Masiqaphele izinto ezimbi kakhulu ezingase zenzeke uma ushukumisa ingane yakho encane! (Shaken Baby Syndrome)?

Uma sinengane ekhaya, siba nenjabulo enkulu kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ingane ikhala njalo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi senze iphutha elincane ngenxa yokucindezeleka nentukuthelo efika engqondweni yethu singaqapheli. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kukhona into eyingozi okungafanele yenziwe nganoma yisiphi isizathu , kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokungazi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Shaken Baby Syndrome'. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, ngoba lokhu kuyinto okufanele wonke umama, ubaba, kanye nawo wonke umuntu onakekela ingane ayazi.

Iyini ngempela 'i-Shaken Baby Syndrome'?

Kalula nje, lokhu kubhekisela emonakalweni ongenzeka ebuchosheni lapho umntwana noma ingane encane inyakaziswa ngamandla . Cabanga ngakho, ikhanda lomntwana likhulu kancane futhi lisinda uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke. Imisipha yentamo yabo ayikaqini ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke uma othile enyakazisa umntwana kakhulu, ubuchopho bomntwana buyagxumagxuma ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Kufana namanzi anyakaziswa ngaphakathi kwekhukhunathi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala, ukuklwebheka, kanye nokopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singalimaza ngisho namehlo omntwana, intamo, kanye nomgogodla. Elinye igama lalokhu 'Ukuhlukumezeka Kwekhanda Okuhlukumezayo'. Kusho ukulimala okunobudlova ekhanda.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka emhlabeni?

Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoba umama womntwana, uyise, noma omunye umnakekeli uyacasuka noma uthukuthele lapho umntwana ekhala. Bangase bacabange ukuthi ukunyakazisa umntwana kuzomisa ukukhala. Ngezinye izikhathi, umnakekeli angase abe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Khona-ke akakwazi ukusingatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekela ingane. Abanye abantu abaqapheli nokuthi ukunyakazisa umntwana kuyingozi kangaka.

Kodwa into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi izingane zikhale. Ngezinye izikhathi zikhala njalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani. Kodwa-ke, ikhambi liwukuthi ungalokothi uthuthumele, ushaye, noma uphonse ingane. Ngisho nokuthuthumela ingane isikhathi esifushane, njengemizuzwana emi-5, kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kungabangela umonakalo wobuchopho, ukukhubazeka okungapheli, ngisho nokufa.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

Lesi 'sifo somntwana esinyakazayo' singenzeka kunoma ubani. Esikhathini esiningi, umntwana unyakaziswa ngumuntu onobuhlobo obuqondile nomntwana (umama, ubaba) noma othile onobuhlobo obungaqondile (umnakekeli wengane, elinye ilungu lomndeni). Akukhawulelwe kunoma yiluphi uhlanga, izinga lomholo, noma isizinda somndeni.

Izinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala zisengozini enkulu yalesi simo. Izinsana eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili neziyisishiyagalombili ubudala zisengozini enkulu. Nakuba lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala, ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezincane ezineminyaka eyi-6 ubudala ziye zahlukunyezwa ngalolu hlobo.

Ingabe lesi simo sivame kangakanani ngempela?

Ngokusho kweNational Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, amacala anjalo aphakathi kuka-600 no-1,400 abikwa minyaka yonke e-United States kuphela. Kuthiwa iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane phakathi kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 e-United States. Amacala anjalo abikwa naseSri Lanka, kodwa isikhathi esiningi awatholakali.

Cabanga nje, ukunyakazisa umntwana omncane kakhulu kungabangela ukopha okukhulu ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuyinto engabathinta impilo yabo yonke.

Lokhu kuyithinta kanjani ingane? Yimuphi umonakalo okungawubangela?

I-Shaken baby syndrome ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo enganeni. Ake sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani kakhulu.

