Ukuba ungumama oza kuzala, omnye wemibuzo emikhulu neyintsonkothileyo engqondweni yakho mhlawumbi ngulo, ‘Ngaba umntwana wam uyayiva intlungu?’ Lo ngumbandela onzulu kakhulu. Kwanakwizonyango , kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo ngale nto. Abanye oogqirha kunye noososayensi bathi iintsana aziyiva intlungu de zibe ziiveki ezingama-24 (iinyanga ezi-6). Kodwa abanye bathi zinokuva intlungu kwangethuba kwiiveki ezili-12 (iinyanga ezi-3). Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene? Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Zithini izimvo ezahlukeneyo ngale nto?
Kunzima ukunika impendulo ethe ngqo kulo mbuzo, kuba asinakubuza umntwana osesiswini ukuba, "Ingaba kuyabuhlungu?" Ngoko ke abaphandi kuye kwafuneka bafunde ngophuhliso lomzimba womntwana, ingakumbi uphuhliso lobuchopho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, baze bafikelele kwizigqibo ezithile ngaloo nto.
Ngaphambili, kude kube ngeminyaka yoo-1980, oogqirha babecinga ukuba neentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa azinakuziva iintlungu. Isizathu yayikukuba ubuchopho bazo babungakakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ngoku loo mbono itshintshile ngokupheleleyo.
Izazinzulu ngoku zithetha ngengcamango ebizwa ngokuba yi-'nociception.' Ngamafutshane, kukukwazi ukubona umonakalo . Kwahlukile kancinci kwintlungu. Kuba ayifuni lwazi. Kodwa ngoku kuyamkelwa ukuba impendulo yoxinzelelo ebangelwa yile 'nociception' emzimbeni womntwana inokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo yakhe.
Imibutho yezonyango ephambili ehlabathini, umzekelo, iiKholeji zaseMelika nezaseBritane ze-Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG, RCOG), zinoluvo lokuba umntwana akanakukwazi ukuva iintlungu de kube ziiveki ezingama-24-25 . Nangona kunjalo, kukho izimvo ezichaseneyo. Masijonge zombini ezi mbono ngokucacileyo.
| Intsomi 1: Intlungu ivakala kuphela emva kweeveki ezingama-24 | Intsomi 2: Intlungu inokuviwa kwasekuqaleni kweeveki ezili-12 |
|---|---|
| Unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo luyakhula phakathi kwe-cortex, inxalenye yengqondo enoxanduva lokukhumbula nokucinga, kunye ne-thalamus, inxalenye yengqondo ethwala iimvakalelo ezifana neentlungu ukuya kwi-cortex, emva kweeveki ezingama-24. | Akucaci nokuba i-cortex iyimfuneko ngokwenene na ukuze kubonwe intlungu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba intlungu ibonwa ngezinye iindawo eziphambili zobuchopho. |
| Nangona umntwana ongaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-28 esenokubonakala ngathi usabela kwiintlungu, kudla ngokuba yimpendulo nje okanye yehomoni. Asiyontlungu yokwenyani. | Ii-receptors zentlungu ziqala ukukhula kumphezulu wesikhumba kwiiveki ezisi-7, kwaye ziqhagamshelane nengqondo kwiiveki ezili-12-15. |
| Unxibelelwano lwemithambo-luvo olwahlula phakathi kokuchukumisa okungenabungozi nento ebuhlungu luvela ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa. | Iindawo ezithile zobuchopho, ezifana nethalamus kunye nesiqu sobuchopho, ezibandakanyeka kwingqondo, ziqala ukuphuhliswa kwikota yokuqala. |
Khawucinge nje, le ngxoxo iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kukuba ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kunokwenzeka ukugcina umntwana ephila nokuba uzelwe kwiiveki ezingama-22-23. Oogqirha ngoku bayayamkela into yokuba abantwana abazalwa bekwiminyaka ephantsi kangaka yokukhulelwa baziva iintlungu.
Le nto izichaphazela njani ezinye izigqibo?
Le ngxaki yentlungu yosana olungekazalwa ichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo imithetho yokukhupha isisu kunye notyando losana olungekazalwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Izigqibo malunga nokukhipha isisu
Olu 'xinzelelo lwe-fetal' lusetyenziselwe ukumisela imida yexesha lokuvumela ukuqhomfa kumazwe amaninzi. Amanye amazwe ayakuthintela ukuqhomfa emva kweeveki ezithile zokukhulelwa ngenxa yesi sizathu.
Kodwa ukuba sijonga idatha, uninzi lokukhupha isisu ehlabathini lwenzeka kwangethuba kakhulu ekukhulelweni. Umzekelo, ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-CDC e-United States, ngaphezulu kwama-93% okukhupha isisu kwenzeka ngaphambi kweeveki ezili-13 . Ngaphantsi kwe-1% kwenzeka emva kweeveki ezingama-21. Ingxoxo phakathi kwezazinzulu malunga nale mida yexesha isaqhubeka.
Utyando losana olungekazalwa
Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando luyadingeka ukuze kunyangwe ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa komntwana ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'fetal surgery'.
Ngaba oogqirha bacinga ngeentlungu ngexesha lotyando olunje? Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo.
Amaxesha amaninzi, i-anesthesia enikwa umama ngexesha lolu tyando inqumla i-placenta ize ichaphazele umntwana. Kodwa ezinye izazinzulu zithi oku kukodwa akuzisusi ngokupheleleyo iintlungu okanye uxinzelelo olunokuviwa ngumntwana.
Ngoko ke,Kwiinkqubo zotyando ezenziwa emva kwekota yesibini (emva kweeveki ezili-13), oogqirha badla ngokunika umntwana isithomalalisi sentlungu ngqo. Banika nomntwana amayeza okumgcina engashukumi ngexesha lotyando. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuthintela impendulo enamandla yoxinzelelo olubangelwa lutyando ukuba lungachaphazeli kakubi uphuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Ukunika umntwana i-anesthesia ngqo ngale ndlela kuthathwa njengokukhuselekileyo kumama nakumntwana . Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azixhaphakanga.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Akukho mvumelwano icacileyo kwezonyango malunga nokuba umntwana osesiswini uziva nini iintlungu . Ngelixa abanye besithi emva kweeveki ezingama-24, abanye bathi kusenokwenzeka kwiiveki ezili-12.
- Eyona sizathu sale ngxoxo kukungaqinisekanga malunga nokuba zeziphi iindawo zengqondo ekufuneka ziphuhliswe ukuze zive iintlungu.
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Nociceptionkukukwazi ukubona umonakalo. Nangona ingadingi ngqondo, uxinzelelo olubangelwa yiyo lunokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana. - Ukuba umntwana utyando oluvela kwimveku, oogqirha ngokuqinisekileyo baya kusebenzisa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kumntwana nokunciphisa nawuphi na umonakalo onokubakho ekukhuleni kwakhe.
- Le yingongoma enzima kakhulu neyinobuzaza. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, kungcono ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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