Ngaba umntwana wakho usisimumu kwezinye iindawo? Kubizwa ngokuba yiSelective Mutism - masithethe ngayo!

Umntwana wakho uyakuthanda ukuthetha ekhaya, ufunda rhoqo, kwaye uthetha kakhulu nangona edlala. Kodwa xa esiya esikolweni, emakhaya ezalamane, okanye kumatheko, ngaba umlomo wakhe ubonakala uthule ngokupheleleyo? Ngaba unqwala nje intloko yakhe aze angathethi xa umntu embuza into ethile? Unokucinga ukuba oku kukuhlazeka, okanye ukuba nenkani, okanye ukubhuda nje kancinci. Kodwa inokuba yinto enzulu, imeko yempilo yengqondo ebangelwa luloyiko kunye nexhala . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Selective Mutism'.

Yintoni i-Selective Mutism?

Ngamafutshane, i-Selective Mutism kukungakwazi ukuthetha kwiimeko ezithile zentlalo, kwiindawo apho uziva ungakhululekanga okanye usoyika khona. Oku akuyonjongo . Kwiindawo apho uziva uqhelene kwaye ukhuselekile, njengasekhaya, ungathetha ngaphandle kweengxaki. Kodwa kwiindawo ezifana nesikolo okanye kwiindawo apho kukho abantu ongabaziyo, ilizwi lakho libonakala libambekile.

Oku kwahlukile kumntu oneentloni nje. I-Selective mutism sisifo sokuxhalaba. Sidla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni, malunga neminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Sidla ngokuqatshelwa ngabantwana abasaqala isikolo kunye nabafundi bebanga lokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuchaphazela abantu abancinci kunye nabantu abadala.

Kuthiwa le meko ixhaphake kancinci kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe. Kodwa oko kusenokubangelwa ziimbono zoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ichaphazela abantu abangaphantsi komnye kwabayi-100.

Zithini iimpawu zomntu one-selective mutism?

Igama elithi "ukukhetha" kweli gama libonisa ukuba oku kwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezithile . Oko kukuthi, ungathetha ngaphandle kweengxaki kwiimeko apho uziva ukhululekile khona. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko apho uziva ungakhululekanga okanye usoyika, kuba nzima kakhulu, ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuthetha.

Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu abakwazi kuthetha kwaphela, ngelixa abanye bethetha ngendlela elinganiselweyo nelinganiselweyo.

Imeko yokungakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukusondela kuyo

Oku kuquka ukuphepha ukuthetha kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye ukuyeka ukuthetha ngokupheleleyo. Kungabonakala ngolu hlobo:

• Uziva ngathi awukwazi ukuthetha. Oku kwenzeka kuba ingqondo yakho ilukhuni ngenxa yoloyiko olugqithisileyo kunye nokuxhalaba. Nangona kubonakala ngathi awufuni ukuthetha, oku akusiyonto oyenzayo ngabom, kuyenzeka nje.
• Umzimba wakhe uxinezelekile kwaye ubonakala ngathi ubethelwe ngamatye. Njengenyamakazi ebanjwe kukukhanya kwaye isoyika.
• Kukho inkangeleko engenanto ebusweni .
• Ayibambi abantu emehlweni.
• Uyakuphepha okanye akathathi nxaxheba kwiincoko zoluntu . Khawuthelekelele, xa utitshala ebuza into ethile eklasini, lo mntwana ujonga phantsi ngelixa abanye abantwana bephendula.
• Abaceli izinto abazifunayo. Umzekelo, banokuya kwindlu yangasese esikolweni bengacelanga kutitshala, kwaye banokucela nento ethile ekwimpahla zabo.Kukho amaxesha apho kufuneka uchame khona .
• Uziphatha ngendlela ephazamisayo ngabom ukuze aphephe ukuthetha (umz., ukusokola, ukukhala).

Unxibelelwano olungengolwamazwi

• Endaweni yamagama , basebenzisa izandi eziqondwa ngumntu wonke, ezifana nokuthi "Uu huun" (ewe) kunye nokuthi "Ah ah" (hayi).
• Ukuze baphephe ukuthetha , babhala izinto phantsi baze benze izinto ezifana nokukubonisa into ethile encwadini .
• Usebenzisa izimbo zomzimba kunye nembonakalo yobuso endaweni yamagama (umz., ukunqwala, ukukhomba).

