibiza ngokuba zii -M proteins .

Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga ziyanda kwaye zivelise iiproteni ze-M, ezinokubangela iingxaki. Zingonakalisa amathambo akho kwaye zichaphazele ukusebenza kwezintso zakho. Zingaphazamisa nokukwazi komongo wethambo ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezisempilweni, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, kunye neeplatelets, ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi.

Ingaba esi sisifo esinganyangekiyo?

Enyanisweni, okwangoku akukho nyango lweMultiple Myeloma. Yinyaniso ebuhlungu leyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , oogqirha banokunyanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neempawu zesi sifo. Banokucothisa nokusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Abantu abaninzi banokuba nexesha lokuchacha ngaphandle kweempawu emva konyango. Sibiza eli lixesha lokuxolelwa . Oko kukuthi, emva konyango, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweempawu ze-multiple myeloma. Kwabanye abantu, eli xesha lokuxolelwa lihlala ixesha elide.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iMultiple Myeloma?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga ngokwenene.Izibalo zibonisa ukuba malunga nabantu abasi-7 kwabayi-100,000 bachaphazeleka sesi sifo minyaka le. Kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantu abayi-100,000 bachaphazeleka sesi sifo. Nangona kungekho datha ichanekileyo yokuba bangaphi abantu abachaphazeleka kweli lizwe lethu, esi sisifo sithathwa njengesifo esingaqhelekanga.

Ngubani onokuthi afumane esi sifo?

I-multiple myeloma ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini . Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba ichaphazela amaqela athile eentlanga ngaphezu kwamanye. Umzekelo, abantu abamnyama banamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana esi sifo kunabantu abamhlophe.

Ngokweminyaka, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwama-40 nama-70. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo xa uxilongwa buphakathi kwama-65 nama-74 eminyaka. Oko kuthetha ukuba bubonakala xa ukhula kancinci.

I-Multiple Myeloma iwuchaphazela njani umzimba?

Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi zinokubonisa iimpawu zokuba banokuba ne-multiple myeloma kwixesha elizayo.

Umzekelo, ukufunxwa komnkantsha wethambo okanye i-biopsy kunokubonisa iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga kunye notshintsho lwemfuza. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba unesifo sangaphambi komhlaza esibizwa ngokuba yi- smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) , esisandulela i-multiple myeloma. Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo lunokufumanisa iiproteni ze-M eziveliswa ziiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga. Esi simo sibizwa ngokuba yi -monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) . Oogqirha baya kukujonga ngokusondeleyo ukuze babone ezi zinto.

Iimpawu ze-multiple myeloma zibonakala kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Zisenokufana neempawu zezinye izifo. Nazi iimeko eziphambili ezinokubangelwa sesi sifo kunye nezizathu zazo:

• I-anemia: Ukungabikho kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kwenzeka kuba iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga zizalisa umongo wethambo, nto leyo ethintela ukuba ungavelisi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni.
• Usulelo lweentsholongwane, ingakumbi i-pneumonia: Ngaphandle kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga ziyanda ngenani, zigquma iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezisempilweni ezilwa nosulelo. Oku kunokwenza kube lula ukuba usulelo lukhule.
• I-Thrombocytopenia: Inani eliphantsi lee-platelet egazini lakho. Ii-platelet ziiseli ezinceda igazi lakho ukuba lijiye. Iiseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga nazo zinokuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwezi platelet.
• Intlungu yamathambo/ukuqhekeka kwamathambo:Iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga zitshabalalisa izicubu zamathambo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amathambo abe buthathaka, abe buhlungu, kwaye aphuke lula. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba zizilonda ze-osteolytic .
• Iingxaki zezintso/ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwazo: Izintso zethu zinoxanduva lokucoca inkunkuma kunye neetyhefu emizimbeni yethu. Iiproteni ze-M zinokuphazamisa inkqubo yokucoca izintso kwaye zonakalise.
• I-Amyloidosis: Oku kwenzeka xa iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga (iiproteni ze-amyloid) zifakwa kwizitho ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• I-Hypercalcemia: I-calcium egqithisileyo evela kumathambo awonakeleyo nabuthathaka iqokelelana egazini.
• I-Hyperviscosity syndrome: Iiproteni ze-M zibangela ukuba igazi lijiye, nto leyo ethetha ukuba intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi.
• I-Cryoglobulinemia: I-multiple myeloma ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukuba iiproteni egazini zihlangane xa kubanda.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeMultiple Myeloma?

