Ososayensi baxosha amagciwane! Ungubani lo sosayensi wegciwane? Ake sithole imininingwane!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubani ocwaninga la magciwane abangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nomhlaba wonke, njenge -coronavirus ? Ngubani ocwaninga ukuthi la magciwane adalwa kanjani, asakazeka kanjani, ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze uzivikele kuwo, nokuthi ungayithola kanjani ikhambi? Odokotela bama-virus ngabantu abenza inkonzo ewusizo kangaka. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi ungubani udokotela we-virologist, ukuthi benzani, nokuthi umuntu angaba kanjani udokotela we-virologist.

Ubani udokotela wezifo? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, isazi se-virologist ngumuntu ofunda amagciwane ngokujulile futhi onolwazi oluningi ngawo. Kufana nomseshi, kodwa isihloko sawo amagciwane. Lezi zinto eziphilayo ezincane, ezingabonakali ezibizwa ngokuthi amagciwane zingathelela abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwane, izitshalo, namagciwane . Ngakho-ke, laba bantu bafunda ukuthi la magciwane asakazeka kanjani ( azalana kanjani ), ukuthi athelela kanjani umuntu (okungukuthi umuntu, isilwane), ukuthi asakazeka kanjani esuka kwenye indawo eya kwenye, noma ukuthi angavinjelwa futhi elashwe kanjani la magciwane.

Laba bantu ngezinye izikhathi bangaba abacwaningi bezokwelapha, mhlawumbe oprofesa abafundisa emanyuvesi, noma odokotela abelapha iziguli. Isiqu esithi “udokotela wezifo” singahlanganisa imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene.

Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-virologist?

Khumbula, isazi segciwane akuyena nje umuntu owenza uhlobo olulodwa lomsebenzi. Kunezinto eziningi angazenza. Ake sibheke ukuthi benzani:

• Ukusebenza ezibhedlela: Abanye odokotela begciwane basebenza emalabhorethri ezibhedlela. Bahlola amasampula (igazi, isikhwehlela, njll.) athathwe ezigulini ukuze bathole ukuthi hlobo luni lwegciwane olukhona. Bese bencoma ukwelashwa.
• Ukwelapha iziguli nokwenza ucwaningo njengodokotela: Abanye abantu baphatha iziguli ngqo njengodokotela. Baxilonga futhi baphathe izifo ezithelelanayo ikakhulukazi. Baphinde baphathe izifo ezingamahlalakhona (zesikhathi eside) njenge -HIV noma i-Hepatitis.Umsebenzi wabo ukuphatha iziguli ezikhona. Abanye benza nocwaningo lwezokwelapha.
• Ukusebenza njengodokotela-usosayensi: Lona umuntu, ngenkathi elapha iziguli njengodokotela, kodwa futhi uchitha isikhathi ocwaningweni. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu!
• Ucwaningo Oluyisisekelo: Lokhu kufana nokubeka isisekelo. Abanye ososayensi bama-virologist basebenza ezikhungweni zocwaningo noma emanyuvesi futhi bafunda ngokujulile ukuthi igciwane elithile liziphatha kanjani, lizala kanjani, lithelela kanjani abantu, izilwane, izitshalo, namagciwane, nokuthi lisakazeka kanjani. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi “ucwaningo lwebhentshi.”
• Ucwaningo Lokuhumusha Noma Olusetshenziswayo: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa okutholakele ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo ukuthola izixazululo zenkinga ethile . Isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa imithi yokugoma emisha noma imithi yokulwa namagciwane. Lokhu kungenziwa ezikhungweni zemfundo kanye nasezinhlanganweni ezizimele njengezinkampani zemithi.
• Ukusebenza Ezinhlanganweni Zezempilo Zomphakathi: Abanye ochwepheshe bama-virologist basebenzela izinhlangano zikahulumeni noma zomhlaba wonke zezempilo zomphakathi (njenge-World Health Organization). Benza ucwaningo, bathole izifo ezintsha eziwumshayabhuqe njengoba zenzeka, bafunde amagciwane avelayo, futhi beluleke ngendlela yokulawula ukusabalala kwamagciwane.

Cabanga nje ngokuthi laba dokotela bama-virologist benze umsebenzi ongakanani ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-coronavirus! Benze imizamo emikhulu yokuhlonza igciwane, ukuqonda ukuthi lisakazeka kanjani, kanye nokuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izindlela eziningi zochwepheshe be-virologist, njengobuntatheli bezokwelapha, ukubhala izibonelelo, kanye nokubonisana.

Yiziphi ezinye iziqu zemisebenzi abanazo odokotela be-virologist?

Akubona bonke ochwepheshe bama-virus abanesikhundla somsebenzi esithi “virologist.” Bangase babe nezinye iziqu, njenge:

• Uchwepheshe webhubhu noma ocwaningweni
• Usosayensi wezelabhorethri, ocwaningayo noma osebenzayo
• Umuntu/umcwaningi we-postdoctoral
• Umqondisi Welebhu (umqondisi Welebhu)
• Umphenyi Oyinhloko (PI)
• Uprofesa
• Umqondisi wohlelo
• Uchwepheshe Wezifo Ezithelelanayo
• Udokotela Wezifo Zomzimba
• Isazi sezifo (uchwepheshe ohlola izicubu namaseli ukuze axilonge izifo)

Ingabe kufanele uye esikoleni sezokwelapha ukuze ube udokotela wezifo ezingamagciwane?

