Ake sifunde konke ngendlebe yakho. (Indlebe) - Yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ekuzweni nasekulinganiseleni kwethu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi izindlebe zethu zisebenza kahle kangakanani? Azizona nje izitho ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda lethu, futhi ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu esisiza ukuzwa nokugcina ibhalansi yethu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba ukugcina izindlebe zethu ziphilile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yendlebe? Uzomangala!

Izindlebe zethu zinemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko: ukuzwa nokugcina ibhalansi . Zombili lezi zinto zibalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, akunjalo?

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuzwa?

Kalula nje, nakhu okwenzekayo:

1. Amaza omsindo angena endlebeni yakho yangaphandle, adlule emgudwini wendlebe, bese eshaya i-eardrum (ulwelwesi lwe-tympanic) . I-eardrum bese idlidliza.

2. Lokhu kudlidliza kudluliselwa emathanjeni amathathu amancane kakhulu endlebeni ephakathi - esiwabiza nangokuthi ama-ossicles . Lawa mathambo amathathu akhulisa umsindo kancane bese ewuthumela endlebeni engaphakathi.

3. Endlebeni engaphakathi, kunezinhlayiya ezincane ezifana nezinwele ezibamba ukudlidliza komsindo. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi i-stereocilia . Lawa maseli aguqula ukudlidliza komsindo kube yizimpawu zikagesi.

4. Ekugcineni, lezi zimpawu zikagesi zihamba ngemicu yezinzwa ziye ebuchosheni bakho, lapho zihunyushwa khona njengomsindo. Akumangalisi yini?

Indlebe isiza kanjani ukugcina ibhalansi?

Ubucabanga ukuthi izindlebe zisisiza ukuzwa kuphela? Cha, izindlebe nazo zidlala indima enkulu ekugcineni ibhalansi yemizimba yethu.

Indlebe yakho yangaphakathi inengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi imisele eyindilinga . Ngaphakathi kwalezi kunezinzwa ezimanzi nezifana nezinwele ezincane kakhulu. Uma uhambisa ikhanda lakho, ubheka phezulu noma phansi, uketshezi olungaphakathi kwale misele luya kuleyo ndlela. Bese izinzwa ezincane ezifana nezinwele ziyagoba ziphendula kulowo mnyakazo.

Lolu lwazi, okungukuthi, ulwazi mayelana nendawo yekhanda lakho, luhamba ngemithambo ye-vestibular luye ebuchosheni. Ubuchopho bube sebuthumela izimpawu emisipheni yakho, bukusiza ukuthi uhlale ulinganisele futhi ungawi. Cabanga ukuthi lokhu kubaluleke kangakanani uma uhamba, ugijima, noma udansa!

Uyazi kahle ukuthi izindlebe zakho zikuphi?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayaziyo. Izindlebe zakho zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zekhanda lakho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, zitholakala ngaphezu kwengxenye yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-temporal lobe . Le ngxenye yobuchopho inesibopho sokuzwa, ukukhuluma, inkumbulo, kanye neminye imizwa.

Yiziphi izingxenye zendlebe? Ingabe kufanele siyihlukanise izingcezu ngezingcezu?

Indlebe ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, njengamakamelo endlu.

1. Indlebe yangaphandle `(indlebe yangaphandle / indlebe yangaphandle)`

2. Indlebe ephakathi

3. Indlebe yangaphakathi

I-eardrum yakho (ulwelwesi lwe-tympanic) ihlukanisa indlebe yangaphandle nendlebe ephakathi.

Indlebe Yangaphandle – Indlebe esiyibonayo!

Indlebe yangaphandle yingxenye yendlebe ongayibona ngaphandle. Yilokhu esivame ukukusho uma sithi "indlebe". Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-auricle.I-pinna ibizwa nangokuthi i-eardrum . Yenziwe nge-cartilage (njengethambo eliguquguqukayo) kanye nesikhumba. Iphinde iqukethe izindlala ezikhipha i-earwax, noma i-earwax . I-earwax iyinto evikelayo egcina ukungcola kanye nemfucumfucu ngaphandle. Indlebe yangaphandle ixhunywe emgudwini wendlebe, okuyindlela efana ne-funnel eholela e-eardrum.