I-multiple myeloma inokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa abantu abaninzi baqala ukuva iintlungu zamathambo , ingakumbi emgogodleni nasezimbanjeni. Nazi ezinye iimpawu:

• Ubuthathaka kunye nokuba ndindisholo kwamalungu. Ukuba amathambo omqolo onakele, anokuwa aze acinezele umthambo womqolo.
• Ukudinwa - Oku kuthetha ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu ukuba ungenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, uzive ubuthathaka. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-anemia.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza . Oku kungaba luphawu lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypercalcemia.
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye/okanye ukuziva unxaniwe ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-hypercalcemia.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo .
• Umkhuhlane ongachazwanga . Oku kungaba luphawu losulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane.
• Ukukruquka okanye ukopha okulula. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awukwazi ukwenza iiplatelets ezaneleyo ngenxa yeeseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo , ukungakwazi ukugxila, ukuziva "unenkungu".

Khumbula, ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-multiple myeloma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, kungcono ukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe.

Zithini izizathu zeMultiple Myeloma?

Oogqirha nabaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-multiple myeloma, kodwa kukho izinto abazikrokrelayo nabaphanda ngazo:

• Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo: Kuqhutywa uphando ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kotshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo ezithile ( i-oncogenes ) ezilawula ukukhula kweeseli zethu kunye ne-multiple myeloma. Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba abantu abaninzi abanesi sifo baneendawo ezithile ezilahlekileyo kwiikromosomu ezithile.
• Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuchatshazelwa yimitha, izibulali-zinambuzane, izichumisi, kunye neekhemikhali ezifana ne-Agent Orange nazo zinokuba negalelo.
• Ukuba nesifo sokudumba: Umzekelo, iimeko zokudumba ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, kunye nesifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Oku kuthetha ukuba namafutha amaninzi emzimbeni.

Ezi zizinto ezikrokrelwayo okwangoku. Kodwa akukho nanye kwezi eqinisekisiweyo ukuba yimbangela.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Ugqirha ulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze axilonge i-multiple myeloma.

Okokuqala, uza kuhlolwa umzimba . Iimpawu zakho ziya kuhlolwa ngononophelo. Uza kubuzwa nangembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho. Emva koko, kunokwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ulwazi olufunyenweyo kuzo zonke ezi zinto luya kumisela inqanaba lomhlaza, njengobukhulu bethumba kunye nokuba lisasazeke kangakanani.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Oogqirha benza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuze babone ukuba unayo na i-multiple myeloma, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, nokuba ikwinqanaba lokuqala okanye isasazeke kancinci. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC): Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye nobungakanani be-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwekhemikhali yegazi: Olu luza kujonga inqanaba lakho le-creatinine (elilinganisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo izintso zakho), inqanaba leproteni ye-albumin, inqanaba le-calcium, kunye nenqanaba le-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). I-LDH inokuba luphawu lwethumba.
• Uvavanyo lwe-immunoglobulin yobungakanani: Olu vavanyo lwegazi lulinganisa amanqanaba eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibodies egazini lakho.
• I-Electrophoresis: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba kukho iiproteni ze-M egazini.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Isampulu yomchamo eqokelelwe kwixesha leeyure ezingama-24 iyavavanywa.Ungajonga enye iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiproteni yeBence Jones, enye uphawu lwe-multiple myeloma.
• Ii-X-reyi: Ii-X-reyi zisetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba i-multiple myeloma yonakalise amathambo na.
• I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Olu lolunye uvavanyo lokujonga umonakalo wethambo.
• Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI): Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi enamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zamathambo akho kunye nomqolo. Isetyenziselwa ukukhangela izinto ezifana ne -plasmacytomas , ezingamathumba akhula kwiiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET scan): Olu lolunye uhlobo lwe-scan olusetyenziselwa ukubona i-plasmacytomas.
• Iibhayoloji zomongo wethambo: Oogqirha bathabatha isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo baze bawuhlalutye ukuze babone ipesenti yeeseli zeplasma eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga. Banokujonga notshintsho kwi-DNA olunokukhokelela kumhlaza.

