Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlala ebanjwa ngumkhuhlane aze avale impumlo? Okanye ngaba abazali bakho asebekhulile bayakhwehlela kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla? Ezi meko ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esinzulu njenge-pneumonia. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho indlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokukhusela abantwana bethu kunye nabantu abadala kwizifo eziyingozi kangaka. Leyo yi-pneumococcal vaccine. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into malunga nale gonyo.
Yintoni iPneumococcal Vaccine?
Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nesikhuselo esifakwa emizimbeni yethu. Esi sitofu sisikhusela kwizifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane iStreptococcus pneumoniae. Le ntsholongwane yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'pneumococcus' ngamafutshane.
Le ntsholongwane inokubangela izifo ezinzima zokuphefumla (ubunzima bokuphefumla) kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinkulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala. Yile nto sisebenzisa le gonyo ukuzikhusela kuyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi yokugonya i-pneumococcal esetyenziswayo ngoku. Zibizwa ngokuba yi-'conjugate vaccines'. Oku kuthetha ukuba zenzelwe ukukhuthaza ngcono amandla omzimba wethu okulwa nezifo (amasosha omzimba). Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezi:
- I-PCV13
- I-PCV15
- I-PCV20
- I-PCV21
Amanani akula magama abonisa inani leentlobo zebhaktheriya ye-pneumococcus ezinokulawulwa yi-vaccine.
Ukongeza, kukho olunye ugonyo oludala olubizwa ngokuba yi-'PPSV23'. Olu gonyo ludla ngokunikwa abantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-2 ubudala, abo banezifo ezithile ezingapheliyo, kunye nabantu abadala abasele befumene ugonyo lwe-PCV15.
Ziziphi izifo ezibangelwa sisifo se-pneumococcal?
Xa intsholongwane ye-pneumococcus ingena emizimbeni yethu, inokubangela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo eziyingozi. Abanye abantu banokuba nale ntsholongwane emphinjeni ngaphandle kwempawu. Nangona kunjalo, nabo bantu banokuyisasaza kwabanye ngamathontsi amancinci akhutshwa xa bephefumla, bekhohlela, okanye bethimla.
Olu gonyo lusikhusela kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana nezi:
| Isifo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Meningitis yebhaktheriya | Usulelo lwe-membranes ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi efana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-coma, ukufa, ukungaboni, okanye ukukhubazeka. |
| Ukukrala kwemiphunga | Usulelo lwemiphunga. Oku kubangela ukukhohlela, umkhuhlane, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis Media) | Iimpawu ziquka iintlungu zendlebe, ukudumba, ukungalali, umkhuhlane, kwaye, kubantwana abancinci, ukukhala rhoqo. |
| Intsholongwane yebhaktheriya | Imeko eyingozi apho iintsholongwane zingena egazini zize zisasazeke emzimbeni wonke. |
| Usulelo lweSinus | Iintsholongwane ezinxulumene nemingxunya yobuso (ii-sinuses). |
Khawucinge nje, ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe olu gonyo, inani elikhulu labantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala babulawa yi-pneumonia kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa emva kokuqaliswa kolu gonyo ngo-2000, ukuxhaphaka kwesi sifo phakathi kwabantwana nabantu abadala kwehla kakhulu.
Ingaba ezi gonyo zikhuselekile ngokwenene? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Zombini izitofu zokugonya ze-PCV kunye ne-PPSV zikhuselekile kakhulu . Njengakweminye imithi, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba umntu angabi naso isifo, kodwa umngcipheko wokwenzakala okanye ukufa uphantsi kakhulu.
Ezi zezona ziphumo zincinci zixhaphakileyo:
- Kubantwana abancinci (emva kokugonywa yi-PCV):
- Ububomvu, ukuqaqamba okuncinci, okanye ukudumba kwindawo yokutofa.
- Umkhuhlane ophantsi (malunga nomnye kubantwana abathathu).
- Umkhuhlane omncinci (malunga nomnye kubantwana abangama-50).
- Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukukhala rhoqo, okanye ukozela.
- Kwabantu abadala (emva kokugonywa yi-PPSV):
- Ububomvu okanye intlungu kwindawo yokuhlatywa (malunga nomntu omnye kwaba-2).
- Ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu abanamava afana nomkhuhlane okanye iintlungu zemisipha.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zincinci kakhulu kwaye ziyaphela ngokupheleleyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
Ngubani omele afumane olu gonyo? Nini?
Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba ngubani ocetyiswayo ukuba asebenzise olu gonyo kwaye kufuneka lunikwe luphi ucwangciso.
Kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci
Kucetyiswa ukuba zonke iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala zithole iidosi ezi-4 zesitofu sokugonya, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Idosi yokuqala: Kwiinyanga ezi-2
- Idosi yesibini: Kwiinyanga ezi-4
- Idosi yesithathu: Kwiinyanga ezi-6
- Idosi yokunyusa: Phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12-15
Ukuba ngesizathu esithile ugonyo alunakufumaneka ngeli xesha, ugqirha uya kunika ishedyuli efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kubudala bomntwana.
Kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-2 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala
Abantwana abangazange bagqibe uthotho lwezitofu zokugonya besengabantwana okanye abaneengxaki zempilo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nesifo sezintso esingapheliyo, nabo banokufumana olu gonyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye neshedyuli yalo.
Kwabantu abadala
Wonke umntu omdala osempilweni oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala angayifumana le gonyo ngenye yezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Idosi enye yesitofu sokugonya se-PCV15 kwaye emva konyaka, idosi enye yesitofu sokugonya se-PPSV23.
- Idosi enye yesitofu sokugonya se-PCV20.
- Idosi enye yesitofu sokugonya se-PCV21.
Kwabo basengozini ekhethekileyo
Abo baneminyaka eli-18-49 ubudala, kodwa abaneengxaki zempilo (umz. isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, umhlaza, i-HIV/AIDS) okanye unyango (umz. ii-steroids, i-chemotherapy) oluwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba, nabo banokufumana isitofu ngendlela efanayo nabantu abadala abangentla.
Usenokucinga ukuba, 'Ndineminyaka engama-50 ngoku, ndisempilweni, ngoko ke ndiyayidinga le nto?' Enyanisweni, ewe. Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-64 basengozini yesibini ephezulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala, okanye unesifo esinganyangekiyo esifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, okanye i-asthma, yindlela entle yokhuseleko ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane esi sitofu. Kuba izinga lokufa phakathi kwabantu abadala ngenxa yesi sifo liphezulu kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isitofu sokugonya i-pneumococcal sisikhuselo esibaluleke kakhulu kwizifo eziyingozi ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye ne-meningitis.
- Olu gonyo lucetyiswa ngokukodwa kubantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 kunye neminyaka emi-2 ubudala kunye nabo bonke abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na oneminyaka ubudala onezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, isifo sezintso, okanye umhlaza ukuba afumane olu gonyo.
- Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwigonyo zincinci kakhulu kwaye ziyaphela kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineenkxalabo malunga nokufumana olu gonyo, qiniseka ukuba nithetha nogqirha wosapho lwenu.
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