Ingaba kuyingozi ukuphefumla umsi osuka emlilweni? (Ukuphefumla Umsi) Masiqaphele oku!

Ngaba wakha wasondela emlilweni waza waziva ungakhululekanga ngenxa yomsi ophuma kuwo? Mhlawumbi yayingumlilo ekhitshini ekhaya, umlilo emotweni endleleni, umlilo ehlathini, okanye xa umntu etshisa indawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umsi esiwuphefumlayo unokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindlela yethu yokuphefumla kunye nemiphunga. Akupheleli apho, kodwa ezinye zeekhemikhali ezinobungozi ezikule msi, ezifana ne-`(Carbon Monoxide)` (Carbon Monoxide) kunye ne-`(Cyanide)` (Cyanide), zinokuba yingozi ebomini xa ziphefunywa ngobuninzi. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni ukuphefumla umsi? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ukuphefumla umsi kuxa siphefumla umsi omninzi. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kwiindawo apho kukho umlilo. Lo msi unamasuntswana amancinci angabonakaliyo emehlweni, kunye neegesi ezininzi ezinobuthi. Ezi zingena empumlweni nasemlonyeni wethu kwaye zonakalise inkqubo yokuphefumla.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba kukho umlilo endlwini, umsi uzalisa igumbi. Emva koko umntu okhoyo kufuneka aphefumle loo msi. Ngamanye amaxesha, nomsi ovela kumlilo wehlathi okude unokwenzakalisa amehlo ethu, impumlo, nomqala. Ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sokuphefumla esihlala ixesha elide njenge-`(COPD)` (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) okanye `(Asthma)` (Asthma), nokuba ngumsi omncinci kunokuba nzima kuwe.

Ukuba usemlilweni kwaye ucinga ukuba usenokuba uphefumle umsi, okanye ukuba uneempawu zokuphefumla umsi, kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlele okanye ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa uphefumla umsi? Lumka ezi mpawu!

Ukuphefumla umsi kunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zinokubonakala ngathi azinangxaki kangako, kodwa ezinye zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zivakala ziqhelekile na kuwe:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Kuvakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyaxina, kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla.
• Ilizwi liyarhashaza: Xa lithetha, ilizwi liyatshintsha lize lirhashaze.
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana: Usenokuziva ngathi isifuba sakho siyabuhlungu ngaphakathi, okanye ngathi kukho into esicinezelayo.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu: Uvakala ngathi uqhoqhoqho, ubuhlungu xa uginya.
• Ukukhwehlela: Usenokuba nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Usenokukhwehlela nokuphuma kwencindi emnyama.
• Ukuphefumla: Xa uphefumla, wenza isandi esikhulu nesirhawuzelayo ngaphakathi esifubeni sakho, esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Wheezing." Ngamanye amaxesha, isandi esikhulu siphuma emqaleni wakho, njenge-"Stridor," esikwaluphawu oluyingozi.
• Isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu: Usenokuba nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu kwaye usenokuziva unesizungu.
• Ukudideka: Usenokungakwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo, uze ungabi nangqondo.
• Ukuquleka: Ungalahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso uze uwe.
• Ukuxhuzula: Abanye abantu banokudibana neemeko ezifana nokuxhuzula.

Khawucinge nje, ngamanye amaxesha xa sikhanyisa amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi, umsi ophuma kuwo ungena emizimbeni yethu, kodwa amehlo ethu ayatsha kwaye impumlo yethu ivakala ngathi ivala umqala wethu, akunjalo? Umntu one-asthma unokuba ne-"Asthma Attack". Ngoko ke ziqaphele ezi mpawu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uphefumla umsi omninzi?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuphefumla umsi omninzi onokulimaza imizimba yethu.

1. Ubushushu bomsi: Umsi ovela emlilweni ushushu kakhulu. Olu bushushu lungatshisa indlela yethu yokuphefumla ephezulu, oko kuthetha impumlo, umlomo, nomqala. Oku kunokubangela ukudumba kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumla.

2. Umonakalo weekhemikhali: Iigesi ezinobungozi, iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, kunye namasuntswana omsi kumsi zihamba ziye kwindlela yethu yokuphefumla esezantsi kunye nemiphunga, zonakalisa iiseli apho. Emva koko zinokudumba kwaye zivuvuke. Njengenxeba.

