Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zemiphunga? Makhe sithethe ngeenkcukacha!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya? Okanye ukhwehlela okungapheliyo? Mhlawumbi uxinene esifubeni, uphefumla kancinci, okanye into efana nayo. Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, oko kungaba luphawu lwengxaki emiphungeni yakho. Kulapho ke kufuneka sibone ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zemiphunga, owaziwa ngokuba yi-"Pulmonologist".

Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zamaphaphu?

Ngamafutshane, "ingcali yezifo zemiphunga" ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene nemiphunga. Ngokuchanekileyo, unolwazi oluhle ngezifo ezenzeka "kwiNkqubo yethu yokuPhefumla" - oko kukuthi, iindlela zomoya (i-trachea, i-bronchi), iingxowa zomoya ezincinci ngaphakathi kwemiphunga "i-Alveoli", kunye nemithambo yegazi enxulumene nazo.

Usenokuba ukhe weva abanye abantu bebiza aba gqirha ngokuthi “oogqirha bemiphunga,” “iingcali zokuphefumla,” okanye “oogqirha besifuba.” Nangona kunjalo, onke la magama abhekisa kwingcali enye.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yezifo zamaphaphu?

Umsebenzi ophambili wengcali yezifo zamaphaphu kukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo nokunyanga izifo zenkqubo yokuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, le nkalo ibanzi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iingcali zezifo zamaphaphu zigxile kwezinye iindawo ezincinci.

Umzekelo:

• Unyango Olubalulekileyo: Abanye oogqirha bafumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokunyanga izigulana ezineengxaki zokuphefumla ezinzima kakhulu.
• Isifuba: Kukho abo bafunde ngakumbi ngeendlela ezithile zonyango lwezigulane zesifuba.
• Amayeza Okulala: Usenokuba ukhe weva ngabantu abarhonayo nabafuthaniselayo xa belele . Kukho oogqirha abangoochwephesha ekunyangeni izifo ezifana ne-"Sleep Apnea".
• Iingcali zePulmonology zabantwana: Ngokukodwa, oogqirha abaziingcali kwizifo zemiphunga kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
• Iingcali zeMiphunga yabantu abadala: Oogqirha abanika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwizifo zemiphunga kubantu abadala, abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Ziziphi iimeko ezinyangwa ziingcali ze-pulmonologists?

Iingcali zemiphunga zinyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo zokuphefumla kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili:

• I-Asbestosis
• I-Aspergillosis
• Isifuba
• I-Bronchiectasis
• I-Bronchitis - Le yimeko yexesha elide efuna ukuthunyelwa kwingcali.
• Isifo seBeryllium esingapheliyo (iBerylliosis)
• Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthinteleka Kwemiphunga (COPD): Esi sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu ababhema kakhulu.
• I-Pneumoconiosis Yabasebenzi Bamalahle - Isifo Semiphunga Esimnyama
• Icystic fibrosis
• I-Emphysema - Oku kukwayinxalenye ye-COPD.
• Isifo seMiphunga sangaphakathi
• Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla olubangelwa yi-COVID yexesha elide
• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-Silicosis
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kokulala
• Isifo sephepha

Olu luhlu aluphelelanga, kodwa ezi zezinye zezona meko zixhaphakileyo.

Kutheni kufuneka ubone ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwi-pulmonologist ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo sokuphefumla esifuna uvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukuba ubone i-pulmonologist ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukukhwehlela Okungapheliyo: Ukukhwehlela okuhlala iiveki ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa kufanele kube yimbangela yokukhathazeka.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Nangona kuqhelekile ukuziva uphelelwa ngamandla xa uzama kancinci, kunokuba nzima ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla nokuba umile nje.
• Ukwanda kwesifo sesifuba (Uhlaselo lweSifuba): Ukuba isifo sakho sesifuba asilawuleki kwaye siqala ukuxhaphaka.
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana: Oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo, kodwa kusenokuba ngenxa yengxaki yemiphunga.
• Ukuphefumla sisandi sokukhala esiphuma esifubeni.
• Iimpawu ze-sleep apnea: Umzekelo, ukozela kakhulu emini kunye nokurhona okukhulu.

Khawucinge nje, umhlobo wakho ebenokukhwehlela kangangeenyanga, kwaye nangona ethathe amayeza, akubonakali ngathi kuya kuba ngcono. Ugqirha wakhe wosapho umthumele kwingcali yezifo zamaphaphu. Kulapho ke sidinga khona uncedo olukhethekileyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa ubona ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu okokuqala?

Ukuba le yeyokuqala ubonana nogqirha wezifo zamaphaphu, uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango aze emva koko enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Ngeli xesha, ungaxoxa nogqirha ngezizathu zakho zokutyelela kunye neempawu zakho.

Khawucinge nje, bekuya kuba mnandi ukuba ubunokulungiselela kancinci ngaphambi kokuba uye kugqirha, njengokuba ufunda uviwo. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzibhala phantsi:

Izinto onokuzilungiselela ngaphambi kwentlanganiso:

• Unexesha elingakanani uneempawu?
• Ngaba ukhe waphawula naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu ? (umzekelo, izifo ezithile zokuphefumla,uxinezeleko, utshintsho oluthile lwemozulu).
• Ngaba kukho izinto ezenza iimpawu zakho zibe zimbi okanye zibe zimbi kakhulu ?
• Ngaba uyatshaya? Ngaba uyatshaya i-vape? Okanye wakha wayenza loo nto ngaphambili?
• Ngaba ujongene nezinto ezibangela i-allergies okanye izinto ezikucaphukisayo emiphungeni ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, okanye indawo ohlala kuyo ? (umz., umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu, iikhemikhali, iinkozo, iifama zezilwanyana, iintaka).
• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezifo zokuphefumla?
• Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo ongathanda ukuyibuza ugqirha ? (Kungcono ukuyibhala phantsi kwangethuba, kungenjalo unokuyilibala ngamanye amaxesha.)

