Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umoya esiwuphefumlayo, oko kukuthi, ioksijini, ufikelela njani emiphungeni yethu? Kukho 'ityhubhu' ekhethekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa engathethwa rhoqo, emzimbeni wethu enceda kulo msebenzi. Sidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi " bronchi ". Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-trachea, okanye ngesiNgesi, 'i-trachea'. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula.
Yintoni i-trachea?
Ngamafutshane, i-trachea yityhubhu ende, enomfanekiso ka-U edibanisa i-larynx yakho, eyibhokisi yelizwi lakho, kunye nemiphunga yakho. Yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa uphefumla, umoya ungena ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo, udlule emqaleni, uze ungene kwingqula yakho. Emva koko, umoya uhamba nge-trachea yakho, apho yahlulahlula ibe ngamasebe amabini abizwa ngokuba yi-bronchi, aze angene emiphungeni yakho. I-trachea imile njengesiqu se-Y.
Yintoni umthi we-tracheobronchial?
Nangona eli ligama elikhulu, le ngcamango ilula kakhulu. I-trachea yakho yinxalenye yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"tracheobronchial tree." Enyanisweni, le yindlela yonke apho umoya uhamba khona ukuya emiphungeni kwaye kwenzeka ukutshintshiselana kwegesi (oko kukuthi, ukungenisa ioksijini nokukhupha ikharbon dioxide).
Iindawo eziphambili zalo mthi zezi:
- I-Trachea: Le yinxalenye ebonakala ngathi sisiqu esiphambili somthi.
- Ibronchi: Amasebe amabini amakhulu ahlukana kufutshane nomnyango wemiphunga.
- Iibronchioles: La ngamasebe amancinci ahluma ukusuka kwamakhulu aze asasazeke kuwo wonke amaphaphu, njengamasebe omthi ahlumayo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngale nto? Umsebenzi we-trachea
Umsebenzi oyintloko nobaluleke kakhulu we-trachea kukuthwala umoya ungene kwaye uphume emiphungeni. Le tube inamandla kancinci, kodwa iguquguquka, kwaye inika indlela ehlala ihleli yokuba ioksijini ingene emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.
Nantsi indlela i-trachea esebenza ngayo kunye nenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla xa uphefumla:
1. Ukuphefumla:
- Okokuqala, umoya ungena empumlweni nasemlonyeni wakho uze ungene kwi-trachea yakho.
- Emva koko ihamba nge-trachea ize ingene kwi-bronchi yasekunene neyasekhohlo.
- Ukusuka apho, ingena ngakumbi emiphungeni nge-bronchioles encinci.
- Ekugqibeleni, iyahamba iye kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci ezikwimiphunga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Kulapho umzimba wakho uthatha khona ioksijini emoyeni uze ukhuphe i-carbon dioxide engafunekiyo egazini iye emoyeni.
2. Ukukhupha umoya:
- Xa ukhupha umoya, le nkqubo ifanayo yenzeka ngokuchaseneyo. Oko kukuthi, umoya ozaliswe yi-carbon dioxide ovela ezimpumlweni unyuka nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kunye ne-bronchioles, uze uphume ngempumlo nasemlonyeni.
Ngamafutshane, i-trachea ifana nomgaqo omkhulu oya emiphungeni yethu. Yindlela ephambili yokuhamba komoya.
Iphi le trachea? Ingakanani?
Umbhobho wakho womoya ufumaneka kwinxalenye esezantsi yentamo yakho nakwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sakho, ngaphantsi nje kwengxolo yakho (ibhokisi yelizwi). Ufumaneka ezantsi kwentamo yakho, emva komngxuma omncinci apho amathambo amabini ekhola adibana khona. Ukwafumaneka phambi kombhobho wokutya, umqala, apho siginya khona ukutya.
I-trachea eqhelekileyo yomntu omdala imalunga ne-intshi ezi-4 (iisentimitha ezili-10) ubude , obumalunga nobubanzi besandla sakho. Ikwamalunga ne-intshi ezi-2.5 ububanzi , obumalunga nobubanzi bobhontsi bomntu omdala.
Yenziwe ngantoni i-trachea? Isakhiwo esimangalisayo
I-trachea ayisiyonto nje ityhubhu. Yenzelwe ngokukodwa. Yenziwe ngeeringi ze-cartilage ezimalunga ne-16 ukuya kwi-20 ezidityanisiweyo. I-cartilage sisicwili esomeleleyo nesiguquguqukayo esifumaneka kwiindawo ezifana neendlebe zethu kunye nencam yempumlo yethu. Ezi ringi ze-cartilage zigcina i-trachea ivulekile ngaphandle kokuyivala.
Kukwakho nendlela emangalisayo ngaphakathi kwi-trachea. Makhe sijonge loo nto.
| Inxalenye ye-trachea | Umsebenzi ewenzayo |
|---|---|
| Amaringi e-cartilage | Ezi zimile njengonobumba u-C. Ngenxa yezi, indlela yomoya ihlala ivulekile, ngaphandle kokuvaleka. |
| IMucosa | I-membrane emanzi ejikeleze ingaphakathi leendlela zomoya. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo kule membrane zivelisa into enamathelayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucus. |
| I-Mucus | Xa siphefumla, izinto ezinje ngothuli, ipollen, kunye neentsholongwane ezisemoyeni zinamathela kule mucus kwaye ziyithintele ukuba ingangeni emiphungeni, njengeqhekeza leglu. |
| I-Cilia | Ezi zizinto ezincinci ezifana neenwele ngaphakathi kwi-trachea. Ziyanyuka zize zihle ngendlela enesingqi, zityhala umhluzi obambe uthuli ubuyele emqaleni. Emva koko siyawuginya singazi okanye siwutshice. |
| Umsipha weTrachealis | Lo ngumsipha ophakathi kweeringi ze-cartilage. Xa sikhwehlela, lo msipha uyancipha kwaye unciphise indlela yomoya. Emva koko umoya uphuma ngokukhawuleza, njengombhobho wamanzi ocinezelweyo kwaye amanzi aphuma. Oku kuvumela ukuba i-mucus kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo zikhutshwe lula. |
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela indlela yokuphefumla?
Njengalo naliphi na elinye ilungu lomzimba, indlela yokuphefumla inokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- Umhlaza we-tracheal: Umhlaza oqala kwiiseli ze-trachea.
- Ukuvaleka kwe-trachea: Ukuvaleka kwe-trachea ngenxa yento yangaphandle okanye ithumba.
- I-Tracheal stenosis: Ukuncitshiswa kwe-trachea ngenxa yosulelo, ingozi, okanye esinye isizathu. Oku kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- I-Tracheitis: Ukudumba nokudumba kwe-trachea, okubangelwa lusulelo olufana nomkhuhlane. Ukukhwehlela luphawu oluphambili.
- I-Tracheoesophageal fistula: Ukuvulwa okanye unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi kwe-trachea kunye ne-esophagus (umbhobho wokutya). Le yimeko edla ngokuba yimeko yokuzalwa.
- I-Tracheomalacia: Imeko apho i-cartilage kwi-trachea, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, iba buthathaka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inciphe xa iphefumla.
Siyigcina njani inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla isempilweni?
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula onokuzenza ukuze ugcine indlela yakho yomoya, imiphunga, kunye nenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla isempilweni:
- Kuphephe ukutshaya:Yeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukuphefumla umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu xa abanye betshaya.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obuhambelana nobude bakho kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga kuqinisa imiphunga yakho kunye nentliziyo yakho.
- Zikhusele kwiityhefu ezibangelwa ngumoya: Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kungcoliseko lomoya, umsi weekhemikhali, kunye nothuli oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Gcina ikhaya lakho licocekile: Tshintsha izihluzi zomoya zekhaya lakho ngexesha. Coca kwaye uthulise ikhaya lakho rhoqo.
- Nxiba imaski yobuso ekhuselayo: Ukuba uhlala ujongene nezinto ezibangela i-allergen, uthuli, okanye umsi weekhemikhali emsebenzini okanye kwenye indawo, qiniseka ukuba unxibe imaski yobuso efanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo!
Ubunzima bokuphefumla abuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula . Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo zobunzima bokuphefumla, fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane i-ambulensi okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele esikufutshane (ETU).
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso - qaphela ngokukhawuleza! | |
|---|---|
| Ukurhoxa kwesifuba | Isifuba, ingakumbi inxalenye esezantsi yesifuba nendawo ephakathi kweembambo, sivakala ngathi siyatshona xa uphefumla. |
| Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/ongwevu/okhanyayo ojikeleze umlomo | Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ongwevu, okanye ongwevu ngaphakathi emlonyeni okanye ngeenxa zonke emilebeni. Olu luphawu lokuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. |
| Ukugquma | Isandi esifutshane sokuphefumla xa ukhupha umoya. |
| Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla | Ukunyuka kakhulu kwesantya sokuphefumla ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo (njengokungathi ngexesha lokuzilolonga). |
| Ukuvutha kwempumlo | Iimpumlo ziyavuleka kwaye ziyafinyela xa uphefumla, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. |
| Ukubila ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukubila okugqithisileyo ngaphandle kokunyuka kobushushu bomzimba (umkhuhlane). |
| Ukuphefumla | Ukuva isandi esiphezulu nesivakalayo esiphuma esifubeni xa uphefumlela ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle. |
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ungazami ukuzinyanga ekhaya. Yonke imizuzwana ixabisekile. Bona ugqirha wakho okanye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-trachea yeyona " bronchi " iphambili edibanisa ibhokisi yethu yelizwi kunye nemiphunga.
- Eli lilungu elibaluleke kakhulu, eliyimfuneko kuthi ukuze siphefumle.
- I-mucus kunye ne-cilia ngaphakathi kwimigudu yomoya zisebenza njengenkqubo yendalo yokuzikhusela ethintela uthuli kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emiphungeni.
- Iimpawu ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, ukuqina kwesifuba, kunye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujikeleze umlomo ziimeko ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
- Izinto ezilula ezifana nokuphepha ukutshaya, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuzikhusela kungcoliseko lomoya zinokugcina yonke inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla isempilweni.
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