Indlebe Ephakathi – Lapho amathambo amancane ekhona!

Indlebe ephakathi iqala ngale nje kwe-eardrum yakho (i-tympanic membrane). Ifana negumbi elincane eligcwele umoya. Kunamathambo amathathu amancane kakhulu lapha - i-malleus , i-incus, kanye ne-stapes. Lawa amathambo amancane kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu! Odokotela babiza la mathambo amathathu ndawonye ngokuthi ama-ossicles . Lawa mathambo axhumene njengeketanga futhi athwala ukudlidliza komsindo kusuka ku-eardrum kuya endlebeni yangaphakathi.

Futhi, indlebe yakho ephakathi inento ebizwa ngokuthi ama-Eustachian tubes . Lawa ma-tubes axhumanisa indlebe yakho ephakathi nengemuva lomphimbo wakho. Uma uvuka, ukhwehlela, noma ugwinya, lawa ma-tubes ayavuleka futhi avale ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi yomoya engaphakathi kwendlebe yakho nengcindezi engaphandle. Uma ukhuphuka intaba noma undiza ngendiza, kungenxa yalo mehluko wengcindezi ukuthi izindlebe zakho zizizwa zixinene. Ngakho-ke uma uvuka noma ugwinya okuthile, kuhamba kahle, akunjalo? Lokho kungenxa yala ma-tubes e-Eustachian.

Indlebe Yangaphakathi – Ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu!

Indlebe yangaphakathi iyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi nebucayi kakhulu yendlebe. Kunezakhiwo ezimbili eziyinhloko lapha:

• I-Cochlea: Lesi yisitho esiyinhloko sokuzwa. Simise okwegobolondo lomnenke. Ngaphakathi kunamakamelo amabili agcwele uketshezi, ngalinye linamaseli amancane ezinwele ayizinkulungwane (i-stereocilia okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni). Uma umsindo ungena, uketshezi oluku-cochlea luyavevezela, okubangela ukuthi la maseli amancane ezinwele avevezele. Lokhu kudala imizwelo kagesi eya ebuchosheni.
• Imisele emincane: Sesikhulume ngayo ngaphambili. Lezi zibangela ibhalansi. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-labyrinthine . Njengoba le misele emithathu iqonde komunye nomunye, iyakwazi ukuzwa lapho ikhanda lakho lihamba liye kunoma iyiphi indlela.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezivamile ezithinta izindlebe? Masiqaphele!

Izindlebe zethu zingahlushwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene, izifo kanye nezinkinga. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo.

Ukutheleleka kwendlebe (Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi / i-Otitis media)

Ukutheleleka kwendlebe, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media), kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Kodwa kungathinta nabantu abadala. Kwenzeka lapho amagciwane noma amagciwane ehamba ngethubhu le-Eustachian aye endlebeni ephakathi, okubangela ukuvaleka. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu bendlebe, umkhuhlane, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane.Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: Ama-antibiotic avame ukunikezwa njengokwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima neziqhubekayo, kungadingeka ukuthi kufakwe ithubhu elincane ('amathubhu ezindlebe') endlebeni.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwepayipi le-Eustachian

Lesi simo senzeka lapho amapayipi e-Eustachian esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili engasebenzi kahle, okusho ukuthi avame ukuvaleka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwepayipi le-Eustachian . Ingcindezi engaphakathi kwendlebe ayilawulwa kahle. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi i-tinnitus (umsindo wokukhala), ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, umuzwa wokugcwala endlebeni, kanye nobuhlungu bendlebe ngezinye izikhathi . Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokungezwani komzimba.

Indlebe yokubhukuda (i-Otitis externa)

Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "indlebe yokubhukuda" ngoba kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu ababhukuda emanzini. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-otitis externa . Lokhu ukutheleleka kwesikhumba somsele wangaphandle wendlebe. Kungabangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta. Lesi simo singavela uma amanzi engena endlebeni futhi engakhishwa kahle. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu bendlebe, ukulunywa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uketshezi oluphuma endlebeni . Kungavela futhi uma izinto ezifana ne-hair spray zingena emseleni wendlebe, noma uma umsele wendlebe ulimele yi-cotton swabs.

