Ngaba wakha waya kumboniso womculo onomsindo okanye itheko waza weva isandi esithi "R..." ezindlebeni zakho? Okanye iindlebe zakho zivakala zinzima kwaye zivalekile? Uninzi lwexesha, asizinaki kakhulu ezi zinto. Sicinga ukuba, "Kuza kulunga kwixesha elithile." Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ukuvezwa rhoqo kwizandi ezinkulu ezinje kunokulimaza indlebe yakho ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaphandle kokuba uqonde, ngokusisigxina? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-'noise-induced hearing loss' (NIHL).
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-NIHL?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Ngaphakathi ezindlebeni zethu, sinezakhiwo ezintle kakhulu ezifana neenwele ezibamba amaza esandi kwaye zithumele imiyalezo engqondweni. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba 'ziiseli zeenwele.' Cinga ngazo njengengca elungiswe kakuhle. Xa usiva isandi esiqhelekileyo, kufana nomoya opholileyo ovuthuza phezu kwengca. Ayibuhlungu.
Kodwa ukuba ngequbuliso uva ingxolo enkulu, njengekannon idubula, kufana nemoto enzima eqhuba phezu kwengca. Ezinye zeencakuba zengca ziyagoba, kwaye emva kwexesha elithile ziyajika ziqonde kwakhona. Yiyo loo nto emva kwesandi, ukuva kwakho kuncipha okwethutyana, kuze kubuye kulunge. Kodwa xa uqhubeka uzivelela kwingxolo enkulu efana nale, ezo ncakuba zengca ziyafa ngonaphakade. Yiyo loo ndlela ezi seli zeenwele ezithambileyo ezindlebeni zethu ezifa ngayo, azikhuli kwakhona. Kulapho ulahlekelwa khona kukuva kwakho ngonaphakade . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-NIHL.
Into ekhethekileyo ngale nto kukuba yeyona nto ithintela ukulahleka kokuva. Oko kuthetha ukuba, ukuba sinolwazi oluncinci, singazikhusela iindlebe zethu.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Uphando lufumanise ukuba le meko:
- Abantwana abazizigidi ezi-5.2 kunye nabantu abaselula abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-19 ubudala baye bachaphazeleka.
- Ichaphazele abantu abadala abazizigidi ezingama-26 abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-69 ubudala.
Ezi zibalo zibonisa ukuba le yingxaki enokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba ungakanani na ubudala.
Zithini iimpawu ze-NIHL?
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi onokuzibona ukuba ukuva kwakho kuyachaphazeleka yingxolo enkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso, okanye zikhule kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Uxinzelelo okanye ukugcwala endlebeni: Ukuziva ubunzima, ngokungathi amanzi angene endlebeni.
- Izandi eziphezulu ziyavalwa: iintaka ziyakhala, izandi ezithambileyo ezifana nezomntwana okhalayo ziyavalwa.
- Ukungakwazi ukuva oko kuthethwa ngokucacileyo: Xa umntu ethetha, amagama avakala engacacanga, ngokungathi ayaginywa.
- I-Tinnitus: Njengoko uninzi lwethu lusazi, sisandi esihlala sinkenteza ezindlebeni .
Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuchaphazeleka yingxolo enkulu, ezi mpawu zinokuhlala imizuzu embalwa, iiyure, okanye iintsuku zize ziphele. Emva koko sicinga, "Owu... kulungile." Kodwa okwenzekileyo kukuba indlebe yonakele, kodwa ibuyele esiqhelweni. Kodwa ngokuqhubeka nokuchaphazeleka kwezi ntlobo zengxolo, loo monakalo uba ngowonaphakade.
Izizathu eziphambili kunye neentlobo ze-NIHL
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko kukonakala kweeseli zeenwele ezithambileyo ngaphakathi kwendlebe. I-NIHL inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini kuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenzeka ngayo le monakalo.
1. I-Acoustic Trauma (Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Ngequbuliso): Oku kwenzeka xa umntu evezwa sisandi esinye esikhulu kakhulu, esikhawulezileyo. Umzekelo, i-firecracker, umpu, okanye ibhombu eqhumayo ecaleni kwendlebe yakhe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuva kunokulahleka ngoko nangoko nangokusisigxina .