Zichongwa njani izigaba zeMultiple Myeloma?

Oogqirha bamisela inqanaba le-multiple myeloma kunye neminye imidlaza ngokufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye usasazeke kangakanani. Eli nqanaba lisetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango. Inkqubo yokumisela inqanaba le-multiple myeloma iqala ngokwahlula esi sifo sibe sinye kwiindidi ezine:

1. I-MGUS (i-Monoclonal Gammopathy yoBukhulu obungachazwanga): Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ubungakanani obuncinci beproteni ye-M. Malunga ne-1% - 2% yabantu abane-MGUS banokufumana i-multiple myeloma.

2. Iiplasmacytomas ezizimeleyo okanye ezizimeleyo: La ngamaqoqo eeseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga ezizenzeka zodwa, kwindawo enye.

3. I-SMM (i-Smoldering Multiple Myeloma): Le yimeko engaphambi komhlaza eyandulela i-Multiple Myeloma. Abantu abane-SMM banokuba neempawu ezingephi, kwaye babonise inani elincinci leproteni ye-M egazini kunye nokwanda kweeseli zeplasma kumongo wethambo.

4. I-Multiple Myeloma: Olu hlobo luthetha ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa amaqela amaninzi eeseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga, amanqanaba aphezulu e-M protein egazini okanye emchameni, kunye nepesenti ephezulu yeeseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga kumongo wethambo. Aba bantu badla ngokuba ne-anemia, i-hypercalcemia, ukusilela kwezintso, kunye nezilonda ze-osteolytic.

Emva koko, oogqirha basebenzisa iRevised International Staging System (R-ISS).Inqanaba le-multiple myeloma lichongwa kusetyenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-R-ISS system. Le nkqubo isekelwe kumanqanaba e-albumin, i-beta-2 microglobulin, kunye ne-lactate dehydrogenase egazini. Ikwaqwalasela uvavanyo lwezinto ezithile ezingaqhelekanga kwi-gene.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweMultiple Myeloma?

Oogqirha banyanga i-multiple myeloma ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nobungakanani besifo. Umzekelo, abantu abane-MGUS abadli ngokufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kodwa ugqirha wabo uya kujonga impilo yabo rhoqo. Banokwenza nesicwangciso sonyango sokuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu ziyavela.

Ukuba uneempawu ze-multiple myeloma, oogqirha banokusebenzisa olu nyango:

• Amayeza eentlungu: Abantu abaninzi bayawadinga la mayeza kuba beva iintlungu eziqatha emathanjeni.
• Ii-antibiotics: Njengoko inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isiya isiba buthathaka, amathuba okusuleleka ayanda. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika ii-antibiotics ukunyanga ezi zifo.
• IiSteroids: IiSteroids, xa zinikwa ngeedosi eziphezulu, zinokubulala iiseli zomhlaza kwaye zinciphise ukudumba.
• I-Chemotherapy: I-Chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa inani leeseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu nyango luvuselela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba yenze iiseli ezininzi ezilwa nomhlaza.
• Unyango ngemitha: Olu nyango lutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kwaye lunciphisa iithumba zamathambo.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli zestem: Iiseli zestem luhlobo lweeseli ezikhethekileyo ezifumaneka kumongo okanye egazini lethu. Zinokunceda ekwenzeni iiseli zeplasma ezintsha neziphilileyo. Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa ukufakelwa kweeseli zestem ze-autologous . Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iiseli zestem eziphilileyo ezivela emzimbeni wakho ukuze zithathe indawo yeeseli zestem ezonakeleyo okanye ezingaphilanga kakuhle. Amaxesha amaninzi, iiseli zestem eziphilileyo zinokufunyanwa komnye umntu onikelayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-allogenic stem cell transplant .

