Ngaba uziva ngathi umhlathi wakho uphelelwa ngamandla ngequbuliso uze ube nobunzima bokuhlafuna ukutya ngelixa usitya? Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, ukungakhululeki kuyaphela uze ukwazi ukutya ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwakhona? Ukuba ukhe waba nalo mava, ke esi sihloko sixoxa ngaso namhlanje siya kuba sibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Esi sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yiMyasthenia Gravis .
Yintoni iMyasthenia Gravis?
Ngamafutshane, i-myasthenia gravis yimeko engapheliyo apho izihlunu zomzimba wethu zityhafa kwaye zibuthathaka ngokukhawuleza. Eyona nto iphawulekayo koku kukuba izihlunu ziyathamba xa zisetyenziswa, zize ziqine kwakhona emva kokuphumla. Kufana nebhetri efayo xa usebenza, kodwa ivuseleleke xa uyibeke ecaleni okwethutyana.
Le meko inokuchaphazela amaqela eemisipha ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Xa isenzeka, siyibiza ngokuba yi-'generalized myasthenia gravis'. Oku kunokubangela ubunzima ekuhlafuneni ukutya, ukuginya, ukuncuma, ukushukumisa amagxa, ukuphakamisa ingalo, ukubamba into ngokuqinileyo, ukuma, kunye nokunyuka izinyuko.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokuchaphazela nezihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze umntu aphefumle. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo eyingozi kakhulu, esongela ubomi. Siyibiza le meko ngokuba yingxaki ye-myasthenic. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka ungeniswe kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Nangona esi sifo sinokuchaphazela nabani na, sixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 nakumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-70. Ukuba umama onesi sifo uzala umntwana, ezinye zeeproteni (ii-antibodies) egazini likamama zinokudluliselwa emntwaneni, nto leyo ebangela ubuthathaka bemisipha okwethutyana. Kodwa akukho nto ifanele ixhalabe ngayo, ngesiqhelo kwiiveki ezimbalwa umzimba womntwana uza kuzisusa ezi zinto kwaye izihlunu zomntwana ziya kubuyela esiqhelweni.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo?
Kubantu abaninzi, esi sifo siqala emehlweni. Ngoko ke iimpawu zokuqala zinokuba kukugoba kwamehlo, ukubona okufipheleyo, okanye ukubona kabini. Kungaphelanga unyaka okanye emibini, obu buthathaka bunokusasaza kwezinye izihlunu emzimbeni.
Masichaze ngakumbi ezi mpawu kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uphawu | Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto? (Kwenzeka ntoni?) |
|---|---|
| Ubuthathaka bemisipha yamehlo | Iinkophe ezigobileyo, ukubona kabini, okanye ukubona okufipheleyo kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo. |
| Utshintsho kwimbonakalo yobuso | Ubunzima bokulawula izihlunu zobuso xa usenza izinto ezinje ngokuncuma okanye ukwenza ubuso. |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha | Ilizwi liyatshintsha. Emva kokuthetha okwethutyana, ilizwi liya litsho kancinci kancinci libe lirhabaxa kwaye libe nempumlo. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya | Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya, isiselo, kunye namathe. Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ozityayo okanye oziselayo zinokuphuma empumlweni yakho. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Le yingxamiseko! (Ingxaki yeMyasthenic). Kunzima ukuphefumla ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha yesifuba. |
| Ubuthathaka bamalungu omzimba nentamo | Ubunzima bokugcina intamo ithe tye, ubunzima bokuhamba, ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo, okanye ukuphakamisa ubunzima. |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Yintoni unobangela?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo imithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha yethu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa ufuna ukuphakamisa ingalo yakho, umyalezo uvela engqondweni yakho uhamba ngemithambo-luvo. Lo myalezo ufikelela kwimisipha kwindawo encinci phakathi kwesiphelo semithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha. Isithunywa sekhemikhali esithwala lo myalezo sibizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine . Xa le khemikhali, i-acetylcholine, ibopha kwii-receptors kwimisipha, imisipha iyafinyela, oko kukuthi, iyasebenza.
I-Myasthenia gravis sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekhusela imizimba yethu yenza impazamo kwaye ihlasele amalungu aphilileyo omzimba wethu. Okwenzekayo kwesi sifo kukuba ii-antibodies eziveliswa yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela zithintela okanye zitshabalalise ii-acetylcholine receptors endizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Emva koko umyalezo ovela kwimithambo-luvo awufikeleli kakuhle kwimisipha. Yiyo loo nto imisipha iba buthathaka.
