Ingabe ingane yakho encane inalezi zimpawu zomkhuhlane ezingajwayelekile? Ake sifunde ngesifo sikaKawasaki!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingavamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esibi kakhulu, esingathinta izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-Kawasaki Disease. Abanye abazali bangase besabe kancane uma bezwa leli gama, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Uma unolwazi olufanele futhi uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, isikhathi esiningi ingane yakho ingaphulukiswa ngokuphelele.

Siyini isifo seKawasaki?

Kalula nje, isifo sikaKawasaki siwukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-Vasculitis". Manje cabanga ngakho, kwenzekani uma umthambo wegazi uvuvukala? Ungaba buthakathaka, welule, futhi uvuvuke njengebhaluni. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungaqhuma. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuvuvukala kungabangela izibazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, kunciphise imithambo yegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingxenye ezahlukene nezitho zomzimba azitholi igazi elanele, okungukuthi, ukudla okunomsoco. Isifo sikaKawasaki sivame ukuthinta izingane ezincane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neminyaka emi-5 . Nakuba empeleni singathinta noma yimuphi umthambo wegazi emzimbeni, kufanele sikhathazeke kakhulu ngemithambo yegazi eyinhloko enikeza igazi enhliziyweni, "imithambo ye-Coronary" . Ngoba uma le mithambo yegazi yonakele, ingathinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yengane. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma lesi sifo sibonakala ngesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, izingane eziningi zizolulama ngokuphelele zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili .

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Isifo iKawasaki empeleni siyisifo esingavamile . Isibonelo, emazweni afana ne-United States neCanada, sithinta izingane eziphakathi kuka-10 no-20 kwezingu-100,000 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5. Kodwa-ke, emazweni ase-Asia afana neJapan, Korea, neTaiwan, leli nani liphakeme kancane. Lapho, lithinta izingane eziphakathi kuka-50 no-250 kwezingu-100,000. Kodwa-ke, into eyodwa ebalulekile ukuthi emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States neJapan, iSifo iKawasaki sitholakale njengembangela ehamba phambili yesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni kamuva . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sikuqaphele lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikaKawasaki?

Manje ake sibheke izimpawu ezingabonisa ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo se-Kawasaki. Kufanele uzikhumbule ngayinye ngayinye.

• Umkhuhlane ohlala okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu . Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko nolokuqala.
• Ingane ihlala ingaphumuli futhi ikhala (Ukucasuka) .
• Amehlo abomvu noma apinki , kodwa akukho okuphumayo emehlweni.
• Izindebe ezibomvu, eziqhekekile, ulimi olubomvu, olufana ne-strawberry (`ulimi lwe-strawberry`) .
• Ukuvuvukala kanye/noma ukubomvu kwezandla nezinyawo .
• Ukukhuhla isikhumba ezinzwaneni zeminwe, ikakhulukazi ezizungeze izinzipho .
• Ukuqubuka . Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezifana nesifuba nesisu. Ngezinye izikhathi kungavela nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni . Elinye noma amaningi angase avuvukele.
• Ubuhlungu besisu , ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza , isifo sohudo , njll.

Ungesabi isifo sikaKawasaki ngoba nje unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu. Kodwa uma unomkhuhlane izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu futhi unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwezinye izimpawu ezishiwo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha .

Yini ebangela isifo seKawasaki?

Imbangela eqondile yesifo iKawasaki ayaziwa . Lokhu kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kungani senzeka. Kodwa abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokucwaninga. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukutheleleka , isici sendawo , noma ukuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo kungaba yimbangela. Enye into ukuthi lesi sifo sivame ukubonakala kakhulu ngasekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo . Kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi kungani ngempela.

Ingabe lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo?

Cha. Isifo sikaKawasaki asisona isifo esithelelanayo . Asisabalaliswa ngoketshezi lomzimba, ukuthinta, noma ukuthimula. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo i-Kawasaki?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo. Sibabiza ngokuthi 'amaqembu asengozini'.

