Ngaba uyayazi into yokuba abafazi banesifo sentliziyo? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Uyazi, sihlala sicinga ngesifo sentliziyo njengesifo esichaphazela kakhulu amadoda. Kodwa asiyonyani leyo. Isifo sentliziyo (CVD) sibulala abantu abangathethiyo phakathi kwabasetyhini. Ngamanye amaxesha asiziboni iimpawu, okanye asizinikeli ngqalelo ingako. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuqaphela. Isifo sentliziyo sesona sibangela ukufa emhlabeni. Cinga nje, ngo-2019 kuphela, phantse abantu abazizigidi ezili-18 bafa ngenxa yaso. Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba isifo sentliziyo sikwayimbangela yokufa kwabasetyhini.

Yintoni umahluko kwiinkqubo zentliziyo yabasetyhini kunye namadoda?

Cinga ngako, kukho umahluko ongabonakaliyo kwindlela imizimba yethu eyenziwe ngayo. Ezi zizinto ezenza ezinye izifo zichaphazele abafazi namadoda ngokwahlukileyo. Kunjalo ke naxa kufikwa kwisifo sentliziyo. Abaphandi bafumanise umahluko oliqela kwinkqubo yentliziyo ngokusekelwe kwisini. Ezi zizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha umahluko omncinci. Olu mahluko lunokubangela ukuba abafazi babe nesifo sentliziyo ngokwahlukileyo kunamadoda. Makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Anatomy: Imithambo yegazi yabasetyhini kunye namagumbi entliziyo mancinci kuneyamadoda. Iindonga ze-ventricles zentliziyo (amagumbi ampompa igazi) nazo zincinci kancinci.
• Inani legazi: Abafazi baneeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimbalwa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba banokuthwala ioksijini encinci ngexesha.
• Uhlengahlengiso lwentliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Imizimba yabasetyhini ivakalelwa ngakumbi kutshintsho lokuphakama (njengokunyuka intaba) okanye ukuphuma ebhedini ngequbuliso, nto leyo enokubangela ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi.
• IiHormoni: Abafazi badla ngokuba namanqanaba aphezulu eehomoni i-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone, ngelixa amadoda enamanqanaba aphezulu e-testosterone. Ezi hormoni zichaphazela impilo yentliziyo kunye nempilo iyonke ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ungazi njani ukuba umfazi unesifo sentliziyo?

Abafazi badla ngokuba neempawu zesifo sentliziyo emva kweminyaka eli-10 kunamadoda. Nangona uninzi lwezizathu kunye neempawu ziqhelekile, kukho umahluko othile phakathi kwabafazi, ingakumbi xa kufikwa kukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto.

Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwabasetyhini

Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki luphawu oluphambili kumntu wonke. Kodwa abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezinye iimpawu ukongeza kwiintlungu zesifuba (okanye endaweni yazo). Bakwasengozini enkulu yokuba "nohlaselo lwentliziyo olungabonakaliyo" . Kulapho uhlaselo lwentliziyo lungafumaneki khona. Abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala nabo banamathuba amaninzi okufa ngenxa yohlaselo lwentliziyo olungabonakaliyo kunamadoda aneminyaka efanayo.

Abafazi baye baxela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ezi ntlungu nokungonwabi zinokuvakala kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Isifuba (rhoqo)
• Ibele lasekhohlo
• Phakathi kweebhloko zomqolo okanye zamagxa
• Intamo okanye umqala
• Umhlathi okanye amazinyo
• Izandla (esinye okanye zombini)
• Amagxa
• Imilenze (enye okanye zombini)

Ukongeza koku, abasetyhini banokubona nezinye iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga (okuxhaphakileyo)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka
• Ukuziva ushushu okanye ubuso obubomvu
• Ukungagayi kakuhle kokutya
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukuba ndindisholo ezandleni okanye kwiminwe
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Utshintsho olutsha kumbono
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuziva uxinezelekile emqaleni

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ezingaphezulu kwesinye, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwicandelo likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane nawe. Uhlaselo lwentliziyo lonakalisa izihlunu zentliziyo. Umonakalo uyanda ngomzuzu ngamnye odlulayo. Ngoko ke musa ukulibazisa ukufowuna.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sentliziyo kubasetyhini

Abafazi abaninzi bafumana iimpawu ze-prodromal ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ezi zinokwenzeka kwiiyure, iiveki, okanye iinyanga ngaphambi kwexesha. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwesilumkiso sokuqala kukudinwa okungaqhelekanga. Ukuba uziva udiniwe kwaye awukwazi ukufumana esinye isizathu sokudinwa kwakho, kungcono ukubona ugqirha.

Ukongeza ekudinweni, ezi mpawu zingandulela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo:

• Ixhala
• Ukungagayi kakuhle ukutya rhoqo
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga okanye yokukhumbula (hayi njengesiqhelo, ukuziva unenkungu)
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ebusuku
• Ukungalali
• Ubungqindilili ezandleni okanye ezingalweni
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela ezandleni okanye kwiminwe
• Ukukhwehlela
• Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo okanye enzima
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki
• Ukungakhululeki komhlathi okanye izinyo
• Ubuthathaka okanye ubunzima kwiingalo

Ezi mpawu zokuqala zinokuvela zize zinyamalale zodwa. Abantu abaninzi balinda de iimpawu ziqhubeke okanye de kubekho omnye umntu oziqaphelayo. Kodwa ungalindi. Funa uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukusilela Kwentliziyo Kwabasetyhini

Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo yimeko engapheliyo apho intliziyo ingakwaziyo ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubangela ulwelo oluqokelelana emzimbeni (ngamanye amaxesha lubangela iimpawu ezifana nokudumba kunye nokunyuka kobunzima) kwaye luba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuchaphazela amadoda nabafazi ngokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu kunye neempawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisini. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezifunyenwe kuphando:

• Ukusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa yiDiastolic (ukusilela kwentliziyo apho inkqubo yokucutheka kwentliziyo iqhelekile, kodwa kunzima ukuyizalisa ngegazi - kunye nenxalenye yokukhupha egciniweyo) kuxhaphake kakhulu kubafazi.
• Izizathu zokusilela kwentliziyo kwabasetyhini ziquka uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (`uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu`), isifo sevalvu yentliziyo (`isifo sevalvu yentliziyo`), isifo seswekile (`isifo seswekile`), kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo (`isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo`). Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo sevalvu zinokubangela ukusilela kwentliziyo kwabasetyhini. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kumadoda sisifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo.
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo kuxhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha yentliziyo obubangelwa luxinzelelo (`Stress Cardiomyopathy` okanye `Broken Heart Syndrome`).
• Abafazi basengozini enkulu yokuba neempawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Xa kuthelekiswa namadoda, abafazi abanesifo sentliziyo banokuthi baxele ukuba ubomi babo buphantsi kwaye baneempawu zokudakumba.

Iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo kubafazi

Iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo ziyafana kuye wonke umntu, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba abafazi banamathuba amaninzi oku:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yomsebenzi womzimba
• Ubunzima bokuzilolonga
• Ukudumba (`Ukudumba`)

Abafazi badla ngokuba neempawu xa sele bekhulile kwaye banamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Left Bundle Branch Block' (esinokuba ngumphumo wokusilela kwentliziyo).

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kubafazi?

Izinto zemveli ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (BP), zichaphazela wonke umntu, nokuba ungowasiphi na isini. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba ezi zinto zibangela umngcipheko nazo zahlukile ngokwesini. Ukongeza, kukho izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kunye neemeko ezithile kubafazi.

• I-Cholesterol Ephezulu: I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-hyperlipidemia) yinto eyingozi kuye wonke umntu, kodwa amanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol 'elungileyo' (i-HDL cholesterol) anokuba yingozi ngakumbi kubafazi abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu kunamadoda.
• Isifo seswekile: Abafazi abanesifo seswekile banamathuba amabini ukuya kwamane okuba nesifo sentliziyo kunamadoda anesifo seswekile.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banamathuba amaninzi okuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) kunamadoda, kodwa amathuba amancinci okuba nalo lulawulwe. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:
• Impendulo kunyango: Abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba neempendulo ezingalunganga zamayeza (ii-ADR), ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukufumana nokunamathela kwisicwangciso sonyango esikusebenzelayo.
• Uvakalelo lweSodium:Emva kokuya exesheni, umzimba wakho uba nomdla ngakumbi kwi-sodium. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka unciphise ubungakanani be-sodium (ityuwa) ekutyeni kwakho ngakumbi ukuze uthintele uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (BP).
• Ukuya exesheni: I-hormone i-estrogen inceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuya exesheni ngokwendalo okanye ukususwa kwamaqanda ngotyando kunokunciphisa amanqanaba e-estrogen yakho , kukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuqhekeka kwegazi, i-atherosclerosis, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Njengoko udlula exesheni, usengozini enkulu yokutyeba kakhulu - i-body mass index (BMI) engaphezulu kwama-30. Unokufumana amafutha esiswini (amafutha esiswini). Uphando lubonisa ukuba oku kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo. Ukutyeba kakhulu kuyingozi kakhulu kubasetyhini kunakumadoda (umngcipheko wesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo uyanda ngama-64% kubasetyhini kunye nama-46% kumadoda). Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nesifo sentliziyo ngenxa yokutyeba kakhulu.
• Ukungazilolongi: Ukuzilolonga kubonakala kunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kwabasetyhini ngaphezu kwamadoda. Kodwa abafazi abaninzi abazivilolongi ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukutshaya: Abafazi abatshayayo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo sentliziyo (i-CVD) kunamadoda atshayayo, kwaye banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba ngokwawo: Abafazi bamalunga nama-80% abantu abanezifo ezichaphazela umzimba ngokwawo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis kunye ne-lupus. Ezi zifo zinyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo, kunye nezinye iingxaki zentliziyo.
• I-Preeclampsia kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluhambelana nokukhulelwa: I-Preeclampsia inyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye/okanye isifo seswekile kamva ebomini. Ikwanyusa nomngcipheko westroke. Umntu ofunyaniswe ene-preeclampsia unamathuba angama-75% okufa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo kwixesha elizayo.
• Isifo Seswekile Sokukhulelwa: Ukufunyaniswa kwesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile ubomi bonke. Kukwanyusa nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo ubomi bonke.
• I-Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Postpartum okanye i-Pregnancy-associated Cardiomyopathy): Le yimeko apho intliziyo iba buthathaka kwaye inokuqhubeka nokungasebenzi kwentliziyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kwanokufa.
• I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): I-PCOS inyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Abantu abane-PCOS banokuba nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye ne-sleep apnea.
• Unyango lokuthintela ukukhulelwa ngomlomo (okanye 'ipilisi'): Ukusela 'ipilisi' kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo ukuba unezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, njengokutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutshaya.

Uvavanyo kunye nonyango lwesifo sentliziyo lwahluke njani kubafazi?

Kukwakho umahluko othile kuvavanyo nakunyango ngokuxhomekeke kwisini. Umzekelo:

• Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yokuba kubekho umaleko omkhulu wamafutha (i-plaque) kumthambo (isifo semithambo yentliziyo esithintelayo), kunokubakho umaleko omncinci wamafutha ngaphakathi komthambo. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini. I-angiogram yentliziyo ayisoloko ibona olu hlobo lomaleko wamafutha. Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zilungile, kunokufuneka wenze iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukuze ufumane unobangela weempawu zakho.
• Abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okungakwazi ukumelana nohlobo lwamayeza olubizwa ngokuba yi-ACE inhibitor.
• Iistatins zehlisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol kumntu wonke, kodwa abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba nemiphumo emibi. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwiistatins zinqabile kakhulu, kwanaphakathi kwabasetyhini.

Kubalulekile: Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi zakho, iimpawu, iziphumo zovavanyo, kunye neempendulo kumayeza. Umahluko phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, njengembali yethu yezonyango kunye nemeko-bume yoluntu, ngamanye amaxesha unokubaluleka ngaphezu komahluko osekelwe kwisini.

Ngaba abafazi bangakwazi ukuthintela isifo sentliziyo? Njani?

Ngamafutshane, ewe! Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukwazi ukuba zeziphi izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kwaye uzame ukuzitshintsha. Okukhona unezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko ezininzi, kokukhona unokuba sengozini yokuba nesifo sentliziyo.

Cinga ngezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo njengengozi yokuba itayara eliphanzileyo emotweni ligqabhuke. Ukuba udlula isikhonkwane esinye, itayara ligqabhuke emva komgama omfutshane. Kodwa ungafika kwindawo yokulungisa ngaphambi kokuba umoya wonke uphele. Kodwa ukuba udlula izikhonkwane ezintathu okanye ezine, itayara ligqabhuke ngaphambi kokuba ufike evenkileni, kwaye kuya kufuneka ucele uncedo.

Ngokufanayo, ukuba unesinye sezizathu ezibangela isifo sentliziyo, usenokuba uphilile okwethutyana. Kodwa njengoko zisanda, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujongane neengxaki ezinkulu kwangethuba.

Ukuze uphephe ukugqabhuka kwetayara, ungaziphepha izinto ezibukhali xa uzibona. Xa sithetha ngesifo sentliziyo, uphando lubonisa ukuba iimeko ezi-4 kwezi-5 zesifo sentliziyo zinokuthintelwa!Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iingozi onazo kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho ukuze uziphephe kangangoko unako.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezithile onokuzenza:

• Bona ugqirha wakho ukuze uhlolwe umzimba minyaka le.
• Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini. Oku kungabandakanya ukuthatha amayeza.
• Yenza isicwangciso sokuzilolonga esikulungeleyo. Kancinci kancinci yandisa ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga okuphakathi (njengokuhamba) ngeveki.
• Ziphephe iimveliso zecuba kwaye unciphise utywala.
• Landela isicwangciso sokutya esinempilo sentliziyo.

Xa ucinga ngokutya okunempilo kwentliziyo, khumbula la manyathelo alula:

• Isicwangciso: Bhala phantsi iinjongo zakho zokutya, cela ingcebiso kugqirha okanye kwingcali yesondlo. Bhala phantsi ukutya ofuna ukukutya rhoqo, kunye nokutya ofuna ukukunciphisa okanye ukukuyeka.
• Khetha: Khetha iiresiphi zakho ozithandayo kwaye ucwangcise ukutya kwakho kweveki. Yenza uluhlu lwezinto zokutya uze uthenge kolo luhlu. Ukuba ukhetha ukutya ngaphandle, yenza imenyu yakho eyenzelwe wena eneendlela ezinempilo yentliziyo kwaye ukhethe kuzo kuphela.
• Inxalenye: Nokuba ukutya okulungileyo kunokuba yingozi xa kutyiwa kakhulu. Lumka ubungakanani benxalenye oyityayo.
• Yonwabela!: Ukutya ukutya okunempilo yentliziyo kufanele kube mnandi. Ukuba awuyithandi into oyenzayo, fumana iindlela zokupheka ezintsha. Buza abahlobo bakho. Khumbula, ukufumana ibhalansi ekuhambeni kwexesha kusebenza ngakumbi kunokwenza imithetho engqongqo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokonwabela ukutya okuthandayo ngokulinganisela, nokuba kuluhlu "lwezinto ezinempilo yentliziyo".

Ukuba unezinto ezibangela isifo sentliziyo, okanye imbali yesifo sentliziyo, awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu ziphila nezi meko. Rhoqo kwimizuzwana engama-40, umntu uba nesifo sentliziyo. Ezi zibalo zisenokubonakala zisoyikisa, kodwa ukwazi oku kunokukunika amandla okwenza utshintsho. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iimeko ezi-4 kwezi-5 zesifo sentliziyo zinokuthintelwa.

Asinto onokuyenza wedwa le. Wonke umntu uhlala kwindawo echaphazela izinto ezifana noko akutyayo, ukuba benza umthambo kangakanani, kunye nokuba baziva bexinezelekile kangakanani. Ukhetho lomntu lulodwa aluthethi yonke into. Kodwa ukhetho, ingakumbi xa luxhaswa zizixhobo ezifanelekileyo, lunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento onokuyenza ukunceda impilo yentliziyo yakho.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ukuze ukwazi ukukhumbula ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwizinto esithethe ngazo.

• Indlela abafazi abafumana ngayo isifo sentliziyo (`Isifo sentliziyo`) kunye neempawu zinokwahluka kwezo zamadoda. Ngoko ke musa ukucinga lula, 'Oku akunakuba sisifo sentliziyo.'
• Qaphela ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga, ukuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba unezi zinto zingaphezulu kwesinye.
• Qaphela izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko (umz. uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, imbali yosapho, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni, i-PCOS) kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokulawula ezo zinto.
• Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) sesinye sezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zokuthintela isifo sentliziyo.
• Awuwedwa. Cela uncedo, buza imibuzo, kwaye uthathe uxanduva ngempilo yakho.

Isifo sentliziyo, impilo yabasetyhini, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo, izinto ezinobungozi, iimpawu, uthintelo