Ubani isazi sezinzwa? Ake sithole!

Cishe uke wezwa udokotela wakho ethi udinga ukubona 'isazi se-neurophysiology'. Noma mhlawumbe uke wezwa igama futhi wazibuza, "O, hlobo luni lodokotela lowo?" Empeleni, nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengegama eliyinkimbinkimbi, laba bantu badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungubani ngempela isazi se-neurophysiology nokuthi bangayisiza kanjani impilo yakho.

Ngubani isazi sezinzwa? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, isazi sezinzwa singumhlinzeki wezempilo ogxile ekusebenzeni kwesimiso sakho sezinzwa, ikakhulukazi umsebenzi waso kagesi. Lokho kusho ukuthi bahlola ukuze babone ukuthi ubuchopho bakho, umgogodla (intambo yezinzwa engaphakathi komgogodla wakho), kanye neminye imizwa isebenza kahle yini. Bangenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukusiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezingase zihlobane nesimiso sezinzwa.

Cabanga ngakho, imizimba yethu ifana nomshini oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isikhungo sokulawula salo mshini yisimiso sezinzwa . Konke okucabangayo, konke okuzwayo, konke okwenzayo - kusukela ekuphakamiseni isandla sakho kuya ekushayeni kwenhliziyo yakho - kulawulwa yilesi simiso sezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, isazi sezinzwa siyasisiza sibone ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga ngalesi simiso nokuthi sisebenza kanjani.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesazi sezinzwa kanye nesazi sezinzwa?

Lokhu kuyinto edida abantu abaningi. Isazi sezinzwa singuchwepheshe emkhakheni we -neurology .

Cabanga ngale ndlela, udokotela wezinzwa ungudokotela oqeqeshwe kakhulu kukho konke okuhlobene nohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa - isakhiwo salo esijwayelekile, umsebenzi, kanye nezimo eziluthintayo. Yibo abavame ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo zezinzwa.

Isazi sezinzwa singudokotela wezinzwa ogxile *emsebenzini* wesimiso sezinzwa, okungukuthi, indlela esisebenza ngayo. Benza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuze balinganise lowo msebenzi futhi bahlaziye imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isazi se-neurophysiology asivamile ukuncoma ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-neurological. Lokho kwenziwa yisazi se-neurophysiology . Kodwa-ke, isazi se-neurophysiology singaba usizo kakhulu ekutholeni ukuthi siyini ngempela lesi sifo, ngamanye amazwi, ekunikezeni ukuxilongwa okunembile .

Yini ngempela eyenziwa yisazi sezinzwa?

Udokotela wezinzwa uhlola futhi ahlole izimo ezithinta ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho sezinzwa. Ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuze baqophe umsebenzi kagesi wesimiso sakho sezinzwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zochwepheshe be-neurophysiology:

1. Odokotela Bezinzwa Abahlinzayo

2. Ochwepheshe Bezinzwa Zemitholampilo

Izindima zabo bobabili zihlukile kancane. Abanye ochwepheshe be-neurophysiology nabo basebenza ngokucwaninga kakhulu.

Odokotela Bezinzwa Abahlinzayo

Njengoba igama lisho, laba bantu bayingxenye yeqembu lokuhlinzwa. Basebenzisana kakhulu nodokotela abahlinzayo njengodokotela ababulala izinzwa kanye nodokotela abahlinza izinzwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, lo dokotela wezinzwa uhlola futhi aqaphe uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. Kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo, lokhu kuqapha kungasiza odokotela abahlinzayo ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu njengokukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma isifo sohlangothi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqapha kwe-intraoperative neurophysiology (IONM) .

Ezinye zezindlela laba bantu abavame ukuhlinzwa ngazo yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa komgogodla.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kobuchopho.
• Ezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa kwendlebe, impumulo nomphimbo (izinqubo ze-ENT).
• Ukuhlinzwa kwemizwa engaphandle.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwemithambo yegazi, njenge-Carotid Endarterectomies kanye ne-Thoracic-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (TAAA).

Lezi ezinye zezinhlelo zokuhlola nokuqapha abazisebenzisayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa:

• `I-SSEP (Ama-Somatosensory Evoked Potentials)`: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza isikhuthazo esincane sikagesi emthanjeni oseceleni engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho. Bese kulinganisa ukuthi ubuchopho bakho, uhlelo lwezinzwa, noma umgogodla wakho usabela kanjani kuwo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni umgogodla, kwezinye izihlinzeko zobuchopho kanye nezinzwa eziseceleni.
• `TCeMEP (Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials)`: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kukagesi ku-`Motor Cortex` yobuchopho bakho nokurekhoda indlela umgogodla wakho noma imisipha emilenzeni yakho esabela ngayo kuwo. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa nasekuhlinzeni umgogodla.
• "I-BSEP (Amathuba Okuzwa Kwe-Brainstem Avuselelwe)":Lokhu kuhilela ukulalela umsindo, ngokuvamile "ngokuchofoza" kuma-earphone, nokubuka ukuthi i-brainstem yakho isabela kanjani kuwo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-brainstem nokugcina ukuzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izimila ezifana ne-acoustic neuromas kanye nezimila ze-brainstem.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Lokhu kurekhoda umsebenzi kagesi wemvelo wobuchopho. Kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umonakalo obangelwa ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni (ischemia) ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufana ne-Carotid Endarterectomies kanye ne-Aneurysm clippings, kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kanye "nempilo" ye-cerebral cortex.

