Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokuphefumla? Masifunde nge-bronchiolitis!

Ngaba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane kwaye uziva kunzima ukuphefumla? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyakhohlela kancinci aze enze isandi sokuphefumla esifubeni sakhe? Kuqhelekile ukuba wena njengomama uzive usoyika kakhulu xa oku kusenzeka. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kwenzeka kubantwana abancinci ngenxa yesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchiolitis. Ngoko ke, masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le nto kwaye senze ntoni ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

Yintoni i-bronchiolitis?

Ngamafutshane, i-bronchiolitis lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane kwimibhobho yomoya emincinci kakhulu ( ii-bronchioles ) kwimiphunga yabantwana bethu abancinci. Cinga ngale ndlela: imiphunga yethu ineetyhubhu ezininzi ezincinci, njengamasebe omthi. Ezi ziityhubhu esiphefumla ngazo. Ezona zincinci kwezo tyhubhu, ezinobukhulu obufana neenwele, zibizwa ngokuba zii-bronchioles.

Ngoko ke, xa intsholongwane ingena, la ma -bronchioles ayadumba ngaphakathi kwaye ulwelo olufana ne-mucus luyaqokelelana. Njengaxa uthuli lubhajwa kumbhobho wamanzi, kunzima ukuba amanzi ahambe, xa la ma-bronchioles evalekile, kunzima ukuba umntwana aphefumle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-bronchiolitis.

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala, ingakumbi ezo zingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ixhaphake kakhulu xa kubanda, njengaxa kunemvula.

Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, uninzi lwexesha le meko ayisiyongozi. Inganyangeka ngononophelo olufanelekileyo ekhaya. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimpawu ekufuneka uzilumkele. Masithethe ngayo naleyo.

Kutheni kukho i-bronchiolitis?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko woku kusuleleka yintsholongwane . Kungabangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane.

• Eyona ibalulekileyo kwezi yintsholongwane yokunxibelelana kwentliziyo (RSV). I-RSV ibangela malunga nesixhenxe ukuya kwisibhozo kwishumi lamatyala e-bronchiolitis kwiintsana ezincinci.
• Ukongeza, le meko inokubangelwa nazezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana ne-rhinovirus, ebangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kunye ne-influenza virus.

Le ntsholongwane isasazeka lula kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

• Ukusuka kumathontsi amancinci angena emoyeni xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
• Xa uchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane kuyo (njengethoyi okanye isitshixo socango) uze uchukumise impumlo yakho, umlomo, okanye amehlo ngesandla esifanayo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Nangona umntwana omncinci enokuba ne-bronchiolitis, abanye abantwana basengozini enkulu yokuba nayo kwaye ibe yingozi ngakumbi.

• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala,Ingakumbi iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, kuba inkqubo yazo yokuphefumla kunye nenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba azikakhuli ngokupheleleyo.
• Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha : Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi komhla wokuzalwa kwazo.
• Abantwana abazalwa benezifo zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga.
• Abantwana abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umzekelo, abantwana abasebenzisa amayeza athile, okanye ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo).
• Abantwana abachatshazelwa ngumsi ophuma kwabanye: Ukuba kukho umntu otshayayo ekhaya, loo nto iyingozi kakhulu kumntwana.
• Abantwana abaya kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana : Iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka lula kuba abantwana abaninzi bakunye.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-bronchiolitis?

Ixesha elininzi, iqala njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.

• Impumlo evuzayo ( ukuphuma kwempumlo ).
• Ukukhohlela okuncinci.
• Mhlawumbi umkhuhlane.

Emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ezi mpawu zinokwanda kancinci. Kulapho ke iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezinxulumene ne-bronchiolitis ziqala ukubonakala khona. Khawuthelekelele, umntwana wakho ebekhohlela iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, kwaye unomkhuhlane omncinci. Ngequbuliso, umntwana uqala ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, isifuba sakhe singena ngaphakathi, aze enze isandi esincinci sokuphefumla... Kulapho ke kufuneka ucinge nge-bronchiolitis.

Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla : Umntwana uqala ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ngokungathi uphefumla nzima. Oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi yi-(Tachypnea) .
• Ukuphefumla: Isandi sokukhala kwempempe sinokuvakala sisuka esifubeni xa uphefumlela ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ukukhwehlela kunokunyuka kancinci kancinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubisi oluncinci lunokuhlanzwa kunye nokukhwehlela.
• Ukungafuni ukutya/ukusela ubisi: Umntwana usenokuba nobunzima bokuncanca okanye ukutya ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukushwabana kwebunzi, ukudumba kwempumlo: Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala xa uzama ukuphefumla.
• Ukurhoxa kwesifuba: Indawo ephakathi kwamathambo esifuba nangaphantsi kwentamo ibonakala ngathi iyatsala xa uphefumla. Oku kubonisa ukuba umntwana uyasokola ukuphefumla.
• Ukukhala rhoqo, ukungazinzi, okanye ukulala kakhulu.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima: Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwemilebe, ulwimi, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis) . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo!

Sifanele siye kugqirha nini? (Iimpawu eziyingozi)

Nangona le meko idla ngokuphela ngonyango lwasekhaya, kukho iimpawu ezithile ezilumkisayo ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Masifumanise ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye ezi mpawu:

• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla:
• Ukuba umntwana uphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (umzekelo, umntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-2 ubudala uphefumla ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezingama-60 ngomzuzu, kwaye umntwana ophakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezili-12 uphefumla ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezingama-50 ngomzuzu).
• Ukuba uphefumla uvulekile impumlo yakho kwaye ngathi uyarhona.
• Ukuba isifuba sibonakala ngathi sibuyela umva esiswini (ukurhoxa).
• Ukuba wenza isandi sokubhonga xa uphefumla.
• Ukuba imilebe yakho, ulwimi, okanye ulusu lwakho lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis): Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kwaye kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba ubisi/ukutya kuncinci kakhulu okanye iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zibonakala:
• Ukuba inani leenapukeni ezimanzi ngosuku liphantsi (ukuba inapukeni ayimanzi ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6 ngokomyinge).
• Ukuba umlomo nolwimi lomile.
• Ukuba iinyembezi aziphumi xa ulila.
• Ukuba umntwana ulele kakhulu kwaye ubonakala ngathi akaphili.
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu: Ingakumbi ukuba usana olungaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala lunomkhuhlane we-100.4°F (38°C) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuba umntwana udiniwe kakhulu, udiniwe, okanye kunzima ukuvuka.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, unesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo semiphunga, okanye ubonakalisa naziphi na iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Khumbula, ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko ngomntwana wakho, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha. Musa ukuthi nje, "Hayi, yinto encinci nje."

Ugqirha/umama uyifumanisa njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ixesha elininzi, ugqirha uza kuyixilonga i-bronchiolitis ngokukubuza ngeempawu zomntwana wakho aze ahlole umntwana wakho.

• Ugqirha uza kumamela isifuba somntwana nge-stethoscope ukujonga ukuba akanayo na isandi esivakalayo okanye ezinye izandi ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ijonga izinga lokuphefumla komntwana kunye nendlela aphefumla ngayo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, isixhobo esincinci esifana nekliphu esibizwa ngokuba yi-pulse oximeter sibekwa emnweni womntwana ukuze kulinganiswe ubungakanani beoksijini egazini.
• Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho mfuneko yovavanyo olunye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zinzima, okanye ukuba kukho enye imeko ekrokrelwayo, banokuthi:
• I-swab yempumlo ingathathwa ukuze kuvavanywe i-RSV okanye ezinye iintsholongwane (oku akwenziwa rhoqo).
• Ungacelwa ukuba uthathe i -X-ray yesifuba (oku kwenziwa kuphela ukuba isifo sinzima okanye ukuxilongwa akucaci).

