Ngaba wakha wambona umntu okwisihlalo sabakhubazekileyo esokola ukungena evenkileni, ebhankini, okanye eofisini enezitebhisi? Okanye abazali besokola ukufumana isikolo esifanelekileyo kumntwana oneemfuno ezizodwa? Sonke sizibonile ezi zinto ubuncinane kanye ebomini bethu. Abantu abanjengaba kufuneka babe nelungelo lokuphila, ukufunda, nokusebenza ngokuzimela, njengathi sonke, ngaphandle kokoyika uluntu kwaye ngaphandle koncedo lomntu? Ukulwela elo lungelo kubizwa nje ngokuba yi-"Disability Rights Movement" okanye intshukumo yamalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye le ntshukumo yamalungelo?
Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nokulwela amalungelo oluntu. Injongo ephambili apha kukunika abantu abanokukhubazeka okuthile emzimbeni okanye engqondweni amathuba namalungelo afanayo nabantu abangenako ukukhubazeka. Oko kukuthi, ukudiliza imiqobo eluntwini nokudala imeko-bume apho wonke umntu ephathwa ngokulinganayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi zithintelo:
- Izithintelo zomzimba: Umzekelo, izinyuko ezingafikelelekiyo kwizitulo ezinamavili, iingcango ezimxinwa, kunye neebhasi eziphakamileyo.
- Imiqobo yesikhungo: Eminye imibutho ayithandi ukuqesha abantu abakhubazekileyo kwaye ayibaboneleli ngezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo.
- Imiqobo yentlalo: Abantu kuluntu babajonga ngosizi, babajongele phantsi, baze bacinge, "Aba bantu abanakuzenza ezi zinto."
Injongo yale ntshukumo kukususa zonke ezi zithintelo nokudala uluntu apho abantu abakhubazekileyo banokuphila khona ngesidima.
Olu hambo luqale njani? - Isifundo esivela kwihlabathi
Nangona amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini namhlanje ethetha ngamalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo, eli nqanaba lifikelelwe kuphela emva komzabalazo omkhulu. Masijonge emva kuloo mbali okomzuzwana, kuba ilizwe lethu nalo linokuninzi ekufuneka likufunde kuyo.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1800, abantu abakhubazekileyo babephathwa ngendlela engenabuntu. Babethathwa njengomthwalo eluntwini. Abanye baguqulwa baba ziisekisi, abanye bavalelwa kwizibhedlele zengqondo nakwiindawo ezizimeleyo. Abantu abaninzi babecinga ukuba aba bantu bagula ngengqondo, ngoko ke babebafaka kwiinkqubo zokuvala inzala ngaphandle kwentando yabo.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala, xa amajoni alimeleyo nakhubazekileyo aqala ukubuyela kweli lizwe, izimo zengqondo kuluntu zaqala ukutshintsha kancinci kancinci. Urhulumente waqala ukubanceda nokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Oku kwavumela abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba bazimele.
Kwanasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, amaqhawe emfazwe akhubazekileyo ayengakwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokubuyisela ubomi kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi awayelufuna.Bamnyanzela urhulumente ukuba abanike ezi zixhobo. Nangona oku kuzise inkqubela phambili enkulu, babesenengxaki yokufikelela kwiindlu zangasese zikawonke-wonke, kwiiofisi, kwiivenkile nakwiibhasi.
Olu tshintsho lwafumana inkxaso enkulu ngenxa yentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu eMelika ngeminyaka yoo-1960, xa abantu abakhubazekileyo banikwa ithuba lokujoyina amanye amaqela acinezelweyo nokulwela amalungelo abo.
Eminye imithetho ebalulekileyo eyatshintsha imbali
Ngenxa yalo mzabalazo, kwamiselwa imithetho emininzi ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela eyatshintsha ubomi babantu abakhubazekileyo. Le ikwangumzekelo omhle kwabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kwilizwe lethu.
| Umthetho/Umthetho | Umahluko ophambili ulethwe |
|---|---|
| UMthetho woHlaziyo ka-1973 | Iiarhente zikarhulumente kunye neekontraka zikarhulumente zazingavumelekanga ukuba zicalucalule abantu abakhubazekileyo emsebenzini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kwamiselwa imithetho efuna ukuba abantu abakhubazekileyo babe nokufikelela ngokulinganayo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo efumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente (izikolo, ezothutho zikawonke-wonke). |
| UMthetho weMfundo yabo Bonke Abantwana Abakhubazekileyo ka-1975 | Iqinisekisile ilungelo lomntwana ngamnye lokufumana imfundo. Igxininise ukuba abantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa kufuneka bafundiswe kumagumbi okufundela aqhelekileyo. |
| UMthetho waseMelika oKhubazekileyo (i-ADA, ka-1990) | Lo ngumthetho obanzi kakhulu. Wawuthintela ucalucalulo kubantu abakhubazekileyo kuzo zonke iindawo, kuquka imisebenzi, iindawo zikawonke-wonke (iivenkile, iihotele, iibhanyabhanya), iinkonzo zikarhulumente, ezothutho, kunye nonxibelelwano. Wenze izinto ezifana nokwakha iirampu zezitulo ezinamavili zibe yimfuneko. |
Umahluko obangelwe yimfundo yabantwana
Lo mthetho wemfundo ukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kamva wandiswa waba yi-Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Enye yezona ngcamango zibalulekileyo ezivezwe apha yi- "Individualized Education Programs" (IEPs) .
Oko kuthetha ukuba, kumntwana ngamnye oneemfuno ezizodwa, abazali nootitshala baloo mntwana bayadibana ukuze benze isicwangciso sokufunda esijoliswe kuloo mntwana. Bekuya kuba kuhle kangakanani ukuba oku kungafakwa kwinkqubo yemfundo yelizwe lethu?
Imeko yanamhlanje kunye noko sinokukwenza
Akwanelanga ukuwisa imithetho. Umlo awukapheli. Nanamhlanje, abantu abakhubazekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, nakwilizwe lethu, kufuneka bajongane nokucalulwa okuhlukeneyo kunye neengcinga ezingalunganga.
Nathi singaba negalelo kolu tshintsho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba kube yinto enkulu. Singaqala ngento encinci.
- Masitshintshe indlela esicinga ngayo: Masiyeke ukujonga umntu okhubazekileyo ngenceba. Masiqonde ukuba naye unezakhono, amaphupha, kunye neemvakalelo ezifana nezethu.
- Intlonipho: Hlonipha ubumfihlo babo. Bancede kuphela xa befuna uncedo. Musa ukubanyanzela ukuba bancede.
- Cinga ngokufikeleleka: Jonga ukuba indawo yakho yokusebenza okanye iivenkile ohlala kuzo zineempawu zokufikeleleka ezivumela abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba bangene. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene, thetha nabantu abafanelekileyo ngazo.
- Yiba Lilizwi: Musa ukoyika ukuthetha egameni labantu abakhubazekileyo xa ubona umahluko usenzeka.
Ekugqibeleni, lo ngumbuzo wobuntu kunokuba ngumthetho. Luxanduva lwethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila ngesidima . Impilo-ntle yengqondo evela ekudaleni uluntu olunjalo iya kuvakala kulo lonke uluntu. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uziva engonwabanga ngenxa yokukhubazeka, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nenkxaso yezonyango neyoluntu ekhoyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo ngamalungelo oluntu asisiseko. Bafanele babe namathuba alinganayo eluntwini.
- Nangona imithetho nemigaqo-nkqubo ibaluleke kangaka, ukutshintsha izimo zengqondo ezingalunganga ezigxile kakhulu kuluntu kubaluleke nangakumbi.
- Kunye notshintsho olubonakalayo, olufana nokudala indlela yokufikelela kwisihlalo sabakhubazekileyo, kubalulekile ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela esicinga ngayo.
- Sonke singanegalelo ekwakheni uluntu olubandakanya bonke abantu oluhloniphayo, olungababekeli bucala, noluquka abantu abakhubazekileyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe uziva engonwabanga ngenxa yokukhubazeka, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoncedo kunye nesikhokelo esifumanekayo.
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