Ochwepheshe Bezinzwa Zemitholampilo

Laba bantu basebenzisana eduze nodokotela bezinzwa kanye nodokotela abahlinza izinzwa. Bahlola ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho sezinzwa futhi baxilonge izimo zezinzwa kanye nemisipha. Kuye ngesimo sakho, lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa esibhedlela noma ngesikhathi usesibhedlela.

Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ochwepheshe be-neurophysiology yezokwelapha:

• I-EMG (i-Electromyography): Lokhu kuhlola impilo kanye nokusebenza kwemisipha yakho yamathambo kanye nezinzwa ezilawulayo. Kungasiza ekuxilongeni izifo eziningana, okuhlanganisa i-Peripheral Neuropathy, i-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, i-Muscular Dystrophy, kanye ne-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
• Ucwaningo Lokuqhutshwa Kwezinzwa (NCS): Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi izinzwa zakho zangaphandle zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Kunganquma ukuthi inzwa yangaphandle yonakele yini nokuthi isakazeke kangakanani. Ngokuvamile, kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-EMG kanye ne-NCS kwenziwa ndawonye.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Lokhu kuhilela ukunamathisela ama-electrode amancane ekhanda lakho bese uqopha umsebenzi kagesi ovela ku-cortex yobuchopho. Isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izimo ezifana nokuquleka kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwamandla Okuvusa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla wakho ngokuphendula ekushukumiseni. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi izimpawu zemizwa zihamba ngokushesha nangokuphelele kangakanani ziye ebuchosheni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi, njenge-Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER), i-Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), kanye ne-Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP).
• Ucwaningo Lokulala / I-Polysomnography:Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuqopha njalo ukuthi izinhlelo zomzimba wakho ezahlukene (njengenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho) zisebenza kanjani ngenkathi ulele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izinkinga zokulala.

Ingabe isazi sezinzwa siya esikoleni sezokwelapha?

Yebo, impela! Udokotela wezifo zengqondo ungudokotela. Baya esikoleni sezokwelapha ukuze bathole lobu buchwepheshe.

Umuntu uba kanjani isazi sezinzwa?

Ukuze ube yisazi sezinzwa zezokwelapha, umuntu kumele aqedele lezi zinyathelo zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa:

• Kumelwe uqale uqedele imfundo yangaphambi kokwelashwa yeminyaka emine ekolishi noma eyunivesithi bese uthola i-Bachelor's Degree.
• Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukufunda iminyaka emine esikoleni sezokwelapha bese uthola iziqu ze-"Doctor of Medicine - MD" noma ze-"Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - DO".
• Udinga ukuqedela i- internship yonyaka owodwa kwezokwelapha ezijwayelekile.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kuye ngohlelo, kufanele uqedele ukuhlala ohlelweni lwe-neurology , olungahlala iminyaka emine.

Abanye abantu, ngemva kwalokhu kuhlala, baya ezinhlelweni zobudlelwano ukuze bathole ulwazi olujulile endaweni ethile ye-neurophysiology. Isibonelo, bangakwazi ukugxila ezindaweni ezifana nesifo sokuwa, izifo ze-neuromuscular, kanye nezinkinga zokulala.

Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela esola ukuthi unesifo sezinzwa, noma uma usuvele utholakale unaso, udokotela wezinzwa angaba yilungu leqembu lakho lezempilo. Bangochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo, futhi banolwazi oluhle ngezivivinyo zakamuva ezingahlola ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho sezinzwa. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza imibuzo kadokotela wezinzwa. Bakhona ukukusiza.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sibheke ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Udokotela wezinzwa unguchwepheshe ohlola indlela uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, oluhlanganisa ubuchopho bakho, umgogodla, kanye nemizwa, olusebenza ngayo. Benza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukusiza ekuxilongeni izifo.
• Udokotela wezinzwa ngokuvamile nguyena ohlinzeka ngokwelashwa, kodwa udokotela wezinzwa unegalelo elikhulu ekuxilongeni lesi sifo ngokunembile.
• Laba bantu basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ezikhethekile (isib. `EEG`, `EMG`, `NCS`, `Evoked Potentials`) ukuvikela isimiso sezinzwa ekulimaleni ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kanye nokuxilonga izifo zezinzwa ngokwezokwelapha.
• Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wezinzwa, kusho ukuthi ufuna ukuhlola ngokujulile ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho sezinzwa.Ungesabi, kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa okungcono.
• Zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo, kungaba mayelana nokuhlolwa kwakho noma isimo sakho. Unelungelo lokwazi konke ngokucacile.

Ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda kangcono ukuthi ungubani udokotela wezinzwa nokuthi benzani. Uma uneminye imibuzo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

I- Neurophysiology, Isazi Sezinzwa, Uhlelo Lwezinzwa, Ukuhlolwa Kobuchopho, Ukuxilongwa Kwezinzwa, I-EEG, I-EMG, Ukuqapha Ukuhlinzwa