Ngaba unengxaki ngenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo? Masithethe ngogqirha wezifo zengqondo!

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yeyona nkqubo imangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Ilawula yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyivayo, nesiyenzayo. Ngoko ke nengxaki encinci kule nkqubo yemithambo-luvo inokuphazamisa usuku lwethu lonke. Usenokuba ukhe wahlangabezana nezinto ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu kunye nokungaziva kakuhle kwamalungu akho. Kulapho ke kufuneka sicinge ngogqirha wemithambo-luvo.

Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zengqondo?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha oxilonga, onyanga, aze alawule izifo ezinxulumene nengqondo yethu, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu wonke . Inkqubo yeemvakalelo ifana 'neziko lomyalelo' lomzimba wethu. Yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyivayo, nesiyenzayo, ukususela kwindlela esishukumisa ngayo izandla zethu ukuya kwindlela intliziyo yethu ebetha ngayo, ilawulwa yile nkqubo. Ngoko ke aba gqirha bayiqonda kakuhle indlela eyakhiwe ngayo, umsebenzi, kunye nezifo zenkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Ngaba ke zikhona neengcali ze-neurological zabantwana abancinci?

Ewe, ngenene! Kwanabantwana abancinci banokuba neengxaki ngenkqubo yabo yemithambo-luvo. Ingcali yemithambo-luvo yabantwana ngugqirha oxilonga aze anyange izifo zengqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo yabantwana, ukusuka kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa ukuya kubantwana abancinci. Kunye nezinye izifo ezichaphazela abantu abadala, aba gqirha banika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiimeko zofuzo nezokukhula ezikhethekileyo kubantwana. Cinga nje, ezinye iintsana zinokuzalwa zineengxaki ezithile zobuchopho. Kulapho olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu khona.

Ngubani uGqirha weeNtsholongwane?

Kunokubakho ukudideka apha. Ingcali yezifo zengqondo kunye ne-Neurosurgeon ngabantu ababini abahlukeneyo. Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha owenza utyando engqondweni, emgogodleni, nakwimithambo-luvo. Kukho izifo ezithile zezifo zengqondo ezingenakuphiliswa ngamayeza kuphela kwaye zifuna utyando. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka iinkonzo zengcali yezifo zengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo oqala ngokuxilonga isifo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, athumele isigulana kugqirha otyandayo.

Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa yingcali yezifo zengqondo?

Enyanisweni, uluhlu lwezifo ezinyangwa yingcali yezifo zengqondo lubanzi kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zezona zibalulekileyo.

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngesi sifo. Uphawu oluphambili kukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kancinci kancinci njengoko ukhula.
• I-ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis): Esi sisifo apho izihlunu zomzimba zibuthathaka kancinci kancinci.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo nomqolo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi: Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthe wangqubana nentloko yakho kwingozi okanye ukuba kukho into eyenzeka kumqolo wakho.
• Iingxaki zeCerebral Aneurysms kunye neeNtshukumo zeArteriovenous: Ezi ziimeko eziyingozi kakhulu ezinokubangela ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• I-Cerebral Palsy kunye ne-Spasticity: Ezi zidla ngokuchongwa kwasebuntwaneni.
• Ukubetheka kwengqondo: Impembelelo yexeshana engqondweni ebangelwa kukubetheka entloko. Oku kunokwenzeka ngelixa udlala imidlalo.
• I-Encephalitis: Usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane engena engqondweni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ingqondo idumbe.
• Isifo sokuwa: Sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-seizure, sibangelwa kukutshintsha komsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
• Iintlungu zobuso: Abanye abantu bafumana iintlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo kwelinye icala lobuso babo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu/Iimigraines: Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ezinye iintloko ezibuhlungu zinzima kakhulu.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Ukuqokelelana kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• I-Meningitis: Ukudumba kwee-membrane ezijikeleze ingqondo okubangelwa lusulelo.
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo nokuziphatha: Ezinye iingxaki zengqondo zinokuchaphazeleka lutshintsho kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis: Esi sisifo esibangela umonakalo kwisigqubuthelo sokukhusela esijikeleze imicu yemithambo-luvo.
• I-Myasthenia Gravis kunye ne-Myopathies: Ezi zizifo ezenza izihlunu zibe buthathaka.
• Intlungu yentamo, umqolo, kunye nomqolo: Abantu abaninzi bahlushwa zezi ntlungu.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Iimpawu ziquka ukungcangcazela kunye nokuhamba kancinci.
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo emilenzeni. Oku kunokwenzeka kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Iingxaki zokulala: Ukungalali kakuhle nako kunokuba yingxaki yemithambo-luvo.
• Istroke: Imeko eyenzeka xa igazi lihamba engqondweni okanye umthambo wegazi uqhuma.
• Ukungcangcazela, iDystonia: Izinto ezinje ngokungcangcazela kwamalungu omzimba, ukushukuma okungafunekiyo kwamalungu athile omzimba.
• Iithumba ezikwingqondo, emgogodleni, nakwimithambo-luvo: Ezi zikwafuna ingqalelo yengcali yezifo zengqondo.

Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ifumanisa njani ngokuchanekileyo isifo?

Xa ubona ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango, nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nale meko ifanayo, ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye neempawu zakho zangoku . Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Izinto eziphambili abaza kuzikhangela zezi:

• Ukulinganisela komzimba wakho, ukusabela komzimba, kunye nokuhambahamba.
• Amandla emisipha yakho.
• Imeko yakho yengqondo.
• Ukubona kwakho, ukuva kwakho, kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuthetha.
• EyakhoIimvakalelo zomzimba.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo lunokwenziwa ukujonga ubukhali besifo okanye ukujonga amanqanaba amayeza. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba isifo sidluliselwa kwilifa na. Izifundo zomfanekiso zinokwenziwa nokuthatha imifanekiso yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zonke ezi zinto zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwesifo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa ngaba gqirha bezifo zengqondo?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo imeko yemithambo-luvo. Asinguye wonke umntu omele enze zonke ezi vavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo omele azenze ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.

• I-Angiography: Oku kujonga ukuvaleka, umonakalo, okanye ukungaqheleki kwimithambo yegazi engqondweni yakho, entloko, nasentanyeni. Kunokufumanisa izinto ezifana ne-aneurysms kunye namahlwili egazi.
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu emzimbeni ukuze lihlolwe. Isenokuba yimisipha, imithambo-luvo, okanye isicubu sobuchopho.
• Uhlalutyo lolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal: Kuthathwa isampulu encinci yolwelo olujikeleze ubuchopho bethu kunye nomqolo kwaye luvavanywa. Oku kunceda ekufumaneni izinto ezifana nokopha ebuchotsheni, usulelo, izifo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, kunye nezifo ze-metabolic.
• I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT), i-MRI Scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - i-MRI), ii-X-reyi, kunye ne-Ultrasound: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngezi. Ezi ziintlobo zee-scan ezithatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalography - i-EEG): Le ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane engqondweni yakho. Isetyenziselwa ukubona izinto ezifana nokuxhuzula, usulelo (olufana ne-encephalitis), ukwenzakala kwengqondo, kunye neethumba.
• I-EMG (i-Electromyography - i-EMG): Le ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane wezihlunu. Inokunceda ekuxilongeni iingxaki zemithambo-luvo nezihlunu, uxinzelelo lomqolo, kunye nezifo ze-motor neuron ezifana ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• I-ENG (i-Electronystagmography - ENG): Eli qela leemvavanyo likhangela izinto ezifana nokunyakaza kwamehlo okungenanjongo, isiyezi, kunye neengxaki zokulinganisela.
• Izinto Ezinokubangelwa Zizinto Ezinokwenzeka: Oku kulinganisa indlela ezikhawuleza nezichanekileyo ngayo iimpawu zombane ezivela emehlweni akho, ezindlebeni, okanye ekuchukumiseni ulusu ukuya engqondweni. Kunokubona iimeko ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, i-acoustic neuroma, kunye nokwenzakala komqolo.
• I-Myelography: Oku kunceda ekufumaneni izinto ezifana neethumba, iidiski ze-herniated, kunye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo kumqolo nakwintambo yomqolo.
• I-Polysomnogram: Le isetyenziselwa ukubona iingxaki ezinxulumene nokulala ngokulinganisa umsebenzi wobuchopho nomzimba ngexesha lokulala.
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET): Le scan ibonisa iithumba, okanye isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iimeko ezifana nesifo sokuwa, iithumba zobuchopho, kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer.
• I-SPECT scan (iSingle-Photon Emission Computed Tomography - SPECT): Oku kunokufumanisa iithumba kunye nosulelo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya indawo apho kukho ukuxhuzula, izifo eziwohlokayo zomqolo, kunye nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo.
• I-Thermography: Oku kulinganisa utshintsho lobushushu emzimbeni okanye kwisitho somzimba. Isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya izinto ezifana ne-pain syndromes, i-peripheral neuropathy, kunye noxinzelelo lweengcambu zemithambo-luvo.