Ukuthetha kancinci okanye kancinci

• Lifikile ixesha lokuphendula.
• Baphendula ngegama elinye okanye amabini okanye basebenzisa izivakalisi ezimfutshane kakhulu.
• Bayathetha kancinci, bayathintitha, okanye bathethe kancinci kakhulu kwaye behlebeza.
• Uthetha ngelizwi elitshintshileyo (umz., njengerobhothi, okanye ngokutshintsha isandi selizwi lakhe eliqhelekileyo).

Kutheni le nto kukho le ntsholongwane yokwaluphala ekhethiweyo?

Iingcali azikayiqondi ngokupheleleyo imbangela yoku, kodwa zicinga ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokudlala indima.

Ezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo

I-Selective mutism inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Ezi azizo zodwa izizathu, kodwa abantu abanezi meko banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-selective mutism.

• Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Entlalweni: Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-mutism ekhethiweyo. Iingcali zithi phakathi kwama-75% kunye nama-100% abantu banokuba nazo zombini ezi mpawu.
• Uloyiko: Uloyiko olugqithisileyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
• Ezinye iingxaki zokuxhalaba.
• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum.
• Ukwahlukana nexhala: Uloyiko olugqithisileyo lokuhlukaniswa nabazali.
• Ingxaki Yoxinzelelo Emva Kwengozi (PTSD): Uxinzelelo lwengqondo oluvela emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu.

Imbali yosapho okanye iimpembelelo zemfuza

Iingxaki zokuxhalaba zinokungena kwiintsapho. Umntu one-selective mutism unamathuba amaninzi okuba nesalamane esisondeleyo (umzali, umntakwenu, umntwana) esinesifo okanye esinye isifo sokuxhalaba.

Ezinye iingxaki zokuthetha

Abanye abantwana banokuba ne-selective mutism ngenxa yokuxhalabela indlela abathetha ngayo okanye ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye (umz., iingxaki zokuva , ukulibaziseka ekufundeni).

Ingabangelwa naziingxaki zokuthetha, ezinje ngokuphazamiseka kokuthetha kakuhle . Abanye abantwana banokuba ne-selective mutism kuba bengathandi ilizwi labo okanye besoyika indlela elivakala ngayo xa bethetha.

Izinto zentlalo

Ezinye izinto zentlalo zinokubangela ukuba abantwana bakhulele kwi-mutism ekhethiweyo.

• Ukuxhatshazwa ngabanye abantu.
• Iziganeko ezibuhlungu okanye ukuxhatshazwa.
• Iingxaki zosapho (umz., ukuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo, ngamazwi, okanye ngokwasemzimbeni ekhaya).
• Ukufudukela kwilizwe okanye kummandla apho kuthethwa ulwimi olwahlukileyo oluphambili.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-selective mutism?

Le meko inokuba nemiphumo emibi ebomini bakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

• Ukungakhululeki ekuhlaleni, ukuba wedwa, okanye ukuba wedwa.
• Ukuphuhliswa kwezinye iimeko okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuxhalaba.
• Impembelelo kwimisebenzi yemfundo okanye ekusebenzeni kakuhle komsebenzi .

Uyixilonga njani le nto?

I-Selective mutism idla ngokuchongwa yingcali yezempilo yengqondo , njengogqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Iingcali zePathology zoLwimi lokuThetha okanye iingcali zeNtetho zinokunceda ekuthinteleni ezinye iimeko kwaye zenze uxilongo.

Ugqirha uxilonga le meko ngokujonga iimpawu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Baza kukubuza imibuzo (okanye umntwana wakho) malunga nezi zinto kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuba negalelo koku.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa imibuzo kunye noluhlu lokujonga ukuze abone ukuba unayo na le meko. Ngokutsho kwe -DSM-5 ye-American Psychiatric Association (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, uhlelo lwesihlanu lombhalo ohlengahlengisiweyo™) , ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-selective mutism, kufuneka uhlangabezane nale miqathango mihlanu:

1. Ukungathethi rhoqo kwiimeko apho kulindeleke ukuba uthethe khona, kodwa akukho ngxaki yokuthetha ngamanye amaxesha.

2. Ukungathethi kuchaphazela ubomi bentlalo, bemfundo, okanye bomsebenzi .

3. Ukungakwazi ukuthetha kuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kwenyanga.

4. Ukungathethi akuthethi ukuba awukwazi ukuthetha okanye ukuqonda ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngabanye.