3. Ukungabikho kweoksijini: Iikhemikhali eziyingozi ezifana ne-`(Carbon Monoxide)` emsini zingena egazini lethu. Emva koko i-`(Oxygen)` esegazini iyayeka ukuthwalelwa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ingakumbi ingqondo nentliziyo. Ngaphandle kwe-`(Oxygen)` amalungu ethu awakwazi ukusebenza. Yiyo loo nto oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Ityhefu `(Cyanide)` ikwabangela imeko apho iiseli zingenakusebenzisa `(Oxygen)`.

Zeziphi iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokubangela oku?

Ukuba ukuphefumla umsi akuphathwanga kakuhle, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu nezisongela ubomi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Olu luhlobo olukhawulezileyo nolunzima lokusilela kwemiphunga. Ngokukodwa, iingxowa zomoya ezikwimiphunga zizaliswa lulwelo, zithintela ioksijini ukuba ingangeni, kwaye zenze kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• (Asphyxiation): Ngamafutshane, ukungabikho kwe-`(Oxygen)` emzimbeni kuthetha ukufuthaniseka.
• (Ukungakhumbuli): Ukuba ungazi nto ixesha elide.
• (Isifo Sentliziyo): Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.
• I-Methemoglobinemia: Esi sisifo esinxulumene negazi. Kule meko, i-hemoglobin esegazini lethu ayikwazi ukubopha ngokuchanekileyo ``(i-oksijini)'', ithintele ukuba ingafikeleli kwizicwili.
• I-Pneumonitis: Ukudumba kwemiphunga, oko kuthetha imeko engabangelwa kukudumba okanye usulelo.
• Ukudumba kweMiphunga: Amanzi aqokelelana kwiingxowa zomoya zemiphunga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ioksijini ifikelele egazini.
• Istroke: Imeko efana nokukhubazeka inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni.

Kuyoyikisa ukuva ezi zinto, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uphefumla umsi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Enyanisweni, ukuphefumla umsi akulunganga nakubani na. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu ezivela nokuba ngumsi omncinci. Nazi:

• Abantu abanezifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma.
• Abantu abaneSifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD).
• Abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-COPD.
• Abantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo.

Kwakhona, lo mngcipheko uphezulu koomama abakhulelweyo nakubantwana abancinci . Iziphumo koomama abakhulelweyo zinokuchaphazela nosana. Abantwana abancinci nabo bachaphazeleka ngokukhawuleza kuba iinkqubo zabo zokuphefumla zisakhula.

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko?

Singayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuphefumla lo msi? Kulungile, makhe sibone.

• Lumka ngomgangatho womoya: Ungafumanisa ukuba kukho umsi nothuli oluninzi emoyeni kwindawo okuyo kwiingxelo zemozulu, okanye kwezinye `(iiWebhusayithi)` kunye `(iiApps)`.
• Hlala endlini ngeentsuku zomoya ongemhle: Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umoya unuka kakhulu, hlala endlini kangangoko unako kwaye ugcine iifestile neengcango zivaliwe. Ukuba une-"Air Conditioner" ekhayeni lakho, yisebenzise. Oku kuya "kucoca" umoya ongena endlwini ngandlela ithile.
• Sebenzisa `(isihluzi se-HEPA)`: Ukuze ugcine umoya ekhayeni lakho ucocekile, yingcinga elungileyo ukusebenzisa `(Isicoci somoya)` esine `(HEPA - High-Efficiency Particulate Air)` (High
• Nxiba i-`(Mask)` elungileyo (Mask): Ukuba kufuneka uphume ngeenjongo ezibalulekileyo, nxiba i-`(Respirator Mask)` (Breathing Mask) efanelana kakuhle nobuso bakho, njenge-`(N95)`. Ilaphu eliqhelekileyo `(Mask)` alinakukwazi ukuvala la masuntswana omsi amancinci ngempumelelo.

Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?

Xa usiya esibhedlele, nokuba ubhaqwe ngumlilo okanye uphefumle umsi, oogqirha baya kukubuza ngeempawu zakho baze bakuhlole. Banokwenza novavanyo oluthile, olufana nolu:

• I-Pulse Oximetry: Isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-clip sibekwa emnweni wakho size silinganise inqanaba le-"Oxygen" egazini lakho. Oku kunokubonisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba une-"Oxygen" ephantsi.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-carbon monoxide kunye namanqanaba eoksijini egazini.
• I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan: Ukujonga ukuba kukho umonakalo na emiphungeni.
• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga: Jonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• (Igesi Yegazi Emithanjeni - ABG): Olu luvavanyo lwegazi. Igazi lithathwa kumthambo osengalweni kwaye ibhalansi yegazi (i-Oxygen)`, i-`(Carbon Dioxide)` kunye ne-acid-base balance ziyajongwa.
• (I-Bronchoscopy):Ngamanye amaxesha, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci (i-bronchoscope) ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi kwimigudu yomoya. Oku kuvumela ukubona izinto ezinje ngokudumba, ukudumba, kunye nokuvaleka kwemigudu yomoya.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Ukuba ukwimeko engxamisekileyo kufutshane nomlilo okanye ukuba uphefumla umsi omninzi, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukufika emoyeni omtsha ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko kufuneka ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngoko nangoko. Olu nyango lulandelayo lunokunikwa esibhedlele:

• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo: Ioksijini inikwa nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kusetyenziswa unyango olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Kule meko, isigulana sifakwa kwigumbi elinika ioksijini eyi-100% phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kuvumela izicubu zomzimba ukuba zifumane ioksijini ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi kwiimeko zetyhefu ye-carbon monoxide.
• Iibronchodilators: La ngamayeza andisa indlela yomoya. Anganikwa njenge-inhaler okanye nge-nebulizer. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphefumla.
• I-Mucolytics: Amayeza anceda ekunciphiseni i-mucus emiphungeni kwaye enze kube lula ukuyikhupha.
• Iianticoagulants: Amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi. La mayeza anokufuneka kwezinye iimeko zokuphefumla umsi.
• (I-Hydroxocobalamin): Olu luhlobo lwe-`(Vitamin B12)`. Inikwa njengonyango lwetyhefu ye-`(Cyanide)`.
• (I-Methylene Blue): Iyeza elikhethekileyo elinikwayo kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Methemoglobinemia".
• (Intubation)` kunye `(Mechanical Ventilation)`: Ukuba imeko yakho imbi kakhulu kangangokuba awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, oogqirha baza kufaka ityhubhu kwi-windpipe yakho (`(Intubation)`) baze baqale ukuphefumla ngomatshini (`(Ventilator)`) (`(Mechanical Ventilation)`).

Ndingenza ntoni xa ndiphefumla umsi?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba usemlilweni, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba uphefumle umsi omninzi, musa ukucinga kabini, ungalibazisi umzuzwana, kwaye funa uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko. Nokuba uzive uphilile ngelo xesha, umonakalo othile uza kubonakala kamva. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukubona ugqirha kwaye wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo. Unyango lwangethuba lunokusindisa ubomi, ungaze ulibale loo nto.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze uphile koku lixhomekeke kubungakanani bomonakalo owenzekileyo. Impembelelo encinci ingasonjululwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imiphunga yakho yonakele kakhulu, kungathatha iiveki, okanye iinyanga, ukuba iphile ngokupheleleyo. Oogqirha baya kukugcina esibhedlele ude ukwazi ukuya ekhaya ukhuselekile kwaye uphile. Ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, kufuneka uthathe amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Kufuneka uphumze imiphunga yakho. Kufuneka uziphephe ngokupheleleyo iindawo ezinentuthu.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo, ungakhumbula izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuphefumla umsi akufuneki kuthathwe lula. Musa ukucinga ukuba, 'Owu, yinto enkulu ukubona ugqirha, ukuze nje ukhohlele kancinci.' Kuba iziphumo zoku ngamanye amaxesha zinokubulala.

• Ukuphefumla umsi ovela emlilweni kuyingozi kakhulu. Kungonakalisa indlela yakho yokuphefumla kunye nomzimba wakho wonke.
• Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, iintlungu zesifuba, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye nesiyezi. Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu ezilumkisayo.
• Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba ukhe watshaya, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Unyango olukhawulezileyo alunakusindisa ubomi bakho kuphela, kodwa lunokuthintela neengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide.
• Lumka ngomgangatho womoya. Ukuba uphuma ngaphandle ngeentsuku apho kukho umsi okanye uthuli oluninzi, nxiba imaski yokukhusela.
• Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela iingozi zomlilo ekhayeni lakho. Faka izixhobo zokubona umsi.

Ukhuseleko lwakho kunye nokhuseleko losapho lwakho zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo. Hlala usempilweni!

Ukuphefumla Umsi , Umlilo, Umsi, Isifo sokuphefumla, Imiphunga, Unyango oluNgxamisekileyo