Sifanele siye nini kwingcali yezifo zengqondo?

Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza, 'Zeziphi iimpawu ekufanele ndizibonele lo gqirha?' Kukho ezinye iimpawu ekufuneka sizixhalabise kwangoko xa sizibona. Jonga ukuba unayo na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukulibala rhoqo: Ukuba uhlala ulibale izinto ezincinci, akwenzeki ukuba kube yinto eqhelekileyo.
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo: Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa zingqondo uze uwe.
• Ukuxhuzula: Iimpawu ziquka ukuxhuzula nokuvuza amathe.
• Utshintsho kwincasa nevumba: Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yikhono lokungcamla okanye ukuvumba ukutya.
• Iingxaki zokubona: Iliso elinye aliboni, amehlo amabini awaboni, umbono ubonakala ungacacanga.
• Ukuba ndindisholo, ukurhawuzelela emalungeni: Ukuba ingalo okanye umlenze uziva ungasasebenzi, ngokungathi igazi liyekile ukuhamba, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi ziinaliti.
• Ukungalingani kobuso: Ukuba icala elinye lobuso lahlukile kwelinye (umz., elinye iliso liyagoba, alikwazi ukuncuma kakuhle).
• I-Vertigo, i-Tinnitus, kunye nokuNgeva: Ukuba usoloko unesizungu, ukukhala ezindlebeni, okanye ukuncipha kokuva.
• Ubunzima bokuginya, ukurhawuzelela, ubunzima bokuphakamisa amahlombe, ukujika intamo, kunye nobunzima bokuhambisa ulwimi.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukushukuma kwemisipha, ukushukuma.
• Intlungu evakala ngathi kukutsha naphi na emzimbeni, okanye njengomothuko wombane.
• Intlungu entanyeni okanye emqolo, iintloko ezibuhlungu: Ukuba ezi zinto zenzeka rhoqo okanye zinzima.
• Ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba.
• Iinyikima.
• Iintshukumo ezicothayo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu, musa ukoyika. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso. Angakuthumela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ulungiselela njani xa usiya kubona ugqirha wezifo zengqondo?

Xa uza kubona ugqirha, ingakumbi umntu ofana nogqirha wezifo zengqondo, kungcono ukuba ulungiselele. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza:

• Bhala uluhlu lwezinto ezibalulekileyo ofuna ukuthetha ngazo nogqirha wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha siyalibala into esifuna ukuyibuza ugqirha.
• Ndixelele ngazo naziphi na iinguqu zamva nje kwimpilo yakho.
• Chaza naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha onazo okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu oye wazifumana. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, gcina idayari yeempawu . Bhala phantsi ukuba zenzeke nini kwaye njani, zithathe ixesha elingakanani, zinzima kangakanani, nokuba kukho into eyenze zaba mandundu, zeziphi iimpawu, kwaye wenze ntoni ukuzinceda. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana nesifo sokuwa, ukungalali kakuhle, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nesifo sikaParkinson.
• Thatha iikopi zovavanyo olwenziwe ngabanye oogqirha, iiCD ezineeskeni, kunye neengxelo zelebhu.
• Zisa uluhlu lwamayeza onke, iivithamini, izongezo, kunye namayeza esintu owasebenzisayo ngoku. Kwakhona, sixelele nangawaphi na amayeza angakhange akusebenzele ngaphambili okanye abangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Zisa uluhlu lwezinto ezibangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuzinyamezela.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, hamba nomhlobo okanye ilungu losapho. Banokubhala phantsi oko kuthethwa ngugqirha, bakuphulaphule ngokwembono yesibini, bakubuze imibuzo, baze bakukhumbuze ukuba ucwangcise amaxesha okulandela.
• Ukuba ufuna ukuthetha ngezinye izinto, buza ukuba singazibekela ixesha elahlukileyo na.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufunda ukuze ube yingcali enjalo?

Kulungile ukwazi oku. Ukuba yingcali yezifo zengqondo asinto inokwenziwa lula. Kuthatha ixesha elide ukufunda nokuqeqesha.

• Emva kokuphumelela kakuhle iimviwo zeNqanaba eliqhelekileyo nezeNqanaba eliPhambili, kuya kufuneka ugqibe isidanga sezonyango eyunivesithi kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwemihlanu.
• Emva koko kufuneka ugqibezele i-internship yonyaka omnye.
• Emva koko, kufuneka udlule iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (ukuhlala) kwi-neurology.
• Abanye baqhubeka ngakumbi baze bafumane olunye unyaka okanye emibini yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (iFellowship) kwenye ingcali ye-neurology.

Ngoko ke, uyabona, kufuneka uzinikele ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-10-12 koku.

Zeziphi ezinye iindawo ezincinci ezikhoyo kwi-neuroscience?

I-Neurology yintsimi ebanzi kakhulu. Ikwanazo neendawo ezingaphantsi kwezobuchwephesha ezivumela ukuba kusetyenziswe ezinye iindlela zobuchwephesha. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Amayeza okwenzakala ebuchotsheni
• I-neurology yabantwana - Sikhe sathetha ngayo ngaphambili.
• I-neurophysiology yeklinikhi - Ubuchule kwiimvavanyo ezifana ne-EEG kunye ne-EMG.
• Isifo sokuwa
• Amayeza entloko
• I-neurology yabantu abadala - Malunga nezifo ze-neurological kubantu abadala.
• Ukukhubazeka kophuhliso lwe-neuro- iingxaki zophuhliso ezenzeka ebuntwaneni.
• Amayeza entlungu
• Amayeza okulala
• I-Vascular neurology - malunga nezifo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.

Zininzi nezinye ezifana nale. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungafumana ugqirha ogxile kwingxaki ethile onayo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, kuyacaca kuwe ngoku ukuba ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngumntu oxilonga, anyange, aze alawule izifo ezinxulumene nengqondo yethu, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, musa ukuzityeshela. Okokuqala, bonana nogqirha wosapho lwakho. Angakuthumela kwingcali yemithambo-luvo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Xa usiya kugqirha, lungela, uchaze zonke iinkcukacha zakho, kwaye ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo. Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ikhona ukuze ixilonge imeko yakho, inike unyango olungcono kangangoko, kwaye ikunike isiqabu. Awuwedwa, kwaye kukho oogqirha abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

Ingcali yezifo zengqondo, izifo zengqondo, izifo zemithambo-luvo, iintloko ezibuhlungu, isifo sokuwa, isifo sohlangothi