2. I-Chronic NIHL (Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okungekuko okukhethekileyo): Oku kubangelwa kukuvezwa kwingxolo ephantsi kangangexesha elide. Umzekelo, umntu onxiba ii-headphones aze amamele umculo ngesandi esiphezulu imini yonke, okanye umntu osebenza kumzi-mveliso onengxolo. Kwaba bantu, kungathatha iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Ke ngoko, ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwenzeka kancinci kancinci ngaphandle kokuba baqaphele ukuba kukho umonakalo owenzekayo.
Luhlobo luni lwengxolo oluyingozi ezindlebeni zethu?
Iyunithi yokulinganisa ubunzulu besandi ibizwa ngokuba yi-decibel (dB). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba engxolo angama-85 decibels (85 dB) okanye ngaphezulu kunokonakalisa ukuva kwethu. Kwanokuvezwa kanye kumanqanaba engxolo angama-120 decibels (120 dB) okanye ngaphezulu kunokubangela umonakalo ngoko nangoko.
Makhe sibone ukuba anjani amanqanaba eedesibel zezinye zezandi esizivayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
| Umthombo wesandi | Inqanaba eliphakathi le-decibel (dB) |
|---|---|
| Isandi sokuhleba | 30 dB |
| Ingxoxo ngokubanzi | 60 dB |
| Ukuxinana kweemoto kwisixeko esixakekileyo | 80-85 dB |
| Ibhayisekile | 95 dB |
| Ii-headphones/Ii-Earphones kwivolumu ephezulu | 100-110 dB |
| Ikonsathi yomculo | 115-120 dB |
| Iindudumo / Ukudubula kwezibhamu | 120 dB nangaphezulu |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?
Enyanisweni, nabani na angayihlakulela i-NIHL. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwabo basebenza kwiindawo ezinengxolo.
- Ezolimo (umatshini uvakala ngathi ziitrektara)
- Ukuchwela (isandi somatshini wokuqhekeza iinkuni)
- Intsimi yokwakha (umatshini wokwemba, izandi zomatshini wokugaya)
- Inkonzo yasemkhosini (ukudubula ngemipu, ukuqhuma)
- Ishishini lemigodi
- Ukukhupha ioyile okanye igesi
Kunyanzelekile ukuba abo benza loo misebenzi banxibe izixhobo zokukhusela iindlebe (ii-earplugs, ii-earmuffs). Kwakhona, le ngozi ikhona kwabo baya rhoqo kwiikonsathi zomculo, ii-DJ, kunye nokusebenza kwiiklabhu zasebusuku.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngokusebenzisa isithintelo sokuva, akufuneki uphoswe zizinto ozithandayo. Ungazonwabela ezo zinto ngelixa ukhusela iindlebe zakho.
Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-NIHL?
Ukulahlekelwa kukuva akuthethi nje ukuba awukwazi ukuva izandi. Kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho wobomi bakho. Usenokungathandi ukuncokola nabantu, uzive ucaphukile, kwaye uzive uphoxekile yiyo yonke into.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-NIHL ziquka:
- I-Tinnitus: Ukuva isandi "esikhalayo" esingapheliyo ezindlebeni.
- I-Hyperacusis: Ukuva izandi eziqhelekileyo kakhulu kangangokuba azinyamezeleki.
- Uxinzelelo kunye nexhala: Ukuhlala uziva uxinezelekile kuba awukwazi ukuva ukuba abanye bathini.
- Uxinzelelo:Uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukuzihlukanisa nabantu.
- Ukungalali: Ukuphazamiseka ebuthongweni, ingakumbi ngenxa yengxolo engapheliyo.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Imeko enokubangelwa luxinzelelo oluhlala ixesha elide.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba une-NIHL, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho (GP) . Uza kukuhlola aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akuthumele kwingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT surgeon) okanye kwi-audiologist.
Iingcali zenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukujonga ukuva kwakho.
- Uvavanyo lwethoni ecocekileyo: Kule nto, ufaka ii-headphones ezimbini kwaye umamele izandi ezincinci kakhulu zeethoni ezahlukeneyo eziphezulu nezisezantsi. Kufuneka unike isignali njengoko usiva isandi. Oku kuya kukunceda ufumane elona nqanaba liphantsi lesandi onokuliva.
- I-Speech audiometry: Oku kulinganisa indlela oziva kwaye uqonda ngayo ngokucacileyo amagama athethwayo.
- Impendulo ye-Auditory brainstem (ABR): Oku kuvavanya indlela imithambo-luvo yakho kunye nengqondo yakho ezisabela ngayo kwizandi.
- Ukukhutshwa kwe-Otoacoustic: Uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi weeseli zeenwele kwindlebe engaphakathi.
- I-Tympanometry: Ilinganisa intshukumo ye-eardrum kunye nomsebenzi wendlebe ephakathi.
Olu vavanyo lunokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ngaba unobangela wokulahlekelwa kwakho kukuva yi-NIHL okanye yenye imbangela.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-NIHL?
Ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka ukuphinda kukhule iiseli zeenwele endlebeni ezonakeleyo yingxolo, oko kuthetha ukuba le meko ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuthintela lolona nyango lungcono.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sele unengxaki yokuva, kukho unyango olunokukunceda uve ngcono.
- Izixhobo zokuva: Ezi zezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ziyandisa izandi zangaphandle kwaye zikuncede uve kakuhle.
- Ii-Cochlear implants: Ukuba ukulahleka kokuva kukhulu kangangokuba izixhobo zokuva azisancedi, oogqirha banokucebisa olu khetho. Esi sisixhobo esifakwe ngotyando.
Kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi kwiimeko zomonakalo okhawulezileyo ezifana nokwenzakala kwe-acoustic, oogqirha banokunika amayeza anjenge -corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukudumba endlebeni.
Ayinakuthintelwa na loo nto? Ewe inokwenzeka!
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Nangona ungenakukwazi ukulungisa umonakalo osele wenziwe, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.
- Nciphisa ingxolo: Ziphephe ingxolo enkulu nanini na kunokwenzeka. Yehlisa isandi seTV, irediyo, kunye nesidlali somculo.
- Suka: Suka kancinci kude nengxolo enkulu (umz., kufutshane nesithethi, kufutshane nomatshini). Okukhona isandi sikude, kokukhona singasebenzi kakuhle.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela: Nxiba ii-earplugs okanye ii-earmuffs xa usiya kwiindawo ezifana neekonsathi zomculo, iindawo zokwakha, kunye neefektri. Kukho nee-earplugs ezikhethekileyo zeekonsathi zomculo ezinciphisa ingxolo ngaphandle kokubeka umgangatho womculo esichengeni.
- Phumla iindlebe zakho: Ukuba ubusoloko ujongene nengxolo enkulu ixesha elide, phumla iindlebe zakho ngokuhlala kwindawo ezolileyo kangangeeyure ezimbalwa.
- Khusela abantwana bakho: Abantwana abancinci baneendlebe ezibuthathaka kakhulu. Xa ubathatha ubayise kwiindawo ezinengxolo enkulu, ungalibali ukuvala iindlebe zabo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo ekuchaphazelayo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba uhlala ujongene nengxolo enkulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho okanye izinto ozithandayo.
- Ukuba ufumana isandi "esikhalayo" (i-tinnitus) ezindlebeni zakho emva kwengxolo enkulu.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwityala lakho.
- Ukuba ufumana ukulahleka kokuva ngequbuliso okanye ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba amalungu osapho okanye abahlobo badla ngokuthi, "Awukwazi ukuva ukuba sithini ngoku."
Ukuva sisipho esixabisekileyo esisiphiweyo. Endaweni yokuba sizisole kamva, kungcono ukusikhusela ngelixa sinaso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa yingxolo (i-NIHL) kukulimala okungapheliyo , oko kuthetha ukuba ukuva okulahlekileyo akunakufunyanwa kwakhona.
- Kodwa le yimeko enokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo . Ukuqonda yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Nasiphi na isandi esingaphezulu kwe-85 decibels sinokuba yingozi ezindlebeni zakho. Lumka ngesandi see-headphones, ii-horn zemoto, kunye nemidlalo yomculo.
- Ziqhelise ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nee-earplugs okanye ii-earmuffs kwiindawo ezinengxolo enkulu.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukukhala rhoqo ezindlebeni, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .
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