Okubalulekile: Uma uhlanza izindlebe zakho, ungalokothi ufake ama-cotton swabs noma ezinye izinto ezibukhali emgudwini wendlebe. Ukwenza kanjalo kungalimaza i-eardrum futhi kubangele izifo ezinjengalezi.

I-eardrum ephukile

Uma i-eardrum yakho (ulwelwesi lwe-tympanic) lubhoboka, lubizwa ngokuthi i-eardrum ephukile. Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi, ukushaywa endlebeni, imisindo emikhulu (njengokuqhuma okukhulu), noma izinto zangaphandle ezinamathele endlebeni kungabangela ukuba i-eardrum iqhume. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu bendlebe obungazelelwe, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, futhi mhlawumbe ukopha okuthile endlebeni . Esikhathini esiningi, i-eardrum ephukile izophola ngokwayo phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela kungadingeka benze inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-tympanoplasty ukuze bayilungise.

I-Otosclerosis

I-Otosclerosis ukukhula okungavamile kwethambo elizungeze amathambo amancane (ama-ossicles) endlebeni yakho ephakathi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amathambo angadlidlizi kahle. Lokhu kuvimbela umsindo ukuthi ungafinyeleli kahle endlebeni yangaphakathi, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungaqala. Ngokuvamile kuthinta abantu abasebasha, futhi kungadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kungelashwa ngenqubo yokuhlinzwa (i-stapedectomy).

I-Perichondritis

I-PerichondritisKuwukutheleleka kwezicubu ezizungeze i-cartilage endlebeni yakho yangaphandle (i-auricle). Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokubhoboza indlebe, ukulimala kwezemidlalo, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, noma ukuhlinzwa kwendlebe. Indlebe iba bomvu, ivuvuke, futhi ibe buhlungu . Lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngama-antibiotic. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-cartilage ingonakala.

I-neuritis ye-Vestibular

I-Vestibular neuritis ukuvuvukala komthambo we-vestibular endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi, okusiza ngokulinganisela. Kungenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane. Abantu abanalesi simo baba nesiyezi esiphuthumayo nesinzima (vertigo), esingase sihambisane nesicanucanu nokuhlanza . Ukuzwa ngokuvamile akuthinteki. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba.

Isifo sikaMeniere

Lesi yisimo esingamahlalakhona, noma esiqhubekayo, esithinta indlebe yangaphakathi. Isifo sikaMeniere kucatshangwa ukuthi sibangelwa ukwanda komfutho woketshezi endlebeni yangaphakathi. Izimpawu ziyafika zidlule. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yi-vertigo (umuzwa wokujikeleza), ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa (ikakhulukazi imisindo ephansi), kanye nomuzwa wokugcwala endlebeni . Esikhathini esiningi, kuba ngcono ngokwako ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabanye abantu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.

Ukulimala kwendlebe

Ukulimala kwendlebe kungabangelwa ukusikeka, ukwaphuka, kanye nokulimala okunamandla okubuthuntu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokulwa noma izingozi. Uma umonakalo umkhulu, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzwa noma ukuhlinzwa kobuhle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwendlebe.

Izimila zendlebe

Izimila zendlebe zingaba ezingezona ezomdlavuza (ezingembi) noma ezibangela umdlavuza (eziyingozi).

• Ukukhula okungenawo umdlavuza: Ama-Keloid (amaqhubu abanye abantu abawatholayo lapho bebhoboza izindlebe), amaqhubu e-sebaceous, ama-osteoma, kanye nama-exostoses (ukukhula kwamathambo endlebeni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abavame ukuchitha isikhathi emanzini abandayo). Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Umdlavuza: Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ezingathinta indlebe yi-melanoma, i-basal cell carcinoma, kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma . Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, nokuthi ngabe ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo zendlebe? Qaphela lezi!

Kunezimpawu eziningana ezingabonisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle endlebeni yakho. Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela.

• Ubuhlungu bendlebe.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi unesifo sendlebe (umkhuhlane, ukubomvu kwendlebe).
• Ukuminyana kwendlebe, ukuzizwa ugcwele.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukukhala ezindlebeni.
• Izindlebe ezilumayo (uma ziklwejwa njalo).
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza (ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nesiyezi).
• Uketshezi, ubomvu, noma ukuphuma kwegazi endlebeni.
• Ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus).