Isizathu esichanekileyo sokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yenze oku asikaziwa okwangoku. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kucingelwa ukuba sinxulumene ne -thymus gland, ekwisifuba esiphezulu. Le gland inceda ekwenzeni ii-antibodies. Malunga ne-15% yabantu abane-myasthenia gravis bane-tumor (thymoma) kweli gland. Nangona ezi tumor zingengomhlaza, ukususwa kwe-gland ngotyando (thymectomy) kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kwabanye abaguli.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ukuba unale mpawu, kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha. Uza kukuhlola malunga nenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Emva koko, banokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kufunyaniswe imeko.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba igazi lakho linazo na ii-antibodies ezithile ezihlasela ii-acetylcholine receptors endizikhankanyileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-ice pack: Ukuba iliso lakho liyawa, kubekwa i-ice pack kuyo malunga nemizuzu emibini. Oku kwenzelwa ukujonga ukuba umkhuhlane uyabunciphisa okwethutyana ubuthathaka bemisipha .
- Uvavanyo lokuvuselela imithambo-luvo oluphindaphindwayo: Ii-electrode zifakwa eluswini kwaye kuthunyelwa imiqondiso emincinci yombane ukulinganisa isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemiyalezo evela kwimithambo-luvo ukuya kwimisipha.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EMG (i-Single-fiber electromyography): I-electrode ethambileyo kakhulu efana nenaliti ifakwa ngesikhumba kwimisipha kwaye umsebenzi wombane phakathi kwengqondo kunye nemisipha ujongwa.
- Iiskeni zemifanekiso: Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan ukujonga i-thymus tumor (thymoma).
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba isifo sichaphazele na ukusebenza kwephaphu.
Unyango kunye nezinto onokuzenza ekhaya
Unyango lwesi sifo luxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, ubukhali beempawu zakho, kunye nokuba isifo sisasazeke ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
Amayeza
Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza anjengala:
- Izithinteli zeCholinesterase: La mayeza aphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha, nto leyo enceda ekuqiniseni imisipha.
- IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zilawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies eziyingozi.
- Ii-immunosuppressants: La mayeza anikwa ukunciphisa ngakumbi impendulo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo
Kwimeko apho iimpawu zisiba mandundu ngequbuliso okanye ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwe-intravenous (IV).
- I-Plasmapheresis: Oku kuquka ukuthumela igazi lakho ngomatshini ukuze lihluze ii-antibodies eziyingozi. Nangona iziphumo zikhawuleza, zihlala ixesha elifutshane.
- I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg): Olu nyango lubandakanya ukufaka ii-antibodies ezisempilweni egazini lakho. Ezi zitshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye zilawula iimpawu zakho.
Utyando - I-Thymectomy
Ukuba esi sifo sibangelwa sisisu esikwi-thymus gland, i-gland isuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Nokuba akukho sisu, iimpawu zezinye izigulana ziyaphucuka xa i-thymus gland isusiwe.
Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Ukongeza kumayeza, ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokunceda ekulawuleni iimpawu.
- Yonga amandla xa usitya: Ukuba unengxaki yokuhlafuna ukutya, yitya ngexesha lemini apho unamandla amaninzi. Endaweni yokutya ukutya okukhulu, yitya ukutya okuncinci okumbalwa imini yonke. Khetha ukutya okungeyondlwantyala.
- Sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko: Faka ii-bark bars kufutshane nendlu yangasese nebhedi, njl. Susa iimathi nezinye izinto phantsi ukuze unciphise amathuba okutyibilika nokuwa.
- Fumana uncedo koomatshini: Gcina amandla akho ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zombane (ibhrashi yamazinyo yombane, isixhobo sokuvula itini) endaweni yemisebenzi yesandla.
- Sebenzisa i-eye patch: Oku kunokunceda ekuboneni kabini. Xa ubukele iTV okanye ufunda, vala iliso elinye uze usebenzise omabini amehlo ngokutshintshana.
- Cwangcisa usuku lwakho: Sebenzisa amandla akho ngobulumko. Fumana ixesha losuku apho unamandla kakhulu khona kwaye wenze imisebenzi yasekhaya kunye nemisebenzi yangaphandle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Myasthenia Gravis sisifo esibangelwa yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esenza izihlunu zibe buthathaka. Ubuthathaka buyancipha emva kokuphumla.
- Nangona iimpawu zihlala ziqala emehlweni (ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona kabini), naluphi na uhlobo lwemisipha emzimbeni lunokuchaphazeleka.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ingxaki ye-myasthenic) yingxamiseko yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Le yimeko enokulawulwa kakuhle ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo. Musa ukoyika, thetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane unyango olufunekayo.
- Ungenza kube lula ukuphila neempawu ngokucwangcisa imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla kunye nokonga amandla.
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