Ukulimala kobuchopho

• I-subdural hematoma: Lena iqoqo legazi eliphakathi kobuso bobuchopho bomntwana kanye ne-membrane eqinile ebizwa ngokuthi i-dura ezungeze ubuchopho. Lapho umntwana eshukunyiswa, imithambo yegazi emincane egijima isuka ebuchosheni iye kule dura inganwebeka futhi iqhume, okubangela ukopha.
• Ukopha kwegazi okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukopha kwenzeka phakathi kobuchopho bomntwana kanye nolwelwesi olufana ne-spider-web (i-arachnoid) oluzungeze ubuchopho.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okuqondile: Lokhu kungenzeka uma ubuchopho bomntwana bushaywa kanzima ngaphakathi ekhanda.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho: Uma ingane iyeka ukuphefumula ngenkathi inyakaziswa, ubuchopho bungalahlekelwa umoya-mpilo futhi bulimale.
• Ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho: Amakhemikhali akhishwa emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa alimele, okunciphisa kakhulu inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela ebuchosheni futhi kungabangela ukuba amangqamuzana afe.

Ukulimala kwamehlo

• Ukopha kwe-retinal: Lokhu ukopha ngemuva kwe-retinal emehlweni engane. Lokhu kuwuphawu oluvamile lwe-shaking baby syndrome.

Ukulimala entanyeni, emgogodleni, nakwamanye amathambo

• Ukulimala kwentamo nomgogodla: Imizwa ebucayi entanyeni nasemgogodleni ingonakalisa.
• Ukuphuka: Ugebhezi, izimbambo, ithambo lentamo, ngisho namathambo ezingalo nemilenze angaphuka.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izimpawu zivele?

Izimpawu ze-'Shaken Baby Syndrome' ngemuva nje kokunyakazisa inganeIzimpawu zingaqala ukuvela. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ngemva kokuvezwa. Ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha, kodwa ezinye zingase zivele kamuva ekuphileni. Isibonelo, ingane evezwa kulolu hlobo lokushaqeka njengengane ingase ibe nezinkinga zokunaka kanye nokuziphatha njengoba ikhula.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zalokhu?

Uma umntwana elimele ngokunyakaziswa, angase abe nezimpawu ezisheshayo nezinzima njengokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuxhuzula, kanye nokushaqeka. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Akamomotheki, akakhulumi, akahlebezi.
• Ukungahlaliseki okukhulu, ukucasuka.
• Ukuhlanza .
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla , ubunzima bokuphuza ubisi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukozela, ukudinwa, kanye nobuthongo obungenakuvuswa.
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Imivimbo ezingalweni nasesifubeni.
• Ikhanda libonakala likhulu, ibunzi liphuma phambili.
• I-fontanelle , indawo ebucayi ekhanda, ivuvukele futhi ikhukhumele.
• Ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ikhanda.
• Abafundi ababanzi.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila amehlo endaweni eyodwa, ukungakwazi ukubuka noma yini ehambayo.
• Ukuthuthumela.
• Ukungazi lutho (coma).

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lesi simo singabi nandaba futhi singabi nandaba?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuxhashazwa noma ukulimala okuvela ngaphandle. Abanakekeli noma odokotela abangazi ukuthi ingane inyakaziswa bangase bangawuboni ngokushesha umonakalo owenzekile ngaphakathi. Bangase bacabange ukuthi imbangela yalezi zimpawu enganeni yinto ehlukile, njengomkhuhlane wegciwane. Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yini ngempela ebangela lokhu?

I-Shaken baby syndrome yenzeka lapho othile enyakazisa ingane noma ingane encane ngamandla nangokushesha . Ingenzeka futhi lapho ingane ishaywa ekhanda, iphonswa, noma iwiswa ngamabomu. Uma ingane inyakaziswa noma ishaywa, ubuchopho bayo bugxumagxuma ngokushesha ngaphakathi ekhanda.

Ubuchopho bezingane ezincane buthambile kakhulu. Imisipha yazo ibuthakathaka. Imisipha entanyeni yazo ayikakhuli ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhanda azo makhulu futhi asindayo uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imizimba yazo. Uma lokhu kushukunyiswa ngamandla, imithambo yegazi yengane, imizwa, nezicubu ziyadabuka. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ubuchopho buvuvuke, buqhumuke, futhi buphume igazi.

Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umntwana ekhala njalo futhi umnakekeli ecasukile futhi ethukuthele. Abakwazi ukulawula intukuthelo nokucindezeleka kwabo. Ezimweni eziningi, umnakekeli akalimazi umntwana ngamabomu, kodwa lokhu futhi kuyindlela embi yokuhlukumeza ingane.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe lokhu kwenzeka ngokubamba umntwana ngobumnene, umbambe edolweni lakho, bese umshukumisa?