Yintoni onokumenzela umntwana wakho ekhaya? (Ukhathalelo Lwasekhaya)

Uninzi lweentsana ezine-bronchiolitis zinokunyangwa kwaye zinyangwe ekhaya. Ungakhathazeki. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza:

• Nika umntwana amanzi amaninzi: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukopha kwamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uncanciswa, mnike ubisi lwebele oluncinci rhoqo. Kunokuba nzima ukumnika ubisi oluninzi ngaxeshanye.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uncanciswa ubisi lwebhokhwe, qhubeka umnika ubisi oluncinci rhoqo.
• Ukuba umntwana ungaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, ungamnika izinto ezifana namanzi kunye nesuphu.
• Gcina impumlo yakho icocekile: Ukuba impumlo yomntwana wakho ivalekile, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuba aphefumle.
• Faka amathontsi empumlo anetyuwa, onokuwathenga kwikhemesti, emakhaleni omntwana wakho uze ufunxe kancinci i-mucus ngesirinji yebhalbhu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kungcono ukwenza oku ngaphambi kokuba umtyise/umtyise nangaphambi kokuba umlalise umntwana wakho.
• Yongeza umswakama emoyeni: Umoya owomileyo unokunyusa ukukhohlela.
• Ukuba unesixhobo sokufumisa umswakama , sisebenzise (isixhobo sokufumisa umswakama esipholileyo sesona silungileyo).
• Okanye, vula impompo yamanzi ashushu kwigumbi lokuhlambela, vumela umphunga uzalise igumbi, uze uthathe umntwana wakho uhlale apho imizuzu eli-10-15. Ukuphefumla umphunga kuya kunceda umntwana wakho aphefumle lula.
• Gcina intloko yomntwana wakho iphakanyisiwe kancinci: Xa ulele, beka itawuli encinci okanye into ethile phantsi komatrasi ukuze intloko yomntwana iphakame kancinci. (Ungaze ubeke umqamelo phantsi kwentloko yomntwana kwiintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala.) Oku kuya kubanceda baphefumle lula.
• Phumla: Myeke umntwana aphumle kakuhle.
• Ukulawula umkhuhlane: Ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane, ungamnika i-paracetamol ukuba ugqirha wakho ukucebisile. Ungaze unike abantwana abancinci i-aspirin ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu!** Ukuba kukho umntu ohlala endlwini otshayayo, musa ukutshaya ujikeleze umntwana wakho. Umsi wecuba ungenza kube kubi ngakumbi i-bronchiolitis kwaye wenze ukuba ivele lula.
• Amayeza okukhwehlela nawomkhuhlane athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha: La mayeza awafanelekanga kubantwana abancinci (ingakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala). Awancedi kule meko kwaye anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Musa ukuwanika ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Luhlobo luni lonyango olunikezelwa esibhedlele? (Unyango lwezonyango)

Uninzi lwabantwana aludingi kulaliswa esibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana uneengxaki zokuphefumla kakhulu, uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, okanye uneoksijini ephantsi, oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni umntwana alaliswe esibhedlele. Unyango olunikezelwa esibhedlele luquka:

• Unyango lweoksijini: Ioksijini inikwa ngetyhubhu encinci efakwe empumlweni (i-cannula yempumlo) okanye ngemaski ebekwe ebusweni.
• Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (ii-IV fluids): Ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukusela ulwelo ngomlomo, ulwelo olufana ne-saline lufakwa emthanjeni osengalweni ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukufunxa: Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukususa i-mucus empumlweni nasemqaleni.
• Izinto ezibangela ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi: Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bayazama amayeza e-asthma (umz., i-salbutamol), kodwa akukho bungqina buncinci bokuba la mayeza aluncedo kakhulu kwi-bronchiolitis.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi aziyi kuyinyanga i-bronchiolitis, kuba yintsholongwane, ayiyontsholongwane yebhaktiriya. Ii-antibiotics azinikwa ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukrokrelwa ukuba kukho intsholongwane yebhaktiriya (umz. i-pneumonia).
• IiSteroids: Ezi azikhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwi-bronchiolitis.