5. Ubunzima bokuthetha abunakubangelwa yenye ingxaki yokuthetha, njengokungathintitha . Kwakhona, ayinakunxulunyaniswa kuphela ne -autism spectrum disorder , i-schizophrenia spectrum disorders, okanye ezinye iimeko zengqondo .

Ngaba ikhona indlela yonyango? Ngaba inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngonyango, ubunzima beempawu kunye nokuvela kwazo rhoqo kunokuncipha. Ukuba ziqatshelwe kwaye zinyangwa kwangethuba, abanye abantu banokude bafikelele esiphelweni seempawu.

Ezona ndlela zonyango zixhaphakileyo zezi:

Unyango lwempilo yengqondo

Unyango lwempilo yengqondo (ingakumbi iCognitive Behavioral Therapy okanye i-CBT)) ludla ngokuba lolona nyango lokuqala olusetyenziswayo. Lulo oluvelisa iziphumo ezininzi. Unyango lokuziphatha lukunceda uqonde kwaye ujongane noxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimvakalelo ezibangela i-mutism ekhethiweyo. Lukwakunceda ukulawula iindlela zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo ezinokuhamba nale meko.

Xa kunyangwa abantwana ngolu nyango, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abanakekeli babo (abazali, abagcini). Inkxaso yabo ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yonyango.

Unyango lweNtetho

Unyango lokuthetha lubandakanya ukusebenza nogqirha wengqondo. Oku kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi xa kukho i-selective mutism kunye nengxaki yokuthetha.

Amayeza

Ukuba unyango lwempilo yengqondo okanye unyango lokuthetha lodwa alusebenzi, amayeza angasetyenziswa njengenxalenye yonyango.

Amayeza aqhelekileyo onyango lwe-selective mutism yi -SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) . Nangona la mayeza esetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga uxinzelelo, anokunceda nakwiingxaki zokuxhalaba ezifana ne-selective mutism. Amanye amayeza anokunceda. Ugqirha wakho (okanye ugqirha womntwana wakho) unokukuxelela okungakumbi ngale mayeza aze akuncede ukhethe eyona ifanelekileyo kuwe.

Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngemiphumo emibi yamayeza.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba mna okanye umntwana wam une-mutism ekhethiweyo?

Ukuba umntwana unale meko, inokuchaphazela umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo, indlela asebenzisana ngayo nabahlobo, kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukwenza abahlobo. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana banokulingeka ukuba bathule, nokuba kwiimeko ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuba une-selective mutism xa umdala, ingaqhubeka inemiphumo emibi. Ingenza kube nzima ukwenza abahlobo nokwakha ubudlelwane (bentlalo, bobuchwephesha, bothando). Ingachaphazela nezifundo zakho nomsebenzi wakho.

Kwabaninzi, iimpawu zibonakala ziphela njengoko bekhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zihlala zikho kwaye zinokufana nezinye iingxaki zokuxhalaba (ingakumbi ixhala loluntu).

Ukuba iqatshelwe kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, iziphumo zilungile kakhulu. Ukuba iqatshelwe kwaye inyangwa kwasebuntwaneni, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphelisa le meko okanye bamelane nayo baze baphile nayo. Emva koko ayizukuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi babo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayiqatshelwa kwaye ayinyangwa, iziphumo azibi ntle kangako. Le ayisiyongxaki, kodwa iziphumo ezimbi zinokuba nkulu.

Ngaba i-selective mutism ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, i-selective mutism ayinakuthintelwa. Iingcali aziqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni ebangela oku, ngoko ke akukho ndlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba kwenzeke.

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam ukuba une-mutism ekhethiweyo?

Usenokuziva ukhathazekile xa umntwana wakho engathethi kwiimeko ezithile, naxa uthi, "Thetha, thetha," kodwa yena akathethi. Oku kuxhalaba kunokuba mkhulu ngakumbi xa umntwana wakho ezama ukuphepha ukuthetha, njengokulila.

Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-selective mutism yimeko yempilo yengqondo. Asiyonto umntwana wakho anokuyilawula. Kodwa, ungayilawula imeko yomntwana wakho kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kwiimpawu zakhe.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo onokuthi uzikhumbule:

• Yenza umntwana wakho azive ekhululekile kwaye ekhuselekile. Musa ukumtyhala okanye ukumngxamela kwiindawo apho anokuziva esoyika okanye exhalabile khona. Akuyonto ilungileyo ukuthetha ngale ngxaki phambi kwakhe, kuba inokumenza azive eneentloni aze oyike nangakumbi.
• Yehlisa uloyiko kunye nexhala, uze uqhubeke. Qala ngokukhuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba aveze iimvakalelo zakhe ngeendlela aziva ekhululekile ngazo. Okokuqala, mzise kancinci kancinci kwiincoko zoluntu, uze umncede athethe.
• Yiba nomonde kwaye unike umntwana wakho ixesha lokuthetha. Ukuba uthetha egameni lakhe, usenokuziva ngathi wenza impazamo. Oku kuya kwenza kube nzima kuye ukoyisa uloyiko lwakhe kunye nokuxhalaba malunga nokuthetha. Mncede aqonde ukuba kulungile ukucinga ngaphambi kokuba aphendule, kwaye azinike ixesha lakhe.
• Mncome ngemizamo yakhe. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyathetha, mncome ngaloo nto. Mnike umvuzo (ngamazwi) ngento ayenzileyo. Menze azive ekhululekile ngokuthetha.
• Musa ukuzama ukubakhuthaza ngokubahlwaya. Abantwana aboyika ukohlwaywa ukuba abathethi banokufumana kunzima ukuthetha kuba baya koyika ngakumbi.

Ziziphi izinto "ezibangela" i-mutism ekhethiweyo?

"Izinto ezibangela ukuba umntu onesifo sofuba angakwazi ukuthetha" zizinto ezibangela ukuba umntu onesifo esinjalo angakwazi ukuthetha. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yile:

• Kuvakala ngathi abanye abantu basondelelene kakhulu, kuvakala ngathi bangena kwimida yabo .
• Abanye bathetha ngokuvakalayo kwaye baziphatha kakubi.
• Abantu abatsha, abantu abangaziwayo.
• Iimpawu zomzimba zabanye abantu, umzekelo , abantu abade kakhulu nababonakala bekhulu.
• Izenzo okanye iindlela zokuziphatha zabanye abantu, umz., abantu ababonakala bexhalabile, bengenabuhlobo, okanye abenza izenzo ezimbi .
• Iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye nengxolo engaphezulu.
• Iindawo ezinxulumene neenkumbulo ezibuhlungu nezingathandekiyo.
• Iindawo endingazange ndiziye ngaphambili.
• Kutsha ngokupheleleyo, okanye iimeko apho umntwana ebenamava angaphumelelanga ngaphambili.

Ezi zezinye zezinto ezibangela iingxaki ezixhaphakileyo. Abanye abantu banokuba nezinto ezibangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo nezicacileyo kunezi. Izinto ezibangela iingxaki zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngaba i-selective mutism luhlobo lwe-autism?

Hayi, iSelective Mutism kunye neAutism Spectrum Disorder ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-autism banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-selective mutism.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Selective mutism yimeko apho umntwana engakwazi ukuthetha ngenxa yoloyiko okanye ixhala. Idla ngokuqala kwasebuntwaneni esikolweni, kodwa inokuchaphazela nabantu abancinci kunye nabantu abadala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba abantwana abanale meko ababi nenkani okanye abaphenduli. Ayisiyonto banokuyilawula ngokwabo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-selective mutism, thetha nogqirha wabantwana okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezempilo. Kukho unyango olufumanekayo, kwaye xa unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono. Ngokukhuthazwa kwakho kunye nenkxaso, umntwana wakho unokufunda ukuthetha ngokwakhe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa lilizwi lakhe ngenxa yoloyiko okanye ixhala.

Ukukhetha ukungathethi, ukungathethi, impilo yengqondo yabantwana, ixhala, uloyiko loluntu, iingxaki zokuthetha, ukuziphatha kwabantwana