Njengoko iindaba zokuba uza kuba ngumama, kufuneka ujongane novavanyo oluninzi lwezonyango , akunjalo? Mhlawumbi uyoyika kancinci kwaye unomdla wokwazi ngezi mvavanyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba kuvele imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngaba kufuneka ndenze zonke ezi mvavanyo? Bafuna ntoni ngokwenene?" engqondweni. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula, malunga novavanyo olwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa .
Kutheni le nto ezi mvavanyo zibaluleke kangaka?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokucinga ngezi mvavanyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba wena nomntwana wakho niphilile. Uninzi lwexesha, iziphumo zezi mvavanyo zithi yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Hayi indlela ethuthuzela ngayo, akunjalo?
Ukongeza, ezi mvavanyo zenza enye into ebalulekileyo. Oko kukuthi, zinokuchonga iimeko ezithile ezinokunyangwa kwaye zinyangeke kwangethuba. Umzekelo, ezi mvavanyo zinokufumanisa ukuba unesifo esifana nokunqongophala kwesinyithi ( i-anemia ) okanye isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa. Ukuba unayo, ugqirha wakho angakuqala unyango olufunekayo ngaphambi kokuba lube yingozi.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhangela iingxaki zemfuza, umzekelo , i-Down syndrome , i-cystic fibrosis , okanye i-spina bifida . Kuqhelekile ukuba abazali bazive bexhalabile kancinci xa besiva ngezi mvavanyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha kukuba ezi mvavanyo zovavanyo zinika kuphela uqikelelo lomngcipheko. Azichazi ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuba nesifo esithile na . Zikuxelela kuphela ukuba kukho umngcipheko ophezulu kunesiqhelo kwaye ke ngoko ke ngaba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba loluphi uvavanyo olukufaneleyo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke le nto ngaphandle kokuzibamba . Qiniseka ukuba uyaqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba uvavanyo luza kujonge ntoni, ukuba luchane kangakanani, nokuba kukho naziphi na iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo, kunye namanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuba iziphumo azikho njengoko bekulindelwe.
Kulungile, makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinkulu oza kujongana nazo kwezi nyanga zisithoba.
Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwi-trimester yokuqala (iinyanga 1-3)
Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo eziqhele ukwenziwa kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
| Uvavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunye ne-Rh factor, ukhuseleko kwi-rubella (i-German measles), amanqanaba e-iron (i-hemoglobin), usulelo olufana ne-hepatitis B, i-syphilis, kunye ne-HIV ziyajongwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, umngcipheko wezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa ezifana ne-thalassemia kunye ne-sickle cell anemia nawo uyajongwa. |
| Uvavanyo lomchamo | I-hormone ye-hCG isetyenziselwa ukujonga usulelo lwezintso nokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa. Umchamo uvavanywa iswekile (uphawu lwesifo seswekile) kunye neproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-albumin (uphawu lwe-preeclampsia, imeko yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) ngexesha lokukhulelwa. |
| I-Pap Smear kunye nezinye iiSwabs | Uvavanyo lwePap lwenziwa ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Lunokujonga nezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo ezifana ne-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea, kunye nosulelo lweebhaktheriya olunokubangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukunyanga ezi zinto kunokunceda ukuthintela iingxaki kumntwana. |
| Isampuli yeChorionic Villus (CVS) | Olu vavanyo alufanele wonke umntu. Luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olucetyiswa kuphela koomama abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-35 okanye abo banembali yezifo zofuzo kusapho lwabo. Lwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12 kwaye lunokubona iziphene zofuzo ezifana ne-Down syndrome. Kukho umngcipheko omncinci kakhulu wokuphuphuma kwesisu we-1%. |
Masifunde nangovavanyo oluDibeneyo.
Kutshanje, kuye kwavela indlela ephucukileyo yokufumanisa umngcipheko wezifo ezifana neDown syndrome. Oku kuquka ukulinganisa i-hCG egazini likamama phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 neli-14.kunye namanqanaba e-PAP-A hormone . Ukongeza, kwenziwa i-ultrasound scan ukulinganisa ubukhulu besikhumba ngasemva kwentamo yomntwana (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -nuchal-translucency ). Iziphumo zazo zombini zidityanisiwe ukuze kubalwe umngcipheko.
Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwikota yesibini (iinyanga ezi-4-6)
Ezi zezinye zezona zilingo ziphambili ekuya kufuneka uzithathe ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
| Uvavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lweeMakethi ezininzi | Uvavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwezili-18. Lujonga amanqanaba e-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kunye nezinye iihomoni ezimbini eziveliswa ngumntwana. Ukuba la manqanaba angaqhelekanga, kunokubakho umngcipheko wemeko efana ne-Down syndrome okanye i-neural-tube defect. Khumbula, oku kuyingozi kuphela. |
| Iskeni ye-ultrasound | Olu vavanyo, oludla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-18 nezingama-20, lunokusetyenziselwa ukubona ngokucacileyo ukuba onke amalungu omntwana akhula ngokufanelekileyo na. Lunokujonga izinto ezininzi ezifana nokukhula komntwana, indlela umntwana abekwe ngayo, nokuba kukho amawele, kunye nokuba i-placenta ikuphi. Olu luvavanyo oluthandwa ngabazali abaninzi kuba banokubona umntwana wabo ngokucacileyo. |
| Ukuhlolwa kweglucose | Uvavanyo lokujonga isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-25 nama-28. Unikwa isiselo seswekile kwaye inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho lihlolwe emva kweyure. Ukuba ixabiso liphezulu, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-GTT (Glucose Tolerance Test) ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi. |
| I-Amniocentesis | Oku akufanelanga wonke umntu. Kucetyiswa kuphela phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ne-18 koomama abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-35, abanomngcipheko omkhulu wezifo zemfuza, okanye abaye bafumana iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lwangaphambili lokuhlolwa. Apha, kufakwa inaliti encinci esiswini, njengoko kubonwe kwiskeni, kwaye kuthathwa isampuli encinci yolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze usana. Oku kunokufumanisa iziphene zemfuza ngokuchanekileyo kwe-99%. Umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu uphantsi kakhulu, kwi-0.5%. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa aluyonto yokoyika, lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa impilo yakho nomntwana wakho.
- Uvavanyo oluninzi lufumanisa izifo ezinokunyangwa kwangethuba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuzalweni okunempilo.
- Uvavanyo lokuhlola izifo zofuzo lubonisa kuphela umngcipheko. Alubonisi ukuba umntwana unaso na esi sifo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga novavanyo, thetha ngalo ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho . Oku kuya kukunceda wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Olu hambo luhambo oluhle nolumangalisayo. Ezi mvavanyo ziluncedo nje ekwenzeni olo hambo lukhuseleke nangakumbi.
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