Usenokuba ukhe wabona okanye weva ukuba umntu unikwa ukutya okumanzi ngetyhubhu xa engakwazi ukutya ngomlomo. Oku kusenokuvakala kuyoyikisa kwaye kungaqhelekanga. Kodwa eneneni yinkqubo yezonyango ebaluleke kakhulu enokusindisa ubomi kwaye incede ukugcina umzimba uqinile. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokutya ngetyhubhu, okanye ngokwezonyango, ukutya okunesondlo, ngendlela elula neyobuhlobo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukondla ngetyhubhu?
Kulula kakhulu. Yindlela esetyenziselwa ukunika umntu ongakwaziyo ukuhlafuna nokuginya ukutya ngendlela efanelekileyo izondlo kunye nolwelo. Ibandakanya ukondla ukutya okunesondlo okumanzi ngqo esiswini okanye emathunjini amancinci ngetyhubhu yeplastiki ethambileyo neguquguqukayo.
Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya (indlela yokugaya ukutya) njengendlela ende. Iqala emlonyeni, yehle nge-esophagus iye esiswini, ize isuke apho iye emathunjini amancinci. Ukuba ngesizathu esithile le ndlela ivalekile, le tube ifana nendlela emfutshane edlula loo ngxaki. Ngayo, izondlo zingathunyelwa ngqo apho zifuneka khona. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha basebenzisa le tube ukunika amayeza.
Kutheni umntu efuna ukondliwa ngetyhubhu enje?
Ukuba awufumani izondlo ezaneleyo ngokutya ngomlomo, ugqirha wakho angacebisa le ndlela. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unengxaki yokuhlafuna nokuginya ukutya, okanye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-dysphagia .
Le ndlela inika inkxaso enkulu ekugcineni impilo yemetabolism yomzimba wakho kunye nenkqubo yonke yokugaya ukutya.
Nazi ezinye zeemeko apho oku kunokuba yimfuneko:
- Ukwenzakala entloko okanye entanyeni: Ubunzima bokuginya ngenxa yomhlaza okanye ingozi enkulu.
- Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya: Iimeko ezinje ngokuncipha komqala, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha kunye nemithambo-luvo yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
- Ukufunxwa kwezondlo okungalunganga: Iimeko ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn esinzima zinokuthintela umzimba ekufunxeni izondlo.
- Izifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo : Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla okuginya ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nestroke okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba .
- Imeko yokungazi nto (i-Coma):Le ndlela ibalulekile ukugcina umzimba uqinile xa isigulana singazi nto.
- Utyando olukhulu okanye ukugula: Emva kotyando olukhulu okanye ukugula okunzulu, kunokuba nzima ukuginya okwethutyana.
Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bacebisa oku njengendlela yokwenza izigulane zikhululeke ngakumbi ekupheleni kobomi bazo ( ukhathalelo lwe-hospice ). Esi sisigqibo somntu siqu esenziwa ngokubonisana nesigulana kunye nosapho.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeengcongolo ezi?
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeengcongolo: ezo zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kunye nezo zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane (ngaphantsi kweeveki ezi-4-6)
Ezi ziityhubhu ezidla ngokufakwa ngempumlo. Zingafakwa nangona ulele ebhedini esibhedlele.
| Uhlobo lweThubhu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ityhubhu yeNasogastric (NG) | Ukususela empumlweni, ityhubhu idlulela esiswini. |
| Ityhubhu yeNasoduodenal (ityhubhu yeND) | Ukususela empumlweni, ityhubhu idlulela kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci (i-duodenum). |
| Ityhubhu yeNasojejunal (NJ) | Ukususela empumlweni, ityhubhu idlulela kwinxalenye yesibini yamathumbu amancinci (i-jejunum). |
Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide (ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-6)
Ezi ziityhubhu ezidla ngokudityaniswa ngqo esiswini okanye emathunjini amancinci ngesikhumba sesisu, ngenkqubo encinci yotyando.
| Uhlobo lweThubhu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ityhubhu ye-Gastrostomy (ityhubhu ye-G) | Le tube iqhagamshelwe ngqo esiswini ngesisu. |
| Ityhubhu yeJejunostomy (ityhubhu yeJ) | Le tube iqhagamshelwe ngqo esiswini ukuya kwinxalenye yesibini yamathumbu amancinci (i-jejunum). |
| Ityhubhu yesisu (ityhubhu ye-GJ) | Kule nto, umbhobho udlula esiswini uye kwinxalenye yesibini yamathumbu amancinci. Unemibhobho emibini. Omnye usetyenziselwa ukukhupha ulwelo lwesisu, kwaye omnye usetyenziselwa ukunika ukutya. |
Uyifaka njani le pipe?
