Ingabe nawe uthola ukopha ekhaleni? (Epistaxis) Ungesabi, ake sithole ngalokhu!

Ingabe usuqalile ngokuzumayo ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni lakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane ngezikhathi ezinjalo. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, lokhu akuyona into engathi sína. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kopha ekhaleni, noma okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi `(Epistaxis)`, ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini ukopha ekhaleni (i-Epistaxis)?

Kalula nje, `(Epistaxis)` ukuphuma kwegazi ezicutshini ezingaphakathi kwekhala lakho. Lokhu kungenzeka ekhaleni elilodwa, ngezinye izikhathi kokubili. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela ekhaleni elilodwa.

Uyazi, ngaphakathi kwamakhala ethu, kunemithambo yegazi eminingi emincane. Yilena esiza ekufudumaleni umoya esiwuphefumulayo, engeza umswakama, futhi iwuthumele emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa le mithambo yegazi iseduze kakhulu nesikhumba esingaphakathi kwekhala. Ngakho-ke, lapho umoya udlula ekhaleni, le mithambo yegazi iyoma futhi inamathuba amaningi okulimala. Yilapho-ke ukuphuma kwegazi kuqala khona.

Cabanga nje, cishe abantu abayisithupha kwabayishumi bake baba nokopha ekhaleni okungenani kanye empilweni yabo. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi yizinto ezincane ezingelashwa ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, uma ukopha kukhulu kakhulu , noma uma uhlanza noma unezinye izimpawu, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, kungcono kakhulu ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha .

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni?

Odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kube izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela kuphi.

Ukopha Kwempumulo Ngaphambili

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Ukopha kuqala ngaphambili kwekhala, phansi kodonga oluhlukanisa ikhala ezimbili (olubizwa nangokuthi `(septum)`). Imithambo yegazi emincane kule ndawo ithambile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingaphuka futhi yophe kalula. Lesi ngokuvamile akusona isimo esibucayi futhi singelashwa ekhaya.

Ukopha Kwempumulo Kwangemuva

Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka ngaphakathi ekhaleni. Igazi livela emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu eduze komphimbo. Lokhu kungaba ukopha okukhulu, futhi igazi lingageleza nasemphinjeni. Esimweni esinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu ngaphandle kokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni. Kodwa-ke, uma uphuma igazi ekhaleni ngemuva, elinye igazi lingahamba emphinjeni wakho liye esiswini sakho. Lokhu kungabangela ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile ngemuva komphimbo wakho futhi kukwenze uzizwe unesicanucanu.

Okubalulekile: Uma unezinye izimpawu (isib. ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya , ukudumba) kanye nokopha ekhaleni lakho, kungaba uphawu lwesinye isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo.

Kungani igazi livela ekhaleni elilodwa kuphela? Noma kokubili?

Esikhathini esiningi, ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela ekhaleni elilodwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungavela kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni kwenzeke. Ngenhlanhla, eziningi zazo azibalulekile.

Izizathu ezivamile

• Umoya owomile: Lena imbangela eyinhloko . Ikakhulukazi,
• Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama.
• Ezindaweni ezingaphezu kolwandle.
• Ezindaweni ezifudumele zangaphakathi.

Umoya owomile ungabangela ukuthi ulwelwesi oluthambile ngaphakathi kwekhala lome, luqhekeke, futhi luqhekeke. Lokhu kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi uma uvula ikhala lakho noma ubhukuda.

• Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile:
• Ukukha ikhala (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane).
• Ukulimala ekhaleni kanye/noma ebusweni.
• Ukuba ne-septum ephambukile ekhaleni.
• Ukuthimula njalo, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokopha igazi emakhaleni ngenxa yokutheleleka kwephefumo eliphezulu noma ukutheleleka kwama-sinus .
• I-rhinitis ye-allergic noma i-rhinitis engeyona i-allergic.
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezifutho zamakhala (isib. ama-antihistamine , ama-decongestant). Lokhu kungonakalisa ulwelwesi lwamakhala.
• Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (isib. i- aspirin , ama-NSAID ( ama-painkiller ), i-warfarin ).
• Ukuphefumula amakhemikhali avela emikhiqizweni yokuhlanza, umusi wendawo yokusebenza, noma amanye amaphunga anamandla.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifuthayo (isb. i-cocaine).