Yiziphi izivivinyo odokotela abazisebenzisayo ukuhlola izindlebe zakho?

Uma uya kudokotela ngenxa yenkinga yendlebe, bazosebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuhlola izindlebe zakho. Ezinye izivivinyo zokuzwa ezivamile yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwethoni emsulwa: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okulula kakhulu. Ufakwa kuma-headphone bese ucelwa ukuthi uphakamise isandla sakho noma ucindezele inkinobho uma uzwa uchungechunge lwemisindo ethambile. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi anqume iphimbo eliphansi kakhulu ongalizwa ngamandla namaza ahlukene.
• Ukuhlolwa kwendlebe ephakathi: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola ukuthi i-eardrum yakho ihamba kahle kangakanani, ukuthi ingcindezi injani endlebeni yakho ephakathi, nokuthi i-eardrum yakho iqhumile yini. I-Tympanometry ingenye yezivivinyo ezinjalo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkulumo: Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase unikezwe ukuhlolwa kwenkulumo ukuze ubone ukuthi uzwa kahle kangakanani amagama nokuthi ungawaqonda kahle yini futhi uwaphinde.
• Impendulo yesimiso sobuchopho sokuzwa (ABR): Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela wakho uzobeka ama-electrode amancane ekhanda lakho nangemuva kwezindlebe zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazodlala imisindo ehlukene ngama-headphone bese bebona ukuthi inzwa yakho yokuzwa kanye nesimiso sobuchopho zisabela kanjani kuleyo misindo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezincane noma kubantu abanenkinga yokuhlolwa kokuzwa okuvamile.
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Otoacoustic (OAEs): Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinwele endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi, i-cochlea, asebenza kahle kangakanani. Uma umsindo ungena endlebeni yangaphakathi, umsindo omncane kakhulu ukhishwa ku-cochlea enempilo (ebizwa ngokuthi i-otoacoustic emission, noma i-OAE). Lo msindo ulinganiswa ngokubeka imakrofoni encane endlebeni yakho. Uma unenkinga enkulu yokuzwa, lawa ma-OAE ngeke akhiqizwe. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuzwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa.

Ngingazigcina kanjani izindlebe zami ziphilile? Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe!

Landela lawa macebiso alula ukuze ugcine izindlebe zakho ziphilile impilo yakho yonke:

• Gcina izindlebe zakho zomile: Uma ugeza noma ubhukuda, zama ukunciphisa inani lamanzi angena ezindlebeni zakho. Uma ungena amanzi, sebenzisa ama-ear plug. Uma amanzi engena, thambekisa ikhanda lakho eceleni ukuze ulikhiphe.
• Ungasebenzisi ama-cotton swabs ukuhlanza umsele wendlebe yakho! Leli yiphutha elenziwa abantu abaningi. Ama-cotton swabs angacindezela i-wax kakhulu futhi alimaze i-eardrum. Indlebe izozihlanza yona. Uma kune-wax eningi kakhulu, tshela udokotela.
• Gqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela: Gqoka isivikelo njengesigqoko sokuzivikela uma udlala imidlalo yokuthintana noma wenza umsebenzi ongalimaza izindlebe zakho.
• Lalela ngevolumu ephansi: Uma ulalele umculo noma ubukela ama-movie ngama-headphone noma ama-earphone, ungakhuphuli ivolumu phezulu kakhulu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emsindweni omkhulu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela.
• Zivikele emisindweni emikhulu: Uma usezindaweni ezinomsindo omkhulu, njengasefektri noma ekhonsathini yomculo, gqoka ama-earplug noma ezinye izinto zokuzivikela.
• Hlola izindlebe zakho njalo ngudokotela: Hlola izindlebe zakho ngudokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezindlebeni zakho.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi izindlebe zethu azisiwo nje umzimba. Zibalulekile ekuzweni nasekulondolozeni ibhalansi emzimbeni. Zifana nemishini emincane neyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukunakekela izindlebe zakho kahle nokuqinisekisa ukuthi azonakaliswa.

Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bendlebe, ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma isiyezi, ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Angahlonza imbangela yenkinga yakho futhi akunikeze ukwelashwa okufanele. Khumbula, izindlebe zakho zibaluleke kakhulu kuwe! Zinakekele.