Masithethe ngomkhosi omangalisayo emzimbeni wethu: inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba kukho idabi elikhulu, imfazwe eqhubekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngalo lonke ixesha, singazi nokuba siyenze loo nto? Nokuba sifumana umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye ukwenzakala okuncinci, iqela lamajoni amancinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu liya emsebenzini ngoko nangoko. Elo ligunya elikhusela imizimba yethu, lilwa neentsholongwane nezifo ezivela ngaphandle, esizibiza ngokuba yiNkqubo yoKhuseleko loMzimba . Oku kufana nomkhosi wokhuseleko okhethekileyo osemizimbeni yethu! Bahlala bephaphile iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki, besikhusela.

Ngoobani aba bakhuseli bomzimba wethu? Masiqhelane namalungu enkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela!

Cinga ngayo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisiyonto inye nje kuphela, ifana neqela elikhulu. Ilungu ngalinye leli qela, oko kukuthi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kunye namalungu omzimba wethu, asebenzisana ukuphumeza lo msebenzi wokuzikhusela. Ngalinye linendima yalo eyahlukileyo.

Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (iiLeukocytes) - Abagcini boMzimba wethu

Amaqhawe aphambili alo mkhosi wokhuselo abizwa ngokuba ziiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (iiLeukocytes) . Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba igazi lineeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezo seli ezimhlophe zegazi ziindawo zokulwa kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi (iiLeukocytes), njengokuba kukho iirejimenti ezahlukeneyo kumkhosi.

Iiphagocytes - amajoni asebenza nzima afuna aze atshabalalise iintsholongwane

Iiphagocytes liqela elikhethekileyo leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-leukocytes). Igama elithi "i-phagocyte" lithetha "umdli weeseli." Ungabona ngegama ngokwalo oko zikwenzayo. Ewe, ezi phagocytes zisebenza kakhulu. Oko zikwenzayo kukufumana izinto ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezingene emzimbeni, zizijikeleze, kwaye, ngokuchanekileyo , 'ziqhekeze zibe ziingceba kwaye uziginye.' Njengokuba umama wethu ebona inkunkuma endlwini yethu, eyitshayela ngomtshayelo, ezi seli zisusa nezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye neentsholongwane emzimbeni kwaye ziyicoce.

I-Neutrophil - ingcali yokulwa neebhaktheriya

Elinye ilungu elibalulekileyo leqela elibizwa ngokuba zii-phagocytes luhlobo lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophil . Zilwa ngokukodwa nosulelo lweebhaktheriya.Ukuchasana. Khawucinge nje, ngamanye amaxesha xa usiya kugqirha unesifo somqala esibuhlungu, ugqirha uthi, "Oku kumele ukuba kusulelo lwebhaktiriya, masenze uvavanyo lwegazi." Enye yezinto abazijongayo linani leeseli ze-neutrophil. Xa kukho usulelo lwebhaktiriya emzimbeni, umzimba wethu uvelisa inani elikhulu lezi seli ze-neutrophil ukulwa nezo zihlaseli. Ngoko ke ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukuba inani liye landa, ugqirha uyaqonda ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lwedabi lebhaktiriya eliqhubekayo emzimbeni. Akukuphela nje kwezi neutrophil, kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-phagocytes, nganye kuzo eyenza umsebenzi wayo wokukhusela umzimba.

Iilymphocytes - amajoni akrelekrele akhumbula utshaba aze alwe

Elinye iqela elibalulekileyo nelikrelekrele leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iiLeukocytes) libizwa ngokuba ziiLymphocytes . Ingcali yabo kukuba abanakukwazi nje kuphela ukubona iintshaba (iintsholongwane) ezingena emzimbeni, kodwa bakhumbule nezo ntshaba . Njengokuba amapolisa egcina iinkcukacha kunye nemifanekiso yabaphuli-mthetho ukuze bakwazi ukubabona ukuba baphinda bababone. Yile ndlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi Lymphocytes. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi Lymphocytes. Zii -B Lymphocytes kunye nee-T Lymphocytes . Zombini ezi ziqala ukwakheka kumongo wethu wethambo. Ngelixa ii-B lymphocytes zikhula apho, ii-T lymphocytes ziya kwenye indawo ekhethekileyo, i-thymus gland (ekwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sethu), apho ziqeqeshwa kakuhle kwaye zilungele idabi.

Ii-lymphocyte ze-B - ezifana nee-intelligence officers zomkhosi

Cinga ngee-B Lymphocytes njengamagosa engqondo kumkhosi wemizimba yethu. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iintshaba, oko kukuthi, iintsholongwane, ezingena emzimbeni nokwazisa abanye, "Nanku utshaba lusiza!" Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ezi seli ze-B zezona zivelisa uhlobo oluthile 'lwesixhobo', esisibiza ngokuba zii-antibodies . Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kancinci.

IiLymphocytes ze-T - Ii-commando eziya ngqo edabini

Ngoku, ngoobani ii-T lymphocytes ? Ngamajoni angaphambili omkhosi wethu, njengama-commando . Emva kokuba ii-B cells zikhwaze zisithi, "Nanku utshaba, nanku!", ii-T cells ziya ngqo ukutshabalalisa ezo seli zihlaselayo, nokuba ziiseli zethu ezisuleleke ziintsholongwane okanye ziiseli zomhlaza. Zizo ezenza imfazwe.

Uyabona ke, akunjalo? Ezi seli ze-B kunye neeseli ze-T zisebenza kunye njengeqela ukukhusela imizimba yethu kakuhle!

Isebenza njani kanye kanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela? Yindlela emangalisayo!

Ngoku masibone indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo yokuzikhusela enamandla. Yindlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye iyamangalisa.

Ukuchonga ii-Antigens - Kufuneka wazi utshaba ngokuchanekileyo!

Nantoni na engena emzimbeni wethu isuka ngaphandle kwaye inokuba yingozi emzimbeni, umzekelo, iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane), iityhefu, ipollen, njl.njl., zineempawu ezikhethekileyo zokubonwa kumphezulu wazo. Kwizonyango, ezi mpawu zibizwa ngokuba zii-antigens . Ezi zifana neempawu ezikwiyunifomu yotshaba. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ilungile kakhulu ekuqondeni ezi antigens. Bakhawuleza baqonde, "Owu, lo akangomnye wethu, lo ngomnye umntu!"

Indlela yokwenza ii-antibodies kunye nokulwa - ukuhlasela ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo

Uyawakhumbula la ma-B Lymphocytes esiwakhankanyileyo ngaphambili? Ngabo bathi, xa beqonda la ma-antigen, bafumane uphawu lokwenza uhlobo oluthile lweproteni. La ma-protein akhethekileyo yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngama-antibodies . Ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba ngama-immunoglobulins . La ma-antibodies akhethekile kakhulu. Ukuze ahambelane ne-antigen nganye, kuveliswa ama-antibodies akhethekileyo kuloo antigen. Ukuchaneka, afana nesitshixo esikhethekileyo esifanelana nesitshixo ngasinye. Kwakamsinya nje bakubona i-antigen efanelekileyo, la ma-antibodies ayahamba aze 'atshixe' ngayo, oko kukuthi, ayabopha. Xa ebopha ngolu hlobo, umhlaseli, oko kukuthi, intsholongwane, akanakwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Nokuba ayisebenzi, okanye iba 'maki' ngendlela yokuba iiseli ezifana neephagocytes zinokuyibamba kwaye ziyitshabalalise ngokulula.

Inkumbulo kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha elide - ukuba utshaba olufanayo lubuya kwakhona...

Nantsi enye into emangalisayo ngenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngaphambili zihlala emizimbeni yethu, okanye ii-B cells ezenza ezo antibodies zihlala "ziiseli zememori." Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba intsholongwane efanayo izama ukungena emizimbeni yethu kwakhona, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyayikhumbula kakuhle! "Owu, olu lutshaba lwakudala!" Iyayiqonda ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqale ukwenza ezo antibodies ezithile ngokukhawuleza nangobuninzi obukhulu kunangaphambili. Emva koko, ngaphambi kokuba loo ntsholongwane ibe nethuba lokubangela izifo, ukhuselo lwethu luyayitshabalalisa.

Yiyo loo nto wakuba unesifo esifana ne -chickenpox , ungaphindi usifumane lula. Imizimba yethu ivelise ii-antibodies kunye nee-memory cells ezilwa nayo, ngoko ke ukuba intsholongwane ye-chickenpox ibuye, imizimba yethu ikulungele ukulwa nayo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-immunity .

Ngamafutshane, izitofu zokugonyaYile nto eyenziwa ziigonyo. Ngaphambi kokuba isifo sikhule, intsholongwane ebuthathaka okanye ebuleweyo (okanye inxalenye yayo) inikwa umzimba, kwaye inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ifundiswa ukuyiqonda, ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nayo, nokugcina loo nkumbulo. Emva koko, ukuba loo ntsholongwane ifika ngokwenene, umzimba wethu uya kuyilwa nayo ngaphandle kokugula.

Okungakumbi malunga nenkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela

Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ilungelelene ngobuchule. Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo inokuba noxinzelelo oluncinci. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba asilali kakuhle
• Ukuba ixabiso lesondlo lokutya esikutyayo liphantsi
• Ukuba sihlala sixinezelekile

Ezi zinto zinokwenza inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ingasebenzi kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo . Ukulala ngokwaneleyo, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokwaneliseka kunokunceda ukuzikhusela kwethu okumangalisayo kwenze umsebenzi wazo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunqabile kakhulu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba inokungahambi kakuhle. Umzekelo, ngamanye amaxesha iqala ukuhlasela iiseli zethu ezisempilweni (oku kubizwa ngokuba zizifo zokuzikhusela komzimba), okanye isabela ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezihlala zingenabungozi (ezifana ne-pollen nothuli) (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-allergies). Kodwa ezi aziqhelekanga. Uninzi lwexesha, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba isikhusela ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngamafutshane, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba lo mkhosi obizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu umangalisa, unetalente kwaye awubalulekanga kangakanani.

• Lukhuselo lwendalo lwemizimba yethu: yile nkqubo esikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo.
• Ingqokelela yeeseli ezikhethekileyo: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ezifana neephagocytes kunye neelymphocytes ) zisebenza kunye ukwenza lo msebenzi.
• Iyaziqonda kwaye izikhumbula iintshaba: Iyaziqonda ii-antigens , yenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nazo, ikhumbula loo mlo, kwaye ithatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba olo tshaba lubuya kwakhona.
• Nathi kufuneka sincede: Nathi singayigcina le nkqubo iqinile ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa unesifo somkhuhlane, ungoyiki. Khumbula, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho kukho iqela lamaqhawe amancinci anetalente alwa idabi elikhulu lokukukhusela! Bavumele benze umsebenzi wabo, kwaye ubaxhase ngokuphumla ngokwaneleyo nokutya ukutya okunesondlo.Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngengqondo yenye yezona zipho zixabisekileyo zendalo kuthi!

---

Inkqubo Yokuzikhusela Emzimbeni, Iiseli Zegazi Ezimhlophe, IiLeukocytes, IiAntibodies, IiAntigens, Iintsholongwane, Impilo , Ukhuselo Lomzimba