Ungayikhusela njani umntwana wakho kwi-bronchiolitis? (Ukuthintela)

"Kungcono ukuthintela esi sifo kunokuba uhlaselwe siso." Ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukukhusela abantwana bethu kule bronchiolitis icaphukisayo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Wena kunye naye nabani na ochukumisa umntwana wakho nifanele nihlambe izandla zakhe kakuhle ngesepha namanzi, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokumtyisa, ngaphambi kokuchukumisa umntwana wakho, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abagulayo: Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba ahlale nabantu abanomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
• Ziphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi: Ziphephe ukuthatha abantwana abancinci uye nabo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi (ezifana neevenkile ezinkulu, iminyhadala), ingakumbi ngamaxesha apho i-bronchiolitis ixhaphakileyo (amaxesha abandayo, anemvula).
• Ukuncancisa: Ubisi lwebele lunika umntwana amandla okuzikhusela, ngaloo ndlela lunceda ekukhuselekeni kwiintsholongwane. Kungcono ukuncancisa ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Indawo engenamsi!** Ndiza kutsho kwakhona oku, oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Akukho mntu ufanele atshaye ekhayeni elinomntwana.
• Gcina izinto zokudlala kunye neendawo zokudlala zomntwana zicocekile: Gcina izinto zokudlala ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye neendawo apho umntwana achukumisa khona (iitafile, izitulo) zicocekile.
• Isitofu sokugonya sePalivizumab: Esi sisitofu esikhethekileyo. Sinikwa nyanga zonke ngexesha le-RSV ukukhusela abantwana abasengozini enkulu (umz., iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, abantwana abanesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga esinzima) kwi-RSV. Asinikwa wonke umntu, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba siyafuneka na.

Ingaba oku kwahlukile kwi-bronchitis?

Ewe, nangona ezi zimbini zinokudida kancinci, ezi ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

• I-Bronchiolitis: Njengoko besisandula ukuxoxa, olu luhlobo losulelo lweendlela zomoya ezincinci kakhulu (ii-bronchioles) emiphungeni . Luxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• I-Bronchitis: Olu luhlobo losulelo lweendlela zomoya ezinkulu (i-bronchi). Inokwenzeka kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani le ngxaki? (Ingqikelelo)

Iimpawu ze-bronchiolitis zihlala zifikelela esiphelweni emva kweentsuku ezi-3-5 , emva koko ziqale ukuhla kancinci kancinci.

• Uninzi lwabantwana luyaphola kwiveki okanye ezimbini .
• Nangona kunjalo, ukukhwehlela kusenokuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa (mhlawumbi nenyanga). Musa ukukhathazeka ngako, kuyinto eqhelekileyo.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba uninzi lwabantwana abanesifo se-bronchiolitis baphile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide azixhaphakanga.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle i-bronchiolitis kwizinto esizithethileyo. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Bronchiolitis yintsholongwane ebangelwa ziintsholongwane kwiindlela zomoya ezincinci kwiintsana ezincinci.
• Kwiimeko ezininzi, le ayisiyongozi kwaye inokunyangeka ngokunyamekela ekhaya.
• Nangona kunjalo, khangela iimpawu ezinobungozi ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi , bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika umntwana ulwelo oluninzi, ukugcina impumlo icocekile, nokumnika ukuphumla .
• Khusela umntwana wakho ngokupheleleyo kumsi wecuba.
• Ukuthintela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela umntwana wakho. Ungamkhusela umntwana wakho ngokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo uze uzigcine kude nabantu abagulayo .

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, musa ukuxhalaba, musa ukuxhalaba, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye umnyamekele kakuhle umntwana wakho. Yonke into iza kulunga kungekudala!

I- Bronchiolitis, i-Bronchiolitis, Izifo zabantwana, Iintsholongwane zokuphefumla, Ubunzima bokuphefumla, i-RSV Virus, Impilo yomntwana