Ngaba ungumntu othanda ukuhamba ehlathini, ukulima igadi, okanye ukudlala nesilwanyana sasekhaya? Ukuba kunjalo, namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esibalulekileyo esinokusifumana kwizilwanyana, emhlabeni, okanye kwizinambuzane. Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-tularemia. Ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba yi-"rabbit fever." Ungakhathazeki, nangona singaqhelekanga eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTularemia?
I-Tularemia sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Francisella tularensis)`. Esi asisosifo sendalo ebantwini. Le ntsholongwane ihlala kakhulu emizimbeni yezilwanyana, emhlabeni nasemanzini. Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezincinci ezifana noonogwaja noononkala, iintaka, neegusha. Izilwanyana zasekhaya ezifana nezinja neekati emakhayeni ethu nazo zingayifumana. Le ntsholongwane ingaphila iiveki emhlabeni, emanzini, okanye emizimbeni yezilwanyana ezifileyo. Yiyo loo nto inokudluliselwa kuthi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Esi sifo sisasazeka njani kuthi?
Esi sifo asifumaneki rhoqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ungasifumana ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Ukulunywa zizinambuzane : Izinambuzane ezifana neentakumba kunye neenkowane zinokusasaza esi sifo ukuba ziluma isilwanyana esineentsholongwane zize zikulume.
- Ngokuchukumisa izilwanyana ezineentsholongwane: Ukuba uchukumisa isilwanyana esineentsholongwane (esiphilayo okanye esifileyo), okanye ukuba uchukumisa inyama okanye uboya besilwanyana eso.
- Ngokutya okanye ngamanzi angcolileyo : Ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo aneentsholongwane okanye ngokutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle yesilwanyana esineentsholongwane.
- Ngokuphefumla: Ngokuphefumla iintsholongwane eziphuma emhlabeni ngexesha lemisebenzi efana nokulima nokucoca umhlaba.
- Kwizilwanyana zasekhaya: Ingadluliselwa ngamathe avela enjeni okanye kwikati yakho ebikhe yadibana nesilwanyana esosulelekileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu ochaphazeleka yile ntsholongwane oza kugula. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iimpawu.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ze-tularemia
Iimpawu kunye nohlobo lwesifo zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela iintsholongwane ezingena ngayo emzimbeni. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 nezi-5 emva kokuba iintsholongwane zingene emzimbeni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha iiveki ezimbini. Masichaze oku ngakumbi kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo lweTularemia | Iimpawu eziphambili |
|---|
| I-ulceroglandular tularemia lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, oludla ngokubangelwa kukulunywa sisinambuzane. | |
| I-Oculoglandular tularemia luhlobo oluchaphazela amehlo. | - Ukubomvu kwamehlo , ukudumba, kunye nentlungu.
- Ukukhupha okanye ukukhupha iliso.
- Inxeba elincinci ngaphakathi kweliso.
- Ukudumba kolusu olujikeleze iindlebe, intamo, kunye nomhlathi.
|
| I-Oropharyngeal tularemia lolona hlobo luchaphazela indlela yokutya. | - Umphimbo obuhlungu , iitoni ezivuvukileyo.
- Ukuhlanza kunye norhudo.
- Izilonda zomlomo.
- Ukudumba kwentamo.
|
| I-tularemia ye-pneumonic lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu, oluchaphazela imiphunga. | - Ukukhohlela okomileyo.
- Iintlungu zesifuba.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
|
| I-typhoidal tularemia luhlobo olungaqhelekanga nolunzima kakhulu lwe-tularemia oluchaphazela wonke umzimba. | - Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
- Ukudinwa kakhulu.
- Ukuhlanza kunye norhudo.
- Ukudumba kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen.
|
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kunabanye. Usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba:
- Abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi equka ukunxibelelana rhoqo nezilwanyana nomhlaba, njengabalimi , oogqirha bezilwanyana, abalungisi bemihlaba, kunye namagosa ezilwanyana zasendle .
- Abantu abazingelayo njengento yokuzonwabisa okanye njengomsebenzi.
- Abantu abatya inyama yezilwanyana iluhlaza okanye ingaphekwanga kakuhle.
- Abantu abachitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle ehlathini.
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., isifo seswekile, izigulane ezinomhlaza).
Isifo sichongwa kwaye sinyangwa njani?
I-Tularemia inokuba nzima ukuyifumanisa kuba iimpawu zayo zinokufana nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye ne-influenza. Ngoko ke kubalulekile
ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngeempawu zakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, acebise ngezi vavanyo zilandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ii-antibodies ezenziwa ngumzimba ngokuchasene nebhaktheriya.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwinxeba lesikhumba okanye ukudumba ukuze lihlolwe.
- Uvavanyo lwe-swab: Kuthathwa isampulu emqaleni okanye empumlweni ize ivavanywe.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukujonga usulelo lwemiphunga (i-pneumonia).
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ekubeni olu luhlobo losulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane,
amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anikwa njengonyango. La mayeza anokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye inaliti.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselwe ngugqirha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba uyeka ukuwasebenzisa phakathi, isifo sinokubuya.
Ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, i-tularemia inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo . Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko yemeko embi kakhulu, yiya kwiCandelo loNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Ungazikhusela njani kwesi sifo?
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuhlala ukhuselekile kwesi sifo. Ungenza ezi zinto zilula ukunceda:
- Musa ukuzama ukubamba izilwanyana zasendle ezifileyo okanye ezigulayo.
- Ukuba uya ehlathini, kwindawo emanzi, okanye nakweyiphi na indawo apho kukho iimpukane okanye iintakumba , nxiba impahla egquma umzimba wakho kakuhle .
- Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane .
- Nika izilwanyana zakho amayeza okuzikhusela kwiincukuthu, kwaye uhlale uzigcina zicocekile.
- Ukuba utya inyama yezilwanyana zasendle, yipheke kakuhle .
- Nxiba iiglavu xa usebenza ngaphandle, ingakumbi xa usebenza ngomhlaba.
- Sela amanzi acocekileyo kuphela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tularemia lusulelo olungaqhelekanga olubangelwa ziintsholongwane olunokudluliselwa kwizilwanyana, izinambuzane, nomhlaba.
- Umkhuhlane, izilonda zesikhumba, kunye ne-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unale sifo, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ngonyango olukhawulezileyo, sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
- Amanyathelo alula anjengokuphepha ukuphatha izilwanyana ezifileyo, ukuzikhusela kwizinambuzane, nokupheka ukutya kakuhle kunokukunceda ukukhusele kwesi sifo.
I-Tularemia, izifo zezilwanyana ezizalwa ziintsana, iincukuthu, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, izilonda zesikhumba, umkhuhlane
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