Inkqubo yoku iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetyhubhu oyifunayo. Ityhubhu yempumlo ingenziwa ebhedini yesibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, ityhubhu ye-transabdominal ifuna utyando oluncinci. Uza kunikwa i-anesthesia ngexesha lenkqubo, ukuze ungaziva ntlungu.
- Ngempumlo: Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa i-lubricant ngononophelo kwityhubhu aze ayidlulisele empumlweni yakho, ezantsi kwi-esophagus yakho, aze aye esiswini sakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokucelwa ukuba usele amanzi ngetyhubhu ukuze kube lula oku.
- Ngokwe-Endoscopically: Kule ndlela, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) enekhamera encinci eqhotyoshelweyo ngomlomo, ijonge ngaphakathi esiswini, kwaye iphawule indawo echanekileyo esiswini apho kufuneka kufakwe khona ityhubhu. Emva koko, kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci kwaye kufakwe ityhubhu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) .
- Ngokwe-X- ray: Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa imifanekiso ye-X-ray ukuze kufunyanwe indawo echanekileyo apho ityhubhu kufuneka ifakwe khona.
- Ngotyando: Ngamanye amaxesha le tube ifakwa ngotyando oluvulekileyo okanye ngotyando lwe-keyhole (laparoscopy).
Yintoni omele uyilumkele xa usebenzisa kwaye unyamekela ityhubhu?
Ukuba usebenzisa le tube ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela kakuhle. Kungenjalo, le tube isenokuvaleka ize ibangele usulelo.
Nantsi indlela yokugcina ityhubhu yakho kunye nendawo yokufaka ityhubhu icocekile:
- Hlamba yonke imihla: Hlamba ulusu olujikeleze indawo yokufaka ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane kanye ngemini. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho ukukhupha amanzi emzimbeni.
- Yomisa kakuhle: Emva kokuhlamba, yomisa kakuhle indawo ngelaphu elicocekileyo uze uyigcine yomile. Iintsholongwane ziyachuma kwiindawo ezimanzi.
- Lumka xa kukho iimpawu zosulelo: Ukuba indawo apho ityhubhu ifakwe khona iba bomvu, idumbe, ifudumale, ibuhlungu, okanye ikhupha ubovu, isenokuba lusulelo. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Nantsi indlela yokunyamekela kakuhle umbhobho wakho:
- Hlamba rhoqo: Ngaphambi nasemva kokutya, nangaphambi nasemva kokunika amayeza, hlamba ityhubhu ngamanzi acocekileyo usebenzisa isirinji. Oku kuya kuthintela ukutya ukuba kungangeni ngaphakathi kwityhubhu.
- Tshintsha ityhubhu ngexesha elifanelekileyo: Zonke iityhubhu kufuneka zitshintshwe emva kwexesha elithile. Ezinye kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ngonyaka, ezinye qho emva kweenyanga ezi-3-6. Ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngale nto.
- Ukuba ityhubhu iyaphuma: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba yityhubhu entsha efakwe esiswini, kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-6-8 ukuba ingene emzimbeni. Ukuba ityhubhu iphuma ngengozi ngeli xesha, yingxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
Isilumkiso: Ungaze ubeke izinto ezifana neziselo ezinekhabhoni phantsi kwetyhubhu. Ukuba ityhubhu ivalekile, ungazami ukuyisusa ngento efana nocingo. Zama ukuyihlamba ngamanzi afudumeleyo. Ukuba ivalekile iyaqhubeka, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukondla ngetyhubhu yinkqubo yonyango ekhuselekileyo nebalulekileyo esetyenziselwa ukugcina umzimba uqinile kumntu ongakwaziyo ukutya ngomlomo.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetyhubhu zokutyisa ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zexesha elifutshane nezexesha elide. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo olulungele wena.
- Ukugcina ityhubhu kunye nendawo yokufaka icocekile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela usulelo.
- Ukuba ityhubhu iyaphuma, ingakumbi kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa, yingxamiseko. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
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