Izizathu zokubona okuncane

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Izinkinga zokopha (isib. i-hemophilia, isifo se-von Willebrand).
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (i-Atherosclerosis).
• Ukuhlinzwa kobuso nekhala.
• Izimila zamakhala.
• Ama-polyp ekhala.
• Ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet ngenxa yobuthakathaka besistimu yokuzivikela komzimba (i-immunothrombocytopenia).
• Umdlavuza wegazi `(i-Leukemia)`.
• I-telangiectasia ebangelwa ukopha okubangelwa yifa iyisifo esidluliselwa ngefa semithambo yegazi.
• Ukukhulelwa.

Kungani ngiphuma igazi ekhaleni ngesikhathi ngilele?

Izimbangela zokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ngesikhathi ulele ziyafana nezasemini. Izinto ezifana nomoya owomile, ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nezifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu zingalimaza ulwelwesi oluthambile lwekhala. Futhi, ukulala ubheke eceleni kungabeka ingcindezi eqondile emgodini wekhala, okubangela ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ebusuku.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lokhu? (Izici eziyingozi)

Noma ubani angaba nomopho. Iningi labantu selike labhekana nakho okungenani kanye empilweni yabo. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nakho.

• Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neyi-10: Umoya owomile, umkhuhlane, ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nokufaka iminwe nezinye izinto emakhaleni abo kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi njalo ekhaleni ezinganeni.
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-45 no-80: Njengoba usondela eminyakeni engu-50, isikhathi sakho sokujiya kwegazi singase sande. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ube nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis), noma izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi kule minyaka.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, imithambo yegazi ekhaleni iyavuleka, okubeka ingcindezi enkulu emithanjeni yegazi ethambile ekhaleni.
• Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa igazi: Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi efana ne-aspirin ne-warfarin.
• Abantu abanezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi: Isibonelo, i-hemophilia kanye nesifo se-von Willebrand.

Kunini lapho kufanele ukhathazeke khona ngokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane uma ubona igazi liphuma ekhaleni lakho, kodwa isikhathi esiningi akukubi kangako. Ungabhekana nakho ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ubonane nodokotela uma :

• Uma uvame ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni.
• Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia (ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuzizwa ubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isikhumba esikhanyayo).
• Uma uqala ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni ngemva kokuqala umuthi omusha .
• Uma unomopho wekhala kanye nokuphuka okungavamile emzimbeni wakho wonke – kokubili ndawonye – kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi, njengesifo sokujiya kwegazi (isifo se-hemophilia noma se-von Willebrand), umdlavuza wegazi (i-leukemia), noma isimila sekhala.

Uma ingane yakho ingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala futhi inomopho, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho ineminyaka emingaki, kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma ngomopho lapho ihlolwa udokotela olandelayo.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo embalwa mayelana nokopha kwakho ekhaleni:

• Kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani (ngemizuzu) ukopha?
• Cishe kulahleke igazi elingakanani?
• Uvame kangakanani ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni?
• Ingabe igazi liphume ekhaleni elilodwa noma kokubili?

Futhi, lokhu kuzwakala futhi:

• Izinhlobo zemithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-aspirin, imithi yomkhuhlane/yokungezwani komzimba, njll.)
• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onezifo ezihlobene negazi?
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kanye/noma izinto zokuhogela.

Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uzohlola ikhala lakho ukuze abone ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela kuphi nokuthi yini ebangela lokho. Bazosebenzisa ithuluzi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi ``speculum`` ukuvula ikhala bese bebheka ngaphakathi kwekhala besebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya ehlukene noma ``endoscope`` (ithubhu elincane elinekhamera).