• Abafana bakhula kancane kunamantombazane.
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 zithinteka kakhulu.
• Izingane zohlanga lwase-Asia noma lwasePacific Islander zinamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo seKawasaki singakhula ngisho nakubantu abangenazo lezi zinto eziyingozi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zesifo iKawasaki?

Into eyingozi kakhulu ngesifo iKawasaki yizinkinga ezingabangelwa yiso, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nenhliziyo.

• Imithambo yenhliziyo iyavuvukala, ibe buthaka, futhi ifane nebhaluni (ama-Aneurysms) . Lena inkinga eyingozi kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa okufana nokuhlinzwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo.
• Amahlule egazi akheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yenhliziyo bese kuba nokuncipha kwemithambo .
• Ukuqhuma kwemithambo yenhliziyo . Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu.
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyoLawa ma-valve alawula ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (`Myocarditis` noma` Pericarditis` ) .
• I-Hepatitis .
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu (i-Pneumonitis) .
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo .
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas (`i -Pancreatitis` ) .
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo .
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo . Nakuba kungavamile ezinganeni ezincane, lokhu kungabangelwa yisifo se-Kawasaki.

Lezi zinkinga zingase zesabe ukuzwa ngazo. Kodwa khumbula, eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingavinjelwa uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngesikhathi .

Isifo sikaKawasaki sitholakala kanjani?

Odokotela banquma ukuthi ingane inesifo se-Kawasaki yini ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zayo kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba . Babheka izimpawu esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili. Ngezinye izikhathi ingane ingase ingabonakali zonke izimpawu zesifo se-Kawasaki. Ingase ibe nezinye zezimpawu kuphela. Kuleso simo, ibizwa ngokuthi "Isifo se-Kawasaki esingavamile noma esingaphelele." Ngaphambi kokuthola isifo, odokotela babheka nezinye izimbangela zomkhuhlane, okungukuthi, ezinye izifo. Bayazisusa zonke lezi ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa isifo se-Kawasaki.

Yiziphi izigaba ezintathu zesifo sikaKawasaki?

Isifo seKawasaki sivame ukudlula ezigabeni ezintathu.

Isigaba sokuqala (Isigaba Esiphuthumayo)

• Kuqala ngomkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu .
• Zilimaza umzimba, ikakhulukazi isifuba, isisu kanye nembobo.
• Amehlo aba bomvu (i-Pink eye).
• Izindebe nolimi kuba bomvu, ulimi lubukeke njenge-strawberry.
• Izintende zezandla nezinyawo ziyabomvu futhi zivuvuke.
• Amaqhubu entanyeni avuvukele.

Isigaba Sesibili (Isigaba Esingaphansi Kwe-Subacute)

• Lesi sigaba siqala ngemva kokuba umkhuhlane usuphelile .
• Kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nohudo.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga kanye nobuhlungu besisu bungase buvele.
• Isikhumba ezandleni nasezinyaweni siqala ukuxebuka , ikakhulukazi ezinzwaneni.

Isigaba Sesithathu (Isigaba Sokululama)

• Phakathi nalesi sikhathi , izimpawu ziyancipha kancane kancane .
• Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zangaphambilini (ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nenhliziyo) zingase ziqhubeke, ngakho odokotela bazoqhubeka nokuqapha ingane eduze phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Kunzima ukuhlukanisa lezi zigaba ngqo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingaguqukela komunye nomunye.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongweni?

Isifo sikaKawasaki siwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwalokhu,Akukho "ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ". Okusho ukuthi, awukwazi ukuthatha ithonsi legazi bese uthi, 'O, lena yiKawasaki.'" Kodwa-ke, lapho odokotela besola isifo seKawasaki, benza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze basiqinisekise futhi bakhiphe ezinye izimo.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Lokhu kuhlola izimpawu zokuvuvukala, i-anemia, kanye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo .
• I-Echocardiogram : Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu . Njengokuskena kwe-ultrasound kwengane esibelethweni, kungabona ngokucacile isimo senhliziyo yengane kanye nemithambo yenhliziyo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-aneurysms. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) : Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo yengane, okungukuthi, iphethini yokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlola engenabuhlungu.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kudingeka, i-CT angiogram ( ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa i-X-ray kanye nekhompyutha) noma i-MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram) (ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa umshini we-MRI) nakho kungenziwa.