Cha. I-Shaken baby syndrome iwuhlobo lokuhlukumeza ingane. Kwenzeka lapho umuntu enyakazisa ingane noma ingane encane ngobudlova nangokushesha . Akwenzeki ngenxa yalezi zinto:

• Ngokubamba umntwana edolweni lakho bese umshukumisa kancane.
• Ngokuphakamisa umntwana kancane bese umphinda umbambe (kodwa nalokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela).
• Ngokugibela ibhayisikili nomntwana (umntwana esihlalweni sokuphepha).
• Ingane iwela esihlalweni ngengozi (lokhu nakho kuyingozi, kodwa akubanga i-SBS).
• Lapho imoto ima ngokuzumayo ngenkathi ushayela, lapho udlula emigodini emgwaqweni.

Le misebenzi ayikhuthazwa ngoba ingaba yingozi, kodwa ayibangeli ukulimala okukhulu okubonakala ku-'shaken baby syndrome'. Into eyinhloko ukuthi i-SBS ibangelwa ukuthuthumela okunamandla, okusheshayo, nokungalawuleki.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

'I-Shaken Baby Syndrome' ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuyixilonga. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Odokotela abayazi njalo indaba ephelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulimala komntwana kuhlobene nokuthuthumela noma cha.
• Odokotela abakwazi ukutshela izinsana nezingane ezincane kakhulu ukuthi yini engalungile noma ukuthi kubuhlungu kuphi.
• Izimpawu eziningi ze-shaking baby syndrome (njengokungaphumuli, ukuhlanza, kanye nokozela) zingabonakala nakwezinye izimo zezokwelapha (njengokutheleleka ngegciwane ).

Ngakho-ke, udokotela usebenzisa izimpawu ezibonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa ukuze ahlole lesi simo futhi anqume ukuthi sibucayi kangakanani. Babheka igazi emehlweni engane, babheke noma yimaphi amabala ekhanda, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, futhi babheke imivimbo ezungeze intamo nesifuba.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lesi simo?

Odokotela bangase basebenzise izivivinyo ezithile ze-imaging ukuze baxilonge i-shaken baby syndrome. Lezi zivivinyo zingabonisa ukuthi ingane ivuvukele, iphuma igazi, noma iphukile yini ekhanda noma ezimbanjeni. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• Ama-X-ray
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scans)
• Izikena ze-MRI (i-Magnetic resonance imaging - izikena ze -MRI )

Udokotela wengane yakho angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ukuze ahlole ukopha e-retina (ukuvuza kwegazi e-retinal). Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kungenzeka ngaphezulu, ngaphansi, noma ngaphakathi kwe-retina. Ukulimala kungabangela ukuthi izingqimba ze-retina yengane yakho zihlukane (i-retinoschisis). Into efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous) nayo ingagcwala igazi.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-shaking baby syndrome, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu akuyona into ongayilapha ekhaya.

Ezimweni ezingatheni kangako, ingane ingadinga ukunikezwa imithi futhi igcinwe iqashwe esibhedlela.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa okusindisa impilo kungadingeka. Uma ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula, kungadingeka ukuthi kufakwe ipayipi lokuphefumula. Udokotela ohlinzayo kungadingeka enze ukuhlinzwa ukuze kumiswe ukopha ebuchosheni bengane noma kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala.

Singakuvimbela kanjani into eyingozi kangaka?

