Uke wezwa ngaleli gciwane eliyingozi le-MRSA? (I-Staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-Methicillin) Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe!

Cishe uke wezwa ngala “ma-superbugs” ephephandabeni, ku-TV, noma enkulumweni yomunye umuntu, akunjalo? Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona amabhaktheriya angathinteki ngisho nangama-antibiotic avamile esiwanikezayo ukwelapha isifo, okungukuthi, ayamelana nawo. I-MRSA ingenye yalawo ma-bacteria, iyingozi kancane, kunzima ukwelapha. Njengoba lokhu kungathinta abantu abaningi, ake sifunde kabanzi nge-MRSA namuhla. Ngoba, ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi kubaluleke kakhulu kimi nakuwe, kithi sonke.

Iyini ngempela i-MRSA?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-MRSA. Igama elifushane elithi MRSA lisuselwa egameni lesiNgisi elide elithi `Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus`. Nakuba igama lingase libonakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ngamagama alula lingokulandelayo: `I-Staphylococcus aureus` uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elingahlala esikhumbeni sethu. Kodwa-ke, le MRSA uhlobo olukhethekile lwaleyo bhaktheriya ethi `Staphylococcus aureus`. Okukhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi leli bhaktheriya limelana namanye ama-antibiotic amaningi anamandla, okuhlanganisa ne-antibiotic ethi `Methicillin`. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngisho nangale mithi, kunzima kakhulu ukubulala amagciwane e-MRSA. Yingakho ukuyelapha nakho kuyinselele.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokutheleleka kwe-Staph okuvamile kanye nokutheleleka kwe-MRSA?

Lokhu kuyinkinga futhi kubantu abaningi.

• Ukutheleleka kwe-staph: Lokhu kungaba yinoma yikuphi ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Staphylococcus aureus . Kuvame kakhulu kune-MRSA, futhi kuvame ukuphulukiswa ngama -antibiotic avamile.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA: Lokhu ukutheleleka okubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya i-Staph, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, olungamelana nama-antibiotic amaningi. Yingakho ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukukwelapha.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwe-MRSA?

Yebo, ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endaweni ezungezile: 1. I-MRSA etholakala kwezempilo (HA-MRSA): Lolu hlobo luvame ukusabalala phakathi kwabantu abasezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo njengezibhedlela kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu abadala. 2. I-MRSA etholakala emphakathini (CA-MRSA): Lokhu kuyinto eye yabonakala kakhulu kusukela ngawo-1980. Okukhethekile ukuthi ingakhula nakubantu abaphilile abangazange baye kunoma yisiphi isibhedlela noma isikhungo sezempilo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka ezingabangelwa yi-MRSA:

• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile (SSTIs): Lokhu yikona okuvame kakhulu.
• Inyumoniya :Ukutheleleka okuthinta amaphaphu.
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo namalunga (i-Osteomyelitis): Kuthinta amathambo namalunga.
• Ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya egazini ( i-Bacteremia ): Amabhaktheriya angena egazini. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi.
• I-Endocarditis : Ukutheleleka kodonga lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-MRSA?

Izimpawu ze-MRSA zingahluka kuye ngokuthi utheleleke kuphi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Imfiva.
• Ubuhlungu endaweni ethelelekile.
• Ubomvu, ukushintsha kombala, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ubomvu noma uketshezi olugcwalisa isikhumba. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kutheleleka kwesikhumba kwe-MRSA kungabonakala njengokulunywa yizicabucabu. Ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala).
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona isilonda sesikhumba, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-MRSA?

Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-Staphylococcus aureus akhule ukumelana nama-antibiotic.

• Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngokwemvelo endaweni ezungezile.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, amabhaktheriya athuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela ukuze abalekele ama-antibiotic, njengokwakha isihlangu sokuzivikela esitheni.
• Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nezibhedlela, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotic kungabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya amelane nawo.

I-Methicillin iyi-antibiotic ehlobene ne-penicillin. Nakuba igama elithi MRSA lithi "imelana ne-methicillin," izinhlobo ze-MRSA empeleni ziyamelana neminye imithi eminingi elwa namagciwane. Isibonelo:

• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-'Penicillin' (isib. `Amoxicillin`, `Ampicillin`)
• `Cephalosporins` (isb. `Cefepime`)
• `I-Carbapenems` (isib. `I-Meropenem`, `Imipenem`)

Ngokuvamile, i-MRSA ehlobene nesibhedlela (HA-MRSA) imelana kakhulu nemithi elwa namagciwane eminingana kune-MRSA ehlobene nomphakathi (CA-MRSA).

I-MRSA idluliselwa kanjani?

Lokhu futhi kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Abanye abantu banebhaktheriya ye-MRSA esikhumbeni noma ekhaleni labo, kodwa abaguli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhaktheriya emzimbeni.Uma une-MRSA ehlala emzimbeni wakho, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwe-nasal noma i-skin swab kuzobonisa ukuthi une-MRSA. Ungasakaza i-MRSA kwabanye kusuka kothile onayo. Kunezindlela eziningana i-MRSA engasakazwa ngazo:

• Ngokuxhumana ngqo nomuntu onegciwane noma ohlala ekoloni ne-MRSA.
• Ngokuthinta izinto noma izindawo ezingcoliswe yibhaktheriya. I-MRSA ngezinye izikhathi ingaphila ezindaweni ezingcoliswe yibhaktheriya amasonto!
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu ezingcoliswe amagciwane. Isibonelo, imibhede, izingubo, imishini yezokwelapha noma yezemidlalo, amathawula, izinsila zokushefa, izitsha zokudla, njll.
• Ngemishini yezokwelapha engcolile efakwe emzimbeni (isib. umugqa ophakathi wemithambo yegazi, ipayipi lokuphefumula).

Yebo, i-MRSA iyisifo esithathelwanayo. Singasakazeka ngokuthintana kwesikhumba noma ngokuthinta izindawo ezingcoliswe yibhaktheriya. Ngezinye izikhathi singasakazeka phakathi kwamalungu omndeni noma abantu abahlala endlini eyodwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MRSA?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kunabanye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu abafaka izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni emizimbeni yabo.
• Abantu abadlala imidlalo edinga ukuxhumana eduze (isib. i-rugby).
• Abantu abasebenza esikhungweni sezempilo.
• Abantu abahlala ndawonye ngamaqembu (isib. amakamu ezempi, amajele).
• Abantu abanezifo ezithile ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba (isib. isifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, i-HIV, umdlavuza).
• Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
• Abantu abafakelwe idivayisi yezokwelapha emizimbeni yabo (isib., ilunga lokwenziwa).
• Abantu abachithe isikhathi eside esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-MRSA?

Uma odokotela bengakwazi ukulawula ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA ngama-antibiotic, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• I-Sepsis kanye ne-septic shock: Lokhu kuyimpendulo eqisiwe yomzimba ekuthelelekeni. Lokhu kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophansi, ukulimala kwezicubu, kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula kanye nokwehluleka.
• Ukulahlekelwa yizitho ezinegciwane (ukunqunywa kwemilenze).

Izinto ezinjengalezi yingakho kudingeka sikhathazeke nge-MRSA.

Ungayibona kanjani i-MRSA?

Udokotela uxilonga ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA ngokuthatha isampula yezicubu zomzimba noma uketshezi bese eluthumela elabhorethri ukuze luhlolwe. Bangase bazame ukukhulisa (ukutshala) amabhaktheriya avela kusampula. Izinhlobo zamasampula ezingahlolwa yilezi:

• Igazi.
• Izicubu ezivela enxebeni.
• Umchamo.
• I-sputum (i-phlegm ephuma emaphashini uma ukhwehlela)

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bathatha nesampula esikhumbeni noma ekhaleni (i-nasal swab) ukuze bahlole ukuthi i-MRSA ingenile yini.

Iphathwa kanjani i-MRSA?

Lapho belapha ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA, odokotela bagxila ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: 1. Ukunakekela kahle noma yimaphi amanxeba avulekile. 2. Ukuthola i-antibiotic esebenza kahle ngokumelene nohlobo lwe-MRSA onalo. Amanxeba aphathwa ngokukhipha ubomvu esilondeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izicubu ezithelelekile. Futhi, izinto zokwenziwa (njengamalunga okwenziwa) ezifakwe emzimbeni zingasuswa uma zitheleleka. Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-MRSA kwelashwa esibhedlela ngama-antibiotic e-intravenous (IV).

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-antibiotic angasetshenziswa ku-MRSA. Kodwa khumbula, lawa kufanele anikezwe kuphela ngokunconywa udokotela.

• `I-Vancomycin`
• `I-Rifampin`
• `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)`
• 'I-Ceftaroline'
• `I-Linezolid`
• `I-Daptomycin`
• `I-Clindamycin`
• I- Doxycycline (i-Doxycycline)
• `Delafloxacin`

Ngezinye izikhathi i-MRSA ibizwa ngokuthi "i-superbug" ngoba imelana nama-antibiotic amaningi, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase banqume ukunikeza ama-antibiotic angaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze balwe naleli gciwane.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-MRSA?

Izisebenzi zezempilo zilandela izindlela ezahlukene zokuphepha kanye nokubulala amagciwane ukuze zivimbele izifo ezitholakala kwezempilo njenge-MRSA. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni.
• Ukubulala amagciwane kwemishini yezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlola iziguli nezivakashi ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezempilo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa/ukuhlukanisa abantu abane-MRSA kuvimbela ukusabalala kwabanye.

Kunezinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele ku-MRSA (CA-MRSA) ehlobene nomphakathi:

• Uma kukhona amanxeba, wagcine ehlanzekile futhi uwabophe kahle.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana namathawula nezinsingo nabanye.
• Ungasebenzisi kabusha izinaliti (ngisho nezakho) ezisetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa noma imithi engekho emthethweni.
• Khumula ithawula ngaphambi kokuhlala unqunu ebhentshini egumbini lokushintshela lejimu.
• Geza izingubo zokulala, amathawula, nezingubo zokuzilolonga njalo ngamanzi ashisayo. Zomise kahle. Asikho isidingo sokuhlanza, futhi asikho isidingo sokugeza izinto ezingase zingcole zodwa.
• Geza ngokushesha ngemva kokuzivocavoca noma imisebenzi eyandisa ingozi yakho yokuchayeka ku-MRSA.
• Sula izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa njengezinkinobho zikagesi, izilawuli ezikude, kanye nemishini yezemidlalo ngesibulali-magciwane. Hlola ilebula ukuze ubone ukuthi yiziphi izibulali-magciwane ezibulala amagciwane e-Staph.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi afudumele okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Uma ukugeza izandla zakho kungenzeki, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala .

Uma unedivayisi yezokwelapha, njenge-catheter, efakwe emzimbeni wakho, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele igcinwe isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni phakathi naleso sikhathi.

Yini ongayilindela uma uthola i-MRSA?

Uma unesifo sesikhumba, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha lesi sifo ngokukhipha amanzi esilondeni bese ekhipha ubomvu. Ungase futhi unikezwe umuthi wokuklwebha isikhumba noma umuthi wokulwa namagciwane omlomo. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo se-MRSA esibi noma esisakazekile, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. I-MRSA (CA-MRSA) etholakala emphakathini (Community-acquired MRSA), ikakhulukazi izifo zesikhumba, ingaba lula ukwelapha kune-MRSA (HA-MRSA) etholakala esibhedlela. Kodwa-ke, cishe ama-70% ezifo zesikhumba ze-MRSA zizophinde zibuye ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi abanye abantu ohlala nabo sebeyi-MRSA, noma ngoba amagciwane e-MRSA angaphila ezintweni nasezindaweni isikhathi eside, okubangela ukuthi uphinde utheleleke.

Ingabe ngizohlukaniswa nabanye uma ngiba ne-MRSA?

Uma welashwa esibhedlela, ungase ubekwe ekamelweni elilodwa noma ngaphansi kwemingcele ekhethekile yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-MRSA kwabanye. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bangacela izivakashi ukuthi zigqoke amagilavu ​​​​ezokwelapha, ama-gown, noma imaski yobuso.

I-MRSA ithelelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Amagciwane e-MRSA angadluliselwa uma nje ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi akhona emzimbeni wakho noma esikhumbeni sakho. Udokotela wakho uzothatha i-swab ekhaleni lakho noma esikhumbeni sakho bese ehlola i-MRSA ukuze abone ukuthi usathelelana yini.

Ingabe i-MRSA ingelapheka ngokuphelele? Lingakanani izinga lokufa?

Yebo, amacala e-MRSA angaphezu kwesigamu ayelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Futhi, izifo eziningi zesikhumba ze-MRSA zingelashwa ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezinkulu, njenge-pneumonia, i-endocarditis, kanye ne-bacteremia, zingaba zimbi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba udokotela athole ukwelashwa okufanele. Izinga lokufa kwe-MRSA liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi. Isibonelo, uma i-MRSA ibangela i-bacteremia egazini - uhlobo olubi kakhulu - izinga lokufa lingaba phakathi kuka-20% no-50%. Lokho kukunikeza umbono wokuthi lokhu kungaba yingozi kangakanani.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unedivayisi yezokwelapha emzimbeni wakho noma uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthaka, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka okufanele uziqaphele. Bona udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ezisolisayo. Njalo bona udokotela uma unenxeba elikhulu noma inxeba elingapholi. Ngisho noma usesibhedlela, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okuhle nethimba lakho lezokwelapha. Batshele uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengobuhlungu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo, ubuthakathaka, noma umkhuhlane.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-40 (103 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Uma inxeba libuhlungu, linephunga elibi, noma ligcwele uketshezi oluluhlaza, oluphuzi, noma olunsundu.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi (izimpawu: ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuquleka).

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ukhuluma nodokotela nge-MRSA, kuyasiza ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?
• Ngingazivimbela kanjani ekusakazeni i-MRSA kwabanye?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele lolu hlobo lokutheleleka ukuthi lungenzeki esikhathini esizayo?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa izindaba ezesabekayo nge-MRSA. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi bezempilo basebenza kanzima ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo ezibhedlela nakwezinye izindawo, futhi amacala e-MRSA (HA-MRSA) ahlobene nesibhedlela ayancipha e-United States naseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinhlobo ze-MRSA zingabangela ukutheleleka okungaba yingozi. Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu noma isilonda esingeke siphole, ikakhulukazi uma unedivayisi yezokwelapha noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha onazo, noma yimaphi amadivayisi onawo, noma uma usanda kuchitha isikhathi esiningi esibhedlela. Lolu lwazi lungabasiza ukuthi bathole imbangela yezimpawu zakho futhi baphathe noma yikuphi ukutheleleka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuqwashisa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekuthelelekeni! I-MRSA, i-Staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-methicillin, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba, ukutheleleka esibhedlela, ukutheleleka okutholakala emphakathini