Iningi lodokotela be-virologist lineziqu zezokwelapha (MD) noma zobudokotela (PhD). Abanye bangaba nazo zombili. I-MD iyiziqu ezivela esikoleni sezokwelapha. I-PhD iyiziqu ezithuthukisiwe ezigxile ocwaningweni emkhakheni othile.

Kodwa-ke, nakuba abantu abaningi beya esikoleni sezokwelapha, akudingeki ukuthi kube yisikole sezokwelapha, kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukwenzani kulo mkhakha. I-PhD ikunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga. Iziqu zezokwelapha zikunikeza ulwazi lokusebenza neziguli kanye nokugxila ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni izifo. Ngakho-ke, kuncike kakhulu ezithakazelweni zakho kanye nemigomo yakho.

Ngakho-ke uba kanjani udokotela wezifo zamagciwane? Iyini indlela?

Okudingayo ukuze ufunde ukuze ube yi-virologist kuncike kulokho ofuna ukukwenza emsebenzini wakho. Indawo enhle yokuqala yiziqu ze-bachelor emkhakheni ohlobene nesayensi. Isibonelo, esifundweni esifana ne-Biology, i-Chemistry, noma i-Medical Laboratory Science. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaphishekela iziqu eziphakeme kuye ngemigomo yakho.

Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo:

• Uma ufuna ukuya ocwaningweni: Ungadinga i-PhD ku-virology noma emkhakheni ohlobene, noma i-Master's degree kwisayensi (MS). Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhundla zelebhu, i-bachelor's degree yanele. Ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, i-medical degree (MD) iyasiza, kodwa ayidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwamanye amazwe, kungadingeka futhi uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwelayisensi kahulumeni ukuze usebenze elabhorethri yezokwelapha.
• Uma ufuna ukuba yinhloko yelabhorethri yocwaningo noma wenze olwakho ucwaningo: Cishe uzodinga "i-PhD." Abanye abaqondisi belabhorethri bangase babe neziqu zobudokotela esikhundleni se-"PhD." noma ngaphezu kwalokho.
• Uma ufuna ukwelapha iziguli ngqo: Kuzodingeka uqedele ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kusho ukuya esikoleni sezokwelapha, uqedele isitifiketi sokuhlala, bese cishe uqedela ubudokotela endaweni ekhethekile, njengezifo ezithelelanayo noma i-immunology.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukucwaninga ngemisebenzi oyithandayo bese uthola ukuthi yiziphi iziqu zemfundo ezidingekayo kuyo. Ngaleyo ndlela, uzoba nesiqondiso esicacile.

Lolu hambo luthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya esikoleni sezokwelapha noma wenza i-"PhD", ungalindela ukuchitha iminyaka eyi-10 eyengeziwe uqeqeshwa emsebenzini wakho ngemuva kwama-A-level. Nakhu ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokuthola iziqu zakho zokuqala (ngokuvamile iminyaka emine):

• Iminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha eyengeziwe yohlelo lwe-`(PhD)`.
• Uma ufuna ukwelapha iziguli, udinga okungenani iminyaka eyisikhombisa yokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha.
• Uhlelo lwe-MD-PhD olunikeza iziqu zobudokotela kanye neziqu zobudokotela luthatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi.

Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi kuwukuzidela okukhulu, kuyafaneleka uma ucabanga ngenkonzo enganikezwa kulo mkhakha.

Yiziphi izifundo okudingeka uzifunde ukuze ube yi-virologist?

Uma uphupha ngokuba yisazi sezifo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuba nesithakazelo kulezi zihloko:

• I-Biology: Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhakha ye-Microbiology, i-Cell Biology, kanye ne-Molecular Biology.
• I-Chemistry: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana ne-Biochemistry kanye ne-Organic Chemistry.
• Izakhi zofuzo: Ukufunda ngezakhi zofuzo zamagciwane kubaluleke kakhulu.
• I-Immunology: Ulwazi mayelana nohlelo olulwa nezifo emzimbeni wethu.
• Izifo Ezithelelanayo: Ukufunda ngokujulile ngezifo ezahlukahlukene.
• Umdlavuza/Umdlavuza: Amanye amagciwane angabangela umdlavuza, ngakho-ke ulwazi ngalokhu lubalulekile.

Basebenza kuphi odokotela bama-virologist?

Nazi ezinye izindawo lapho odokotela be-virologist bengasebenza khona:

• Amanyuvesi kanye namalebhu ocwaningo lwezemfundo
• Izikhungo zezempilo zikahulumeni noma zomphakathi (isibonelo, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e-United States, i-World Health Organization (WHO))
• Izibhedlela
• Amanyuvesi nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme (Amakolishi namayunivesithi - okufundisa nokucwaninga)
• Amalabhorethri ocwaningo lwezokwelapha azimele
• Izinkampani zemithi (zakha imithi emisha kanye nemigomo)

Ingabe odokotela be-virologist bayadingeