Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu zingaqhelekanga? Makhe sithethe ngePlasmacytoma

Intlungu engachazekiyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zamathambo ezingenakucingelwa, okanye ukungaqheleki kwizicubu ezithambileyo kwiindawo ezifana nentamo nentloko... Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zisenokuba zizinto esingazinaki kangako. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zesifo esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba yiPlasmacytoma. Ungakhathazeki, esi asisosifo esichaphazela abantu abaninzi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni le plasmacytoma? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, iPlasmacytoma yimeko efana neMultiple Myeloma, kodwa inqabile kakhulu. Sonke sinohlobo lweseli emizimbeni yethu olubizwa ngokuba ziiPlasma cells . Abanye abantu babiza ezi B cells. Ezi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. IiPlasma cells ezisempilweni zivelisa ii-antibodies, okanye ii-immunoglobulins, ezinceda imizimba yethu ukulwa nezifo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi seli zeplasma eziphilileyo ziba zingaqhelekanga kwaye ziqale ukwahlukana kwaye ziphindaphindeke ngokukhawuleza. Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga emva koko ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze iithumba. Ezi thumba zinokwakheka emathanjeni ethu, kwizicubu ezithambileyo zentloko nentamo, okanye nakweyiphi na ilungu, njengesinyi, imiphunga, okanye izintso.

I-Plasmacytoma ichaphazela njani umzimba wam?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngayo ngaphambili, le ngxaki iqala xa iiseli zeplasma eziphilileyo zisiba zingaqhelekanga. Ezi seli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga ziyanda kwaye zenze uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuba yi -M proteins . Xa ezi proteins ze-M zisanda, inani leeseli zeplasma zokwenyani nezisempilweni ezisinceda ekusikhuseleni kwizifo liyancipha. Oku kuthetha ukuba amasosha ethu omzimba anokuba buthathaka.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-plasmacytoma, kuxhomekeke kwiindawo zomzimba ezichaphazelayo:

1. I-Solitary Plasmacytoma yeThambo (SPB): Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga zenza ithumba kwithambo elinye emzimbeni wakho. Cinga ngalo njengethambo elinye lomqolo kumqolo wakho, okanye indawo enye ethangeni lakho. Le SPB inokubangela umonakalo wamathambo kunye nentlungu. Malunga nama-50% abantu abane-SPB ekugqibeleni baya kuba ne-multiple myeloma.

2. I-Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP): Kwi-EMP, ithumba elinye elenziwe ziiseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga lichaphazela izicubu ezithambileyo . Izicubu ezithambileyo zizicubu ezijikeleze, ezidibanisa, nezixhasa amalungu ethu namathambo. Umzekelo, oku kuquka imisipha yethu, imisipha, ulusu, amafutha, kunye ne-fascia. I-EMP inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na izicubu ezithambileyo emzimbeni, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwindlela ephezulu yokuphefumla.Oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezifana nomngxuma wempumlo, ii-sinuses, i-nasopharynx, kunye ne-larynx. Kodwa inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na ilungu lomzimba. Malunga ne-15% yabantu abane-EMP banokufumana i-multiple myeloma kamva.

Ngubani ofumana le plasmacytoma? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

I-plasmacytoma idla ngokubonakala kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-60 ubudala. Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko kunabafazi.

I-Plasmacytoma yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Oogqirha bafumanisa kuphela malunga namatyala amatsha angama-450 e-SPB kunye namatyala amatsha angama-300 e-EMP minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abaye balwa ne-multiple myeloma ixesha elide banokuba ne-plasmacytoma.

Zithini iimpawu ze-SPB?

I-Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone (SPB) sisifo samathambo esibonakaliswa ziintlungu zamathambo okanye ukwaphuka kwamathambo . Umzekelo, ungaziva iintlungu zomqolo ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, okanye iintlungu zembambo. Ezinye iimpawu ze-SPB ziquka:

• Intlungu okanye ukwaphuka kwiindawo ezifana neembambo zakho, amathambo esifuba, i-femur, kunye ne-pelvis .
• Ukuqhekeka komqolo okucinezelweyo . Oku kunokubangela umonakalo kumqolo wakho okanye kwiingcambu zemithambo-luvo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unokufumana iintlungu ezibukhali nezihlabayo eziya emilenzeni yakho ziye emqolo wakho.
• Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba i-SPB ichaphazela ukhakhayi, inokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, kunye neengxaki zokubona .

Ngoko ke zithini iimpawu ze-EMP?

Iimpawu ze-Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) zenzeka xa ithumba licinezela izicwili ezithambileyo, nto leyo ebangela iintlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza komzimba.

Umzekelo, ukuba une-EMP ngaphakathi empumlweni yakho, ungaziva ngathi kukho into ebambekileyo empumlweni yakho, kwaye kunokuba nzima ukuphefumla ngempumlo yakho. Nangona ii-EMP zinokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni, ama-80% ukuya kuma-90% eemeko zenzeka kwindawo yentloko nentamo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-EMP ziquka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukukhupha iimpumlo
• Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye usulelo (Pharyngitis)
• Ukopha kwempumlo (i-Epistaxis)

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba i-EMP ichaphazela i-larynx yakho (ibhokisi yelizwi), unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukurhawuzela
• Indlela yomoya evalekileyo
• Ukuphefumla

Kubalulekile:Ezi mpawu ze-plasmacytoma zihlala zifana nezezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika ukuba ubona into efana nale. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini okanye ziya zisiba mandundu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Kutheni le nto i-plasmacytoma yenzeka? Yintoni imbangela?

Enyanisweni, ngoku siyazi ukuba i-plasmacytoma ibangelwa ziiseli ze-plasma eziphilileyo eziguquka zibe ziiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwaye ziphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawulekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela olu tshintsho. Oko kukuthi, akukho sizathu sithile esifunyenweyo okwangoku.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani iPlasmacytoma?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuchonga iintlobo ze-plasmacytoma, kwaye ukuba zikhona, ukufumanisa inqanaba le-EMP.

Nazi ezinye zezo mvavanyo:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Oku kusebenzisa i-X-ray kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) wezicubu zakho ezithambileyo kunye namathambo. Oogqirha basebenzisa i-CT scans ukukhangela umonakalo wamathambo obangelwa yi-plasmacytomas.
• I-MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI): Olu vavanyo lunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zomzimba wakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imitha. I-MRI inokunceda ekuvavanyeni umonakalo wezicubu ezithambileyo obangelwa yi-EMP.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amanqanaba ezo proteni ze-M sithethe ngazo.
• I-Endoscopy yempumlo: Ukuba kukho i-EMP ekrokrelwayo, le nkqubo ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlola imingxunya kunye nee-sinuses ezingaphakathi kwempumlo. Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu enekhamera encinci ngaphakathi kwempumlo.
• I-biopsy yenaliti encinci: Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana isampuli yezicubu kunye nolwelo oluvela kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezichaphazelekileyo yi-EMP.
• I-Biopsy: Oku kwenziwa ukuze kuthathwe isampuli yezicubu okanye ulwelo ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zeplasma. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga na.

Zithini izigaba ze-EMP?

Oogqirha baqwalasela ezi zinto zilandelayo ukuze bamisele inqanaba le-Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP):

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukho ithumba elinye kuphela kwindawo enye emzimbeni wakho.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba iiseli ze-EMP zikwakho nakwii-lymph nodes zakho.
• Inqanaba lesiThathu: Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukho ithumba le-EMP elingaphezulu kwesinye.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwePlasmacytoma?

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba, kukho unyango lwale meko. Oogqirha banyanga i-solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) ngonyango lwemitha.Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umntu unezo proteni zingaqhelekanga (iiproteni ze-M) egazini okanye emchameni wakhe kwaye une-plasmacytoma, oogqirha baya kusebenzisa nonyango lwe-multiple myeloma.

I-Extraosseous plasmacytoma (EMP) inokunyangelwa ngotyando kunye/okanye i-chemotherapy okanye i-immunotherapy . Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ngonyango olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ngaba uphuhliso lwe-plasmacytoma lunokuthintelwa?

Enyanisweni, njenge-multiple myeloma, akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-plasmacytoma. Ngenxa yokuba unobangela ochanekileyo awaziwa, kunzima ukutsho ukuba ungakuthintela njani.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani nePlasmacytoma?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Malunga nama-60% abantu abane-SPB basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe. Malunga nama-82% abantu abane-EMP basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe. Ezi ziinkcukacha-manani nje, oku kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu.

Ngelishwa, i-plasmacytoma ngamanye amaxesha inokubuya , okanye ikhule kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Kwakhona, abanye abantu abane-SPB okanye i-EMP banokufumana i-multiple myeloma kamva. Oku kunokuchaphazela ixesha abaphila ngalo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? Ndingenza ntoni?

Ngenxa yokuba imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-plasmacytoma inokuba yi-multiple myeloma, ukuba une-plasmacytoma, uya kufuna unyango oluhlala ixesha elide nokuba unyango lugqityiwe. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.

Olu nyango lokulandelela ludla ngokuquka uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso (njenge-CT kunye ne-MRI). Aba gqirha baya kukujonga iimpawu ze-multiple myeloma. Ukuba une-plasmacytoma, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango lokulandelela omele ululindele.

I-Plasmacytoma sisifo segazi esingaqhelekanga kakhulu esifana ne-multiple myeloma. Ngethamsanqa, oogqirha banokunyanga ngempumelelo uninzi lweemeko ze-plasmacytoma, benciphisa ithumba kwaye banciphise iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa une-plasmacytoma kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uphile nonyango ubomi bakho bonke. Akulula ukuphila nesifo esingapheliyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba uphila ne-plasmacytoma, buza ugqirha wakho ngeendlela zokukunceda ujongane nesi sifo esingapheliyo. Baya kukuvuyela ukukunceda.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe siphinde sichaze ezinye zezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Plasmacytoma sisifo esingaqhelekanga esibangelwa ziithumba ezikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwiiseli ze-plasma .
• Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto: i-SPB, echaphazela amathambo , kunye ne-EMP, echaphazela izicubu ezithambileyo .
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya iintlungu zamathambo, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, intloko ebuhlungu, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye nobunzima bokuginya . Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka okanye ziyanda, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Isizathu esithile soku asikafunyanwa , ngoko ke akukho ndlela yokukuthintela.
• Kukho iindlela zonyango ezifana nonyango ngemitha, utyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye ne-immunotherapy .
• Ukulandelela ubomi bonke emva konyango kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela kwi-multiple myeloma okanye kubuye.
• Ukuphila nale meko kunokuba nzima. Thetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane inkxaso oyifunayo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

i- plasmacytoma, umhlaza, isifo segazi, umhlaza wamathambo, umhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo, i-multiple myeloma