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani neMultiple Myeloma?

Abanye abantu bahlala ne-multiple myeloma kangangeminyaka eli-10 nangaphezulu. Njengakwimihlaza emininzi, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwangoko kubalulekile.Oku kunceda abantu baphile ixesha elide. Umzekelo, malunga nama-78% abantu abane-plasmacytoma enye basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba bane-myeloma. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kubantu abane-multiple myeloma liqala kwi-40% ukuya kwi-82%. La manani asekelwe kwinkqubo ye-R-ISS staging ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

Kodwa khumbula, la manani angumndilili. Awacingi ngeminyaka yakho okanye impilo yakho iyonke, nto leyo exhomekeke kuwe. Ukuba une-multiple myeloma, ugqirha wakho angakunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa ukuba kwenzeke?

Hayi, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukukhula kwe-multiple myeloma. Abaphandi bazama ukufumana iindlela zokuthintela inqanaba langaphambi komhlaza elibizwa ngokuba yi-SMM (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma) ekubeni yi-multiple myeloma esebenzayo.

Uzinyamekela njani?

I-multiple myeloma ichaphazela wonke umntu ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, abantu abane-MGUS okanye i-SMM basenokungadingi unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kodwa kuya kufuneka babone ugqirha wabo rhoqo ukuze bavavanywe. Ukuba uphilile kwi-multiple myeloma, ugqirha wakho uya kucwangcisa uhlolo kunye novavanyo olusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ukuba uhlala neMultiple Myeloma, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze ugcine impilo yakho iyonke:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo yonke imihla. I-multiple myeloma inokubangela ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya. Ngoko zama ukutya izidlo ezine ukuya kwezintlanu ezincinci ngemini.
• Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, zama ukuyeka.
• Nika umzimba wakho ukuphumla okufunekayo kwaye ulale kakuhle.
• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane. Buza ugqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuthintela izifo.
• Yenza umthambo, kodwa buza ugqirha wakho kuqala. Uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomthambo olulungele wena.
• Nika ingqalelo kwimpilo yakho yengqondo. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi, uxhalabile, kwaye udandathekile xa ujongene nemeko efana nale. Kodwa ukuba olu sizi okanye ixhala lihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, okanye liphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba.
• Ukuba uphilile , ungavuya ukuba unyango luphelile. Kodwa usenokuba nexhala lokuba umhlaza uza kubuya. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngemeko yakho kunye nento onokuyilindela kwixesha elizayo.

I-multiple myeloma ngumhlaza wegazi ongaqhelekanga. Nangona ingenakunyangwa, oogqirha banokunyanga iimeko ezinxulumene nayo, iimpawu, kwaye balawule ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Abanye abantu baphila nesi sifo iminyaka emininzi. Abanye baphila ubomi obulula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphila nomhlaza ongapheliyo kwaye onokubuya akulula. Kuthetha ukuphila ngonyango kunye novavanyo yonke imihla yobomi bakho. Oogqirha bayayiqonda le mingeni. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokufunda ukuhlala ne-multiple myeloma, buza ugqirha wakho. Banokukuxelela ngeenkonzo kunye neenkqubo eziluncedo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo esifuna ukuyithatha ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo zezi:

• I-Multiple Myeloma ngumhlaza wegazi ongaqhelekanga okhula kwiiseli zeplasma .
• Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango lunokulawula iimpawu, lwandise ixesha lokuphila, kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi .
• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentlungu zamathambo, ukudinwa kakhulu, okanye usulelo oluqhelekileyo , bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Okukhona ukuxilongwa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele.
• Xa uphila nesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzinyamekela kakuhle, ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho, kwaye uhlale uqinile engqondweni .

Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Isayensi yezonyango iqhubela phambili, kwaye unyango olutsha luphuma rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho kunye neqela lezempilo bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda.

i - myeloma eninzi, iiseli zeplasma, umhlaza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, iproteni ye-M, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza