Ingaba kubonakala ngathi kwakheka imithambo yegazi emitsha ngaphakathi kweliso lakho? Singathetha ngale nto yokukhula kwemithambo yegazi kweliso?

Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo ethu afumana iingxaki ezingalindelekanga, akunjalo? Ngequbuliso, umbono wethu uba luzizi, okanye amehlo ethu abe bomvu kwaye abe buhlungu. Kusenokuba kukho imeko engasemva kwezi zinto esingazivanga kangako ngayo. Enye yeemeko ezinjalo kukukhula kwemithambo yegazi, okanye ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ngaphakathi kweliso.

Yintoni ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha elisweni? (Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi elisweni)

Ngamafutshane, kulapho kwakheka khona imithambo yegazi emitsha ngaphakathi kweliso. Nangona kunjalo, le mithambo yegazi ikhula kwiindawo ekungafanelekanga ukuba ikhule kuzo, ngeendlela ekungafanelekanga ukuba ikhule ngazo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngokugqithisileyo . Ikhula njengokhula. Izicubu ezintsha ezinemicu zinokwakheka phakathi kwale mithambo yegazi mitsha. Kulapho umbono uqala ukuchaphazeleka khona.

Oku koko sikubiza ngokwezonyango ngokuthi "iNeovascularization", ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha engafunekiyo ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvuvukeni nasekuqhekekeni kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo ekugqibeleni enokubangela ukulahleka kombono okunciphileyo okanye okupheleleyo . Ngokuqhelekileyo, le meko ibangelwa kukwenzakala okanye isifo esiqhubekayo.

Le mithambo yegazi mitsha ingenzeka phi emehlweni?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iindawo zeliso ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke yile mithambo yegazi mitsha. Iliso sisitho esintsonkothileyo nesithambileyo.

• I-Choroid: Le iphakathi kwe-retina kunye ne-sclera, inxalenye emhlophe yeliso. Kulapho uninzi lwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi elisweni ikhoyo.
• I-Retina: Kulapho ukukhanya okungena elisweni kuguqulwa khona kube ziimpawu zombane kuze kuthunyelwe engqondweni. Yiyo le nto esivumela ukuba sibone izinto.
• I-Macula: Le ikwimbindi we-retina. Isinceda sibone izinto eziphambi kwethu ngokucacileyo.
• I-Iris: Le yinxalenye yeliso elinika umbala walo. Isangqa esincinci esimnyama esiphakathi, esiluphawu lwempundu , sikwakho apha.
• I-Cornea: Le yinxalenye yeliso ecacileyo, efana neglasi ngaphambili, njengefestile.
• I-Conjunctiva: Le yinwebu encinci ekhusela iliso.

Ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kumaleko wemithambo yegazi `(Choroidal Neovascularization - CNV)`

Ngoku makhe sijonge le `(Choroid)`, oko kukuthi, ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kumaleko wemithambo yegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi`(Choroidal Neovascularization - CNV)`.

Oku kubonakala kakhulu kubantu abane-age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba unobangela kukunyuka kwamanqanaba ekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yiVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), eveliswa yi-retina yomntu one-AMD.

Le mithambo yegazi mitsha ayiqhelekanga. Ibuthathaka kakhulu, njengombhobho oqhekekileyo.Oku kunokubangela ukuba ulwelo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha negazi, lingene kwi-retina. Cinga ngayo njengebhaluni encinci egcwele amanzi, kwaye i-blister inokwenzakala kwi-retina.

Ezi zizathu ze-`(CNV)` zinokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi emitsha yenziwe kwi-retina ephakathi (i-Macular Neovascularization - MNV). Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha i-`(MNV)` inokwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Idiopathic)`, oko kuthetha "isizathu esingaziwayo".

Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi kwi-corneal

Okulandelayo, masithethe ngokwenziwa kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-cornea. Khumbula, i-cornea yinxalenye ecacileyo yeliso. Ngokwesiqhelo, ayinayo imithambo yegazi konke konke. Yiyo loo nto icacile kangaka. Ngoko ke, ukuba imithambo yegazi emitsha iyenzeka kuyo, loo ngcaciso inokuphazamiseka, kwaye inokubonakala njengenkungu. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umbono ungabonakali.

Le "Corneal Neovascularization" inxulunyaniswa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zamehlo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi kwi-retinal

I-retinal neovascularization kukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha engaqhelekanga kwi-retina. Khumbula, i-retina kulapho kukho khona iiseli ezibona ukukhanya. Le meko inokubangelwa zizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenzakala. Le mithambo yegazi mitsha ibuthathaka kwaye inokopha kwaye ivuza ulwelo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi ye-Iris

I-Iris Neovascularization kukuphuhliswa kwemithambo yegazi emitsha nengaqhelekanga kwi-iris - inxalenye yeliso enika umbala kweliso. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiRubeosis Iridis. Inxulunyaniswa nohlobo olubi lwe-glaucoma ebizwa ngokuba yiNeovascular Glaucoma. I-Glaucoma sisifo esonakalisa i-optic nerve kwaye sisongelo olukhulu ekuboneni.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu esizivayo nesizibonayo xa kwakheka imithambo yegazi emitsha ngaphakathi kweliso. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho imithambo yegazi emitsha yakheke khona.

Ukuba imithambo yegazi emitsha iyenzeka kwi-choroid nakwi-macula:

• Izinto ozibonayo zinokubonakala zigqwethekile kwaye zigqwethekile , njengokubheka emanzini okanye ngesipili esigqwethekileyo.
• Xa ujonge phambili, ungabona indawo engenanto okanye ibala elimnyama phakathi kwamehlo akho.

Ukuba imithambo yegazi emitsha ivele kwi-cornea (i-Corneal Vascularization):

Usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu konke konke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo, ungahlangabezana nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Ububomvu bamehlo.
• Amehlo anamanzi.
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni (Photophobia) - Oku kuthetha ubunzima bokujonga izinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kunye nezibane ezikhanyayo.
• Ukuba unxiba iilensi zokunxibelelana, usenokungakwazi ukuzinxiba ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbalwa.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba kutheni imithambo yegazi emitsha isenzeka ngaphakathi kweliso ngale ndlela, kwaye zithini izizathu. Izizathu zale mithambo yegazi zahlukile kancinci kwindawo nganye.

Izizathu zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-choroid nakwi-macula:

• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Le yeyona nto ibangela oku.
• Ukubona izinto ezikufutshane kakhulu.
• I-histoplasmosis yeliso sisifo sefungus esibangelwa yiliso.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo.
• Imigca ye-Angioid: Ezi zifana nemingxunya eyenzeka kwenye yeengqimba ze-retina.
• I-Uveitis: Eli liqela lezifo zamehlo ezinokubangela ukudumba ngaphakathi kweliso, ukuba bomvu, kunye nentlungu yeliso.

Izizathu zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-cornea:

• Izifo zokuzalwa: Ezi zizifo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Umzekelo, ukutsha ngamakhemikhali.
• I-keratitis eyosulelayo.
• Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani.
• Izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nokuvuvukala.
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwee-contact lenses kunokubangela ukunqongophala kwe-oxygen kwizicwili (i-Hypoxia).
• Ukwaliwa kwe-graft ye-cornea ngumzimba.

Izizathu zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-retina:

• I-retinitis.
• I-Retinopathy: Oku kuquka iimeko ezifana ne-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile, i-sickle cell retinopathy, kunye ne-retinopathy yobuntwana ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi ephambili entanyeni yakho (imithambo ye-carotid).
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi kwi-retina: Oku kukuvaleka komthambo wegazi kwi-retina.

Izizathu zemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-iris:

• I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal ephakathi.
• I-Ocular ischemic syndrome: Imeko ebangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi eliya elisweni.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal: Oku kwenzeka xa i-retina yahlukana nezicubu zayo ezixhasayo.
• I-Uveitis.

Uyibona njani le nto? Zithini iimvavanyo?

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha uyixilonga njani kanye kanye? Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zaloo nto.

• Uvavanyo lwamehlo olunezikhewu ezivulekileyo:Kule meko, amaconsi eliso afakwa esweni, umfundi uyakhula, kwaye ingaphakathi leliso lihlolwe ngononophelo ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo, esinjenge-microscope.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Oku kufana nokuskena ngaphakathi kweliso. Kungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yeengqimba ezingaphakathi kweliso. Kunokukhangela izinto ezifana nemithambo yegazi emitsha kunye nokuvuza kolwelo.
• I-Fluorescein angiography okanye i-Indocyanine green angiography: Oku kuquka ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho nokuthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kungabonisa ngokucacileyo izinto ezifana nokuvaleka kunye nokuvuza kwemithambo yegazi.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango lwale meko luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nenxalenye yeliso echaphazelekileyo. Olu nyango ludla ngokuquka amayeza kunye/okanye i-ablation, etshabalalisa imithambo yegazi emitsha nengaqhelekanga.

Iintlobo zamayeza:

Ezinye zezi zi-intravitreal injections ezifakwa ngqo emehlweni. Ezi zisebenza ngokulawula ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-VEGF kunye nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha.

• `Bevacizumab (Avastin®)` (Oku kusetyenziswa `(ngaphandle kweleyibhile)`, oko kuthetha ukuba akusiyo yesifo esivunyiweyo, kodwa kuba kwaziwa ukuba iluncedo)
• `Brolucizumab (Beovu®)`
• `Aflibercept (Eylea®)`
• `Ranibizumab (Lucentis®)`
• Unyango lwe-gene: Le yindlela entsha yonyango esekwinqanaba lophando.
• Izithinteli zeMMP: Umzekelo, ipilisi ebizwa ngokuba yiDoxycycline , enikwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-cornea.

Iindlela zokutshabalalisa izicubu ezingaqhelekanga:

• Unyango lwe-laser ablation: Oku kusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser "ukutshisa" nokutshabalalisa imithambo yegazi emitsha.
• Unyango lwe-Photodynamic (PDT): Oku kuquka ukufaka iyeza elinokukhanya okubonakalayo emehlweni, uze ukhanyise ukukhanya okukhethekileyo emehlweni ukuze kutshatyalaliswe imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga.
• Ukucoca ngeCauterization: Le ndlela isebenzisa ubushushu ukunyanga imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga.

Kwakhona khumbula: Olu nyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Umzekelo, ii-steroids kunye namayeza alwa ne-VEGF anokuba nemiphumo emibi echaphazela umzimba wonke. Kwakhona, xa zitshabalalisa imithambo yegazi, izicubu ezisempilweni zinokonakala ngamanye amaxesha. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zonyango ngalunye nogqirha wakho kwaye ukhethe olulungele wena.

Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kule meko?

Nangona le meko ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sinyamekele amehlo ethu size sinciphise umngcipheko:

• Ngaphambi kokuba ujongane emehlweniHlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha.
• Ukuba unxiba iilensi zokunxibelelana, landela imiyalelo echanekileyo yokuzisebenzisa nokuzicoca. Musa ukuzinxiba ixesha elide kunexesha elimiselweyo. Zisuse xa ulele.
• Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokutya kunye nezongezo ezinokunceda ukugcina amehlo akho esempilweni. Kubantu abane-AMD, kukho uhlobo lwesongezo olubizwa ngokuba yi-AREDS 2 olunokunceda ekumiseni okanye ekulawuleni ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kwizigaba zaso zokuqala.
• Landela imikhwa yokuphila enempilo. Oku kuthetha ukutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo , nokuphepha ukutshaya. Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo, ezinje ngesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle.

Yintoni enokulindelwa ngale meko?

Ukuba olu hlobo lwemithambo yegazi olutsha alunyangwa, ukubona kwakho kuya kuncipha kancinci kancinci kuze ekugqibeleni kuphele. Oko kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ebomini bakho, akunjalo?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukuba unyango luza kuphumelela na. Ezi ziquka apho igazi liqhekeka khona, ukuba libi kangakanani, ubudala bakho, kunye nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo. Okukhona lifunyaniswa lize linyangwe ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona, uva iintlungu eziqatha emehlweni, okanye uziva ukutshisa emehlweni okwenza kube nzima ukubona ukukhanya, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho (umz., umbono ofipheleyo, amabala amnyama), okanye naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ocinga ukuba zinokuba yingxaki, bona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.

Kubalulekile nokuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho wamehlo. Ukuba usengozini yokuba neengxaki ezithile zamehlo (umz. isifo seswekile, imbali yosapho lwakho ene-AMD), kunokufuneka uye rhoqo.

Ingaba "iNeovascularization" kunye "neAngiogenesis" zizinto ezahlukeneyo?

Le yingxaki enzulu kancinci, kodwa ukuyibeka ngokulula, `(Angiogenesis)` yinkqubo yemithambo yegazi emitsha ephuma kwimithambo yegazi ekhoyo. `(Vasculogenesis)` yinkqubo yemithambo yegazi emitsha eqala kwiiseli (ngokungathi iqala ekuqaleni). `(Neovascularization)` ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imithambo yegazi emitsha ngeendlela zombini. Ngoko ke `(Neovascularization)` ligama elibanzi kancinci, kwaye linokubandakanya zonke ezi ntlobo zokwenziwa kwemithambo yegazi emitsha.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali zezi:

Ngoko ke, sithethe kakhulu ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Neovascularization of the Eye", apho kwakheka khona imithambo yegazi emitsha ngaphakathi kweliso. Nangona oku kunokubonakala kuyoyikisa kancinci, ukuba kuyaqatshelwa kwaye kunyangwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba imeko ingalawuleka kwaye umbono ungagcinwa.

• Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni, ukuba bomvu, intlungu, okanye ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, musa ukulibazisa. Bona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba uneemeko ezifana nesifo seswekile, i-hyperopia, okanye imbali yosapho lwakho ye-AMD, jonga amehlo akho rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
• Sebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo, landela imiyalelo yakhe, kwaye ungayeki unyango phakathi.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana ne-AMD kunye nesifo samehlo seswekile.
• Ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo akulunganga emehlweni akho kuphela, kodwa nakumzimba wakho wonke. Faka imifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo, kunye neentlanzi ezityebileyo kwi-omega-3 ekutyeni kwakho.

Khumbula, amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu. Ayeyona nto ibalulekileyo esinayo ukuze sibone ihlabathi. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwakho ukuwanyamekela kakuhle. Ukuba uyazi kwangaphambili kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo, ungaphepha iingxaki ezininzi.

Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeliso, izifo zamehlo, umbono, i-retina, i-ophthalmology, unyango lwamehlo