Kunokwenzeka ntoni ekupheleni kwentlanganiso?

Emva kokuphonononga iimpawu zakho nokukuxilonga, ugqirha wakho unokuthi:

• Kuza kuthathwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi.
• Ucwangcisa utyelelo olulandelayo.
• Ucebisa unyango okanye ubhala amayeza.
• Ukuthunyelwa kwenye ingcali (umzekelo, ukuba ingxaki yakho kucingelwa ukuba inxulumene nesifo sentliziyo).

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa yingcali yezifo zamaphaphu?

Ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu ingayalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ekuxilongeni imeko yakho kwaye ikhethe unyango olufanelekileyo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezifana nosulelo emzimbeni kunye neempawu zezifo ezithile zemiphunga.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne-chest X-rays okanye i-CT scans (Computed Tomography Scans): Olu vavanyo lunokujonga imeko yemiphunga, kwaye nokuba kukho ithumba okanye enye into engaqhelekanga.
• Iimvavanyo zeMisebenzi yeMiphunga (ii-PFT): Ezi ziimvavanyo ezilinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo kunye nobungakanani bomoya onokuwuthatha nowukhuphayo.
• I-Spirometry: Le ikwayi-PFT. Ilinganisa ukuba uphefumla ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye ungakanani umoya owuphefumlayo nowukhuphayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Uvavanyo apho ityhubhu encinci enekhamera idluliselwa kwi-windpipe ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi kwemiphunga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iisampuli zezicubu (ii-biopsy) nazo zingathathwa ngale nkqubo.
• Izifundo Zokulala: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho na iimeko ezifana ne-Sleep Apnea.

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mvavanyo zisenokufuna ukuphinda-phinda okanye ezinye iimvavanyo zisenokufuna ukwenziwa ukuqinisekisa iziphumo. Ungakhathazeki ngaloo nto, konke kuxhomekeke ekukunikeni unyango olungcono.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi koGqirha oPhefumlayo kunye noGqirha oPhaphamayo?

Ngokubanzi, aba babini bangoochwephesha abafanayo. Oko kukuthi, 'i-Pulmonologist'. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha xa sithi 'uGqirha wokuPhefumla', kunokuthetha umntu ofana 'ne-Respiratory Therapist', 'i-Allergist', okanye 'uGqirha weTyala'. Bonke aba ngabantu abanceda ekulawuleni iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zemiphunga kunye nokuphefumla.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yentliziyo kunye nengcali yemiphunga?

Umahluko usekwe kwicandelo lobuchwephesha. Ingcali yentliziyo yingcali kwizifo zentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yentliziyo. Kwelinye icala, ingcali yePulmonologist yingcali kwizifo zemiphunga kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla.

Kodwa cinga ngayo, intliziyo nemiphunga yethu zizinto ezimbini ezisebenzisana kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba unemeko efana ne-`(Pulmonary Hypertension)` (pulmonary hypertension), kungafuneka ubone ugqirha wentliziyo kunye nogqirha wemiphunga. Kuba kwimeko enjalo, intliziyo kunye nemiphunga ziyachaphazeleka.

Uba njani yingcali yezifo zamaphaphu?

Ukuba yingcali yezifo zamaphaphu akuyonto ilula. Kufuna iminyaka emininzi yemfundo kunye noqeqesho olusebenzayo . Emva kokugqiba i-MBBS yakho, kufuneka wenze uqeqesho lwe-postgraduate kwi-Internal Medicine. Emva koko, kufuneka wenze i-fellowship kwi-Pulmonology. Abanye abantu baqeqeshwa nakwezinye izifundo ezizodwa, ezifana nezonyango ezingxamisekileyo. Olu luhambo olude kwaye lufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo!

Amaxesha amaninzi asicingi nokuphefumla, akunjalo? Kodwa, kuphela xa sinengxaki encinci apho siqonda khona ukubaluleka kwayo. Ukuba unesikhwehlela esingapheliyo, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla njengangaphambili, izifo zokuphefumla zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho wobomi bethu. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi meko zinokuba yingozi kwaye zihlale ubomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zinokulawulwa kakuhle ukuba zichongiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinyangwa.

Kulapho ke ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu ingena khona. Banoqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla kunye nokuba yintoni ebangela iimpawu ezifana nokukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Banokukunceda ulawule iimeko zakho zexesha elide kwaye benze ubomi bakho bube lula kancinci.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba kufuneka ubone ugqirha wezifo zamaphaphu, cela ingcebiso kugqirha wakho wosapho okanye komnye umboneleli wezempilo omthembayo. Baza kukwazi ukukuxelela into omawuyenze. Khumbula, imiphunga esempilweni ibalulekile kubomi obusempilweni!

"Ingcali yemiphunga, ingcali yemiphunga, izifo zokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumla okufutshane, isifuba, i-COPD