Abazali noma abanakekeli abanyakazisa izingane zabo bavame ukuthi kwenzeke lapho ingane ikhala kakhulu kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukuyeka. Kuvamile ukuthi izingane zikhale, futhi kungaba yinto ekhathazayo ngempela. Kodwa-ke, ungavimbela lesi 'sigubhu sengane esinyakazayo' ngokuqonda izingozi zokunyakazisa ingane yakho nokufuna usizo lapho kudingeka. Zama lezi zinto:

• Okokuqala, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi ingane ayizizwa kahle yini. Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi inabukeni lihlanzekile yini, ukuthi ilambile yini, ukuthi igodola yini. Hlola izimpawu zokugula ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuthi izwa ubuhlungu ngenxa yanoma yini.
• Uma zonke izidingo zengane yakho sezihlangatsheziwe, faka eminye imisindo. Faka umsakazo, cula ingoma, khuluma nengane yakho. Ezinye izingane zithanda imisindo yomshini wokuhlanza, umshini wokuwasha, umshini wokomisa izinwele, noma ifeni.
• Nika umntwana ithoyizi kanye ne-pacifier.
• Zama ukunikeza ubisi, futhi uma ungakwazi ukulunikeza ngebhodlela, lunikeze.
• Mthande umntwana, noma umshukumise kancane.
• Hamba nomntwana wakho nimgibele imoto isikhashana (umntwana esihlalweni semoto esiphephile).
• Faka umntwana esitulweni sengane bese uhambahamba.
• Faka umntwana ebhasikidini ngaphandle bese ugibela.
• Uma uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma uthukuthele, cela omunye umuntu (umngane, isihlobo, umakhelwane) ukuthi akusize unakekele ingane isikhashana. Akukho namahloni okucela usizo.
• Uma kungekho omunye umuntu eduze, beka umntwana ngokuphephile embhedeni wakhe bese uphuma ekamelweni isikhashana ukuze uzole. Khumbula, izingane ngeke zilimale uma zikhala, kodwa uma zinyakaziswa, zizolimala nakanjani.

Qiniseka ukuthi noma ubani onakekela ingane yakho (abanakekeli bezingane, abanakekeli, nabanye abanakekeli) uyazi ngezingozi zokunyakazisa ingane. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi bazi ukuthi benzeni nokuthi yini abangayenzi uma bezizwa becindezelekile ngenkathi benakekela ingane yakho. Hlola njalo isizinda sabanakekeli bakho ngokucophelela. Ungalokothi unikeze ingane yakho kumuntu ongamethembi ngokugcwele.

Iyini inhloso/isibikezelo kulesi simo?

I-Shaken baby syndrome iyisimo esibi kakhulu. Umbono uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukulimala komntwana kungakanani, kodwa ngokuvamile akukuhle kangako.

Cishe ama-25% ezinsana ayafa ngenxa yokulimala. Ngokuvamile, imbangela yokufa yile:

• Ukuvuvukala kanye nokwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda kanye nobuchopho bomntwana.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi ebuchosheni bomntwana.
• Ukudabuka kwezicubu zobuchopho bomntwana.

Abantu abasindile abangafika ku-80% bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha, ukulimala okukhulu kwezinzwa, kanye nokukhubazeka impilo yonke . Ngisho nezinsana ezibonakala zingalimele kangako yi-shaking baby syndrome zingaba nezinkinga zokukhula kamuva ekuphileni. Ezinye zezimo ezingabangelwa yilesi simo zifaka:

• Ukukhuluma nokubambezeleka kwentuthuko.
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono noma ubumpumputhe.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela.
• Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho.
• Isifo sokuwa.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukukhubazeka.

I-Shaken baby syndrome uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuxhashazwa ngokomzimba kwengane okwenzeka lapho umzali noma umnakekeli enyakazisa umntwana noma ingane ngobudlova. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ingane ingayeki ukukhala, okubangela ukuba umnakekeli athukuthele futhi acasuke. Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Uma ingane yakho ingayeki ukukhala, zama amanye amathiphu angenhla, noma ucele usizo kumnakekeli othembekile.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwukhumbule

Ingane encane ingumuntu obuthakathaka kakhulu. Umzimba wayo, ikakhulukazi ikhanda nentamo yayo, udinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ungalokothi, ungalokothi unikine ingane encane nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthukuthele noma ukhathele kangakanani. Lokho okwenzayo kuleyo mizuzwana embalwa kungonakalisa impilo yonke yengane.

Uma uzizwa sengathi ingcindezi yokunakekela ingane yakho inzima kakhulu, ungabi namahloni ucele usizo. Kungumthwalo wakho. Ukuphepha kwengane yakho kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yini enye. Yazisa abanye ngalokhu. Khona-ke singanciphisa izehlakalo ezinjalo ezidabukisayo.