Odokotela baphetha ngokuthi ingane inesifo seKawasaki ngokuqhathanisa ulwazi olutholwe kulezi zivivinyo nezimpawu zengane.

Isifo sikaKawasaki siphathwa kanjani?

Lapho nje isifo sikaKawasaki sitholakala, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokungenisa ingane esibhedlela . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba lokhu kunganciphisa umonakalo ongenziwa enhliziyweni. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko okunikezwayo yile:

• I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) : Lona umuthi okhethekile owenziwe ngamaprotheni atholakala egazini lomuntu. Ufakwa emthanjeni ofana nosawoti. Unciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Iningi lezingane liyalulama ngalokhu. Kodwa-ke, cishe izingane eziyi-10 kweziyi-100 zingase zingasabeli kahle kumthamo wokuqala we-IVIG. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadingeka umthamo wesibili noma eminye imithi.
• I-aspirin : Imithamo ephezulu ye-aspirin inikezwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi. Ngemva kokuba umkhuhlane usuphelile, uma kukhona umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi enhliziyweni, i-aspirin iyaqhubeka ngomthamo ophansi ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Uketshezi lwe-IV : Vikela ingane ukuthi ingaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Eminye imithi enciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala .
• Ama-anticoagulant ezinganeni ezisengozini yokuqhekeka kwegazi .
• Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, ama-steroid noma eminye imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala inganikezwa.
• Ukusebenzisa izindwangu ezibandayo emzimbeni kungasiza ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane.

Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa yile:

• Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• Ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi, ikakhulukazi imithambo yenhliziyo.
• Ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zemithambo yenhliziyo.
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lokhu kwelashwa kungabangela imiphumela emibi. I-IVIG ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi:

• I-Hemolytic anemia ( amangqamuzana abomvu egazi afa ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile)
• Ukusabela kokumuncwa - njengomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu emisipheni noma emalungeni.

Uma unikezwa imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant), ingozi yokopha iphakeme kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nesilonda esincane singathatha isikhathi ukuyeka ukopha.

Ingabe isifo seKawasaki singavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, cha . Njengoba imbangela eqondile yeSifo sikaKawasaki ingaziwa, ayikho indlela yokusivimbela okwamanje.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ingane yami ine-Kawasaki Disease?

Uma nje ingane yakho isolwa ukuthi inesifo iKawasaki, odokotela bazoyingenisa esibhedlela. Kusesibhedlela lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa okudingekayo bese kuqala ukwelashwa. Ingane izokwazi ukuya ekhaya:

• Uma ukwazi ukuphuza uketshezi kahle.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuthatha umuthi ngomlomo.
• Uma umkhuhlane usuphelile ngokuphelele futhi izimpawu zokuvuvukala emzimbeni seziphelile.

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokubona udokotela womndeni wakho (umhlinzeki wezempilo oyinhloko), udokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo (udokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo), kanye nodokotela wezifo zenhliziyo (udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo) . Bazoqapha ingane yakho eduze, baphinde bahlole igazi, futhi baphinde baphathe kuze kube yilapho bethi akusadingeki ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo uzovakashela ikhaya lengane yakho futhi enze i-echocardiogram emavikini amabili, futhi aphinde abuye emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha . Uma ingane yakho ibe nezinkinga ngemithambo yenhliziyo, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-echocardiogram kaningi.

Ingabe isifo sikaKawasaki singalapheka ngokuphelele?

Izimpawu zesifo sikaKawasaki zingahlala cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha . Ingane ingase izizwe ikhathele futhi ingaphumuli kuze kube amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Ezinye izingane, ezingaba ngu-2 noma 3 kwabayi-100, zingase ziphinde zibe nesifo sikaKawasaki . Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikaKawasaki singabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside emithanjeni yenhliziyo futhi singaholela esifweni senhliziyo lapho isikhulile.Isibonelo yi-atherosclerosis. Abantu abane-aneurysms ngenxa yalesi sifo kuzodingeka babonane nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuze bahlolwe impilo yabo yonke, kungaba kanye ngonyaka noma njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ingadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwegazi. Udokotela wakho uzoqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ayibi namahlule nokuthi imisipha yenhliziyo ithola umoya-mpilo owanele.

Ingabe Isifo sikaKawasaki siyingozi?

Yebo, isifo sikaKawasaki siyisifo esibi kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo siqashelwa kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kuqalwe ngesikhathi, izingane eziningi zingalulama ngokuphelele . Izinkinga zenhliziyo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa, zingavela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 nezingu-45 ngemva kokuqala komkhuhlane. Ngenhlanhla, ukwelashwa kungavimbela izifo eziningi zenhliziyo. Uma kungelashwa, cishe izingane ezingu-25 kweziyi-100 zizoba ne-aneurysms yemithambo yenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, uma zelashwa ngesikhathi, leli nani lehla liye ngaphansi kwezingu-6 kweziyi-100. Ngokwelashwa, cishe u-50% wezingane ezine-aneurysms yemithambo yenhliziyo ziyalulama zingakapheli unyaka noma emibili.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani ingane yami?

Ngesikhathi ingane yakho ilulama kwisifo iKawasaki, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza:

• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho inolwazi lwakamuva ngayo yonke imijovo yayo . Qaphela kakhulu ngemijovo ye-COVID-19, i-influenza, kanye ne-varicella ngenkathi ingane yakho ithatha i-aspirin. Kukhona ingozi encane yesimo esingavamile kodwa esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye's syndrome ezinganeni ezincane lapho i-aspirin ithathwa ngesifo esibangelwa yigciwane.
• Unganiki ingane yakho imijovo yegciwane eliphilayo izinyanga eziyi-11 ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-IVIG . Isibonelo, imijovo ye-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), i-chickenpox (varicella), kanye nemijovo ye-nasal influenza ephilayo. I-IVIG ingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza ama-antibodies ngokumelene nala magciwane.
• Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka kwi-echocardiogram yengane yakho, nciphisa imisebenzi ethile njengoba kuceliwe udokotela .

Ngingambona nini udokotela?

Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngemuva kokubuya ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela:

• Uma umkhuhlane ubuya .
• Uma unezinhlungu ezinzima emalungeni akho .
• Uma izimpawu zangaphambilini seziphinde zavela futhi futhi zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Kawasaki Disease:

• 'Ingabe isimo sengane yami sibi kangakanani?'
• 'Ucabanga ukuthi ingane izohlala isikhathi esingakanani esibhedlela?'
• 'Ingabe kukhona amaqembu okusekela abazali bezingane ezinesifo sikaKawasaki?'
• 'Kufanele nginciphise kangakanani imisebenzi yengane yami?'

Akulula ukubona ingane yakho ihlushwa umkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu. Kodwa khumbula, abacwaningi bathole izindlela zokwelapha ezinhle zalesi sifo, futhi izingane eziningi seziluleme kuso. Ukuze ududuze ingane yakho, cela udokotela ukuthi ungayiletha yini ithoyizi noma ingubo oyithandayo esibhedlela. Uthando lwakho nezwi lakho elizolile kuzoba amandla amakhulu enganeni yakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Isifo se-Kawasaki yisifo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu esithinta izingane ezincane futhi esingathinta inhliziyo.

• Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-5 kanye namehlo abomvu, izindebe/ulimi olubomvu, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukuvuvukala kwamalungu, kanye nokuqina kwentamo.
• Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
• Izingane eziningi ziyalulama ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa.
• Ngisho nangemva kokululama, ingane kufanele iqhubeke nokuhlolwa ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela , ikakhulukazi udokotela wenhliziyo.

Ungesabi, qaphela. Kukhona odokotela abanganikeza ingane yakho ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukunaka kwakho kanye nesinyathelo sakho esisheshayo kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekululameni kwengane yakho.