Udokotela angase afake umuthi ekhaleni ukuze avale ingaphakathi lekhala futhi anciphise imithambo yegazi. Angase futhi asuse noma yimaphi amahlule egazi kanye noqweqwe olungaphakathi kwekhala. Lokhu kungase kungakhululeki kancane, kodwa akubuhlungu.

Akuvamile ukuthi kwenziwe i-X-ray, i-CT scan, noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi, noma izimila ekhaleni.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni kuncike embangela yokopha. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yini edingekayo ngesimo sakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-`(Epistaxis)` kungafaka:

• Ukupakisha amazinyo: Udokotela ubeka i-gauze, isiponji noma i-foam ekhethekile yamakhala, noma ibhaluni le-latex elifuthwayo ekhaleni ukuze adale ingcindezi lapho ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela khona. Udokotela angadinga ukukususa lokhu cishe amahora angama-24-48.
• Ukuhlanza: Le nqubo isebenzisa ikhemikhali (i-nitrate yesiliva) noma ukushisa (i-electrocautery) ukuvala umthambo wegazi. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, udokotela ufafaza umuthi oqeda izinhlungu ngaphakathi ekhaleni.
• Ukushintsha/ukunquma kabusha imithi: Ukunciphisa inani lemithi yokunciphisa igazi oyithathayo - noma ukuyiyeka - kungasiza. Ungase udinge nemithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akunike imithi, njenge-tranexamic acid (Lysteda®), esiza ukujiya kwegazi lakho.
• Ukususa into yangaphandle: Uma ukopha kwekhala kubangelwa okuthile okungaphakathi ekhaleni, udokotela uzokususa.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kulungiswe ikhala eliphukile noma kulungiswe i-septum ephambukile (i-septoplasty).
• Ukubopha imithambo yegazi: Kule nqubo, udokotela ubopha imithambo yegazi enikeza igazi ukuze amise ukopha.

Ungamisa kanjani ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ekhaya?

Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze umise ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni:

• Hlala uzolile, phefumula ngomlomo wakho.
• Hlala uqonde, thambekisa ikhanda lakho kancane phambili (ungathambekisi ikhanda lakho emuva, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi igazi ligeleze emphinjeni wakho).
• Sebenzisa umunwe wakho wesithupha nowokukhomba ukuze ucindezele ingxenye ethambile yekhala lakho (ngaphezu nje kwamakhala).
• Linda kuze kuphele ukopha. Sebenzisa indwangu noma indwangu emanzi ukusula igazi.

Esikhathini esiningi, ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwanele. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni kudinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Kulezi zimo, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze nothile ngokushesha, noma ushayele u-1990:

• Uma ungakwazi ukuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi ngisho nangemva kokubamba ikhala lakho imizuzu eyi-15-20.
• Uma igazi liningi (ngaphezu kwenkomishi eyodwa).
• Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (njenge-aspirin noma i-warfarin), noma uma unesifo sokujiya kwegazi, futhi ukopha kungayeki.
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula.
• Uma ugwinya igazi futhi ungakwazi ukuyeka ukuhlanza.
• Uma ikhala lakho liqala ukuphuma igazi ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda noma ukulimala okukhulu (ukuwa, ingozi yemoto, ukushaywa kanzima ebusweni/ekhaleni).

Ingabe kulungile ukuphuza amanzi ngemva kokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni?

Yebo, kufanele uphuze uketshezi oluningi ngemva kokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni. Amanzi kanye nejusi yezithelo, ezingenayo i-caffeine, kuhle. Ngemva kokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, elinye igazi lingahamba emphinjeni wakho liye esiswini sakho. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe unesicanucanu. Kodwa ukuphuza amanzi ngeke kuthinte ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni.

Ungafa ngenxa yokopha ekhaleni?

Ukopha okuvela engxenyeni engenhla ye-nasal septum noma ngaphakathi ekhaleni kungaba nzima ukukulawula. Kodwa-ke, ukufa okubangelwa ukopha ekhaleni akuvamile.

Yini engenziwa ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni?

Nazi ezinye izinto ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni:

• Ukuze ugcine imigudu yakho yamakhala imanzi, sebenzisa i-saline nasal spray noma amaconsi ekhala e-saline ekhaleni ngalinye kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Lokhu kungathengwa ekhemisi noma kwenziwe ekhaya.
• Engeza umswakama emoyeni ngokufaka i-humidifier esithandweni sakho, noma ngokubeka i-humidifier ekamelweni lakho lokulala ebusuku.
• Faka ijeli yamakhala noma amafutha okugcoba (njenge-`Bacitracin®`, `Vaseline®` noma i-`Ayr Gel®`) ngaphakathi kwamakhala akho nge-cotton bud. Ungafaki i-cotton bud ngaphezu kwe-1/4 intshi ekhaleni lakho. Lawa majeli namafutha okugcoba atholakala emakhemisi amaningi.
• Ungakhali kakhulu.
• Gcina umlomo wakho uvulekile uma uthimula. Njalo uthimula ungene ethangeni noma endololwaneni yakho.
• Ungafaki lutho oluqinile, kuhlanganise neminwe yakho, ekhaleni lakho.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engakhuphula ukopha (njenge-aspirin ne-ibuprofen). Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko emithini yakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emithini kadokotela efana ne-warfarin (Coumadin®) kanye nemithi engeyona eye-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).
• Uma izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba ekhaleni zingalawuleki kalula ngemithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela noma kadokotela, bona udokotela. Uma usebenzisa imithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, landela imiyalelo njengoba nje ichazwe. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni.
• Yeka ukubhema. Ukubhema komisa ikhala lakho futhi kubangele ukungezwani komzimba.
• Gqoka i-headdress evikelayo uma wenza imisebenzi engalimaza ubuso bakho nekhala lakho.

Fundisa ingane yakho ukugwema ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni futhi ingafaki lutho ekhaleni layo. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukugcina izinzipho zayo zimfushane. Udokotela wakho wezingane angakunikeza iseluleko esengeziwe.

Ingabe kuvamile ukuthi igazi lijiye uma unomopho wekhala?

Yebo. Amahlule egazi amahlule egazi akhiwa ngenxa yomthambo wegazi olimele. Uma umthambo wegazi wonakele, kwakheka amahlule egazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha ngokweqile. Uma ucindezela ikhala lakho ukuze kumiswe ukopha ekhaleni, ihlule legazi liqala ukwakheka. Ngokuvamile lihlala lapho uze ulisuse noma ulishaye ikhala lakho.

Kungani ngihlala ngiphuma igazi ekhaleni?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ungase ube nokopha ekhaleni njalo. Lokhu kungathinta ikhala elilodwa noma kokubili. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezifutho zamakhala ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba noma umkhuhlane/ukuminyana kwamakhala.
• Umoya lapho uhlala khona womile.
• Ukuhogela izidakamizwa ngekhala.

Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukusebenzisa isifutho isikhashana noma ngokuphelele. Uma usebenzisa le mikhiqizo, khuluma nodokotela.

Akuvamile ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi njalo (i-epistaxis) kungaba uphawu lwesifo sokujiya kwegazi noma esinye isimo esibucayi. Uma uphuma igazi njalo, bona udokotela.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Epistaxis, noma ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, kuyisimo sezokwelapha esivamile kodwa esicasulayo. Uma usufunde ukuthi ungayimisa kanjani ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ngokushesha, ungabuyela ngokushesha ekwenzeni lokho obukwenza ngaphambi kokuba kuqale. Amacala amaningi e-epistaxis awabi yingozi. Kodwa uma uphuma igazi ekhaleni njalo noma uma unesifo sokujiya kwegazi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.