Ngaba nawe unesikhwehlela esikuvusayo ebusuku? Ngaba uziva udiniwe nokuba uhamba umgama omfutshane? Ngaba uziva uxinana esifubeni sakho, okanye uva isandi somlozi xa uphefumla? Ukuba ezi zinto ziyenzeka rhoqo kuwe, inokuba luphawu lwe-asthma. Ungakhathazeki, le yimeko echaphazela abantu abaninzi. Namhlanje, masithethe nge-asthma, zithini iimpawu zayo, kunye nento omawuyenze ngayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-asthma?
Ngamafutshane, isifo sombefu sisifo esichaphazela imiphunga yethu ixesha elide. Abanye oogqirha basibiza ngokuba sisifo sokuphefumla esingapheliyo. Abanye basibiza ngokuba 'yi-bronchial asthma'.
Okwenzekayo apha kukuba iindlela zethu zomoya, iityhubhu ezithwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni, ziyavuvukala, zidumbe, kwaye zinciphe. Kanye njengokuba umbhobho wamanzi uvaleka ngumhlaba uze ube mxinwa, kuba nzima ukuba amanzi adlule kuwo. Xa iindlela zomoya zincipha, kuba nzima ukuphefumla. Ukongeza, uhlobo oluqinileyo nolunamathelayo lwe-mucus luqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwezi tyhubhu. Xa zonke ezi zinto zintathu zidibana, iimpawu ze-asthma ziyavela.
Isifo sombefu sisifo esinokulawulwa kakuhle ngonyango olufanelekileyo kwaye ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ukuba awufumani nyango, kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele nakwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) rhoqo.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zesifo sesifuba?
Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-asthma abaneempawu ezifanayo ngamaxesha onke. Abanye abantu banokuba nazo ngamaxesha onke, ngelixa abanye banokuba nazo ngamaxesha athile. Kodwa kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhwehlela | Ukukhwehlela okomileyo, ingakumbi ebusuku naxa uvuka kusasa. |
| Ukuphefumla | Ukuva isandi esincinci somlozi xa ukhupha umoya. |
| Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo | Uziva ngathi uyafuthaniseka, ngathi awufumani moya waneleyo wokuphefumla. |
| Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu | Ukuqina kwesifuba, uxinzelelo, okanye intlungu. |
| Ukuphazamiseka kokulala | Ukuvuka rhoqo ebusuku ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukukhohlela. |
Yintoni i-Asthma Attack?
Uhlaselo lwe-asthma lubangela ukuba iimpawu zibe zimbi ngequbuliso. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya ziqina ngequbuliso ngenxa yesizathu esithile (i-trigger). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Bronchospasm ngokwezonyango. Kunye noku, ukudumba kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus ngaphakathi kwendlela yomoya kuyakhula. Oku kwenza ukuphefumla kube nzima kakhulu.
Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka nakwixesha lokuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba esinzima :
- Isandi esikhulu somlozi xa uphefumlela ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Ukukhohlela okungenakunqandwa.
- Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
- Ubunzima nokuthetha.
- Ukurhoxa (ukuziva ngathi izihlunu entanyeni nasesifubeni zitsala ngaphakathi).
- Imilebe okanye iinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
- Ukuziva uxhalabile kakhulu okanye usoyika.
- Ubuso bujika bube mhlophe kwaye bubila.
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Isifo sombefu sinokulawulwa ngesixhobo sokuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile, ezinokuba ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezisongela ubomi. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwicandelo lezonyango olungxamisekileyo lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
| Iimpawu zeNgxamiseko! | |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla | Ukungakwazi ukuphefumla, ukungakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukuhamba. |
| I-inhaler yokunceda ngokukhawuleza ayisebenzi | Iimpawu aziphucuki nasemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho eqhelekileyo. |
| Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu | Ubuso, imilebe, okanye iinzipho zimfiliba okanye ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis). |
| Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu | Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuphefumla. |
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukuba isifo se-asthma sibe sibi kakhulu?
Iindlela zomoya zomntu onesifo se-asthma zinobuthathaka kakhulu. Nezinto ezingeyongxaki kumntu oqhelekileyo zinokwandisa iimpawu zomntu onesifo se-asthma. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba 'zizinto ezibangela iingxaki'. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi zinto.
- Izinto ezibangela i-allergens: Izinto ezifana nothuli, i-pollen, i-pet dander, amaphela, kunye nomngundo.
- Izifo zokuphefumla: Izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane.
- Ukuzilolonga: Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu zesifuba kuphela xa bezilolonga.
- Utshintsho lwemozulu: umoya obandayo kakhulu okanye owomileyo, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimozulu.
- Ivumba elibi nomsi: umsi wecuba (kwanokutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya), iziqholo, iikhemikhali zokucoca, ungcoliseko lomoya.
- Amanye amayeza: Amanye amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne-aspirin.
- Ukutya: Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy kukutya okunezithintelo zokutya (ii-sulfites) (umz. iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, ii-pickles).
- Iimvakalelo eziqinileyo: Ulonwabo olugqithisileyo, ukudakumba, uloyiko, okanye uxinzelelo lunokubangela utshintsho kwiindlela zokuphefumla kwaye lube mandundu ngakumbi isifo sesifuba.
- I-Gastritis (GERD): I-asthma yabanye abantu ikwaba mandundu ngenxa ye-asidi yesisu ephumayo emphinjeni.
Ifunyaniswa njani isifo se-asthma?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-asthma, bonana nogqirha wosapho lwakho. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokukuthumela kwingcali yemiphunga (pulmonologist).
Kukho iimvavanyo eziphambili ezininzi ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa isifo sesifuba:
- I-Spirometry: Olu luvavanyo olulula lokuphefumla. Ucelwa ukuba uphefumlele isixhobo ngamandla. Silinganisa ukuba ukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye ungakanani umoya onokuwukhupha emiphungeni yakho.
- I-Peak Flow Meter: Esi sisixhobo esincinci onokusisebenzisa ekhaya. Sinokulinganisa isantya sokuphefumla kwakho. Oku kunokukunceda ubone ukuba i-asthma yakho iyalawuleka na.
- Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba kunye novavanyo lwe-allergy zinokwenziwa.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-asthma?
Isifo sesifuba asinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ungazilawula iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSifuba ngokusekelwe kubukhali besifo sakho sesifuba.
Unyango lwahlulwe kakhulu lube ziinxalenye ezimbini:
1. Amayeza Okunceda/Okunceda Ngokukhawuleza
Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesiqabu esikhawulezileyo xa kuvela iimpawu zesifuba. Zikhulula ngokukhawuleza izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya, zenze kube lula ukuphefumla.
- Ii-beta-agonists ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza: Ezi zezona sizibiza ngokuba yi-'rescue inhaler'. Umzekelo yi-Albuterol/Salbutamol. Kufuneka uhlale ugcina le nto kuwe.
2. Amayeza Okulawula/Okulawula Ixesha Elide
Ezi zisetyenziswa yonke imihla, nokuba akukho zimpawu. Injongo kukunciphisa ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya nokuthintela uhlaselo lwe-asthma.
- IiCorticosteroids ezifuthwayo: Ezi zezona ntlobo zonyango zibalulekileyo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula isifo sesifuba. Zinciphisa ukudumba kwindlela yomoya.
- Ii-beta-agonists ezisebenza ixesha elide (LABA): Ezi zikwandisa iindlela zomoya, kodwa zisebenza iiyure ezininzi. Zihlala zinikwa njenge-inhaler edibeneyo kunye ne-corticosteroids ephefumliweyo.
- Ii-Leukotriene modifiers: La ngamayeza athathwa njengeepilisi. Akwanceda ekulawuleni ukudumba kwindlela yomoya. Umzekelo: (iMontelukast).
Ukuba uhlala usebenzisa i-rescue inhaler yakho, oko kuthetha ukuba i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kakuhle. Kwimeko ezinjalo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho kwaye uhlolisise kwakhona isicwangciso sakho sonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sesifuba asisosifo esoyikwayo, kodwa kufuneka silawulwe ngendlela eyiyo. Sisifo esihlala ixesha elide.
- Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu zakho, ingakumbi ukukhohlela nokuphefumla ebusuku.
- Zichonge izinto ezibangela isifo sakho sesifuba kwaye uziphephe kangangoko unako. Ziphephe uthuli, umsi, kunye nevumba elibi.
- Sela amayeza kagqirha wakho njengoko uyalelwe yonke imihla, nokuba ziintsuku apho ungenazo iimpawu. Leyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela uhlaselo lwe-asthma.
- Soloko ugcina i-rescue inhaler kufutshane.
- Kwimeko yengxakeko efana nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla okanye imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nesicwangciso sakho sokuthatha inyathelo kwi-asthma kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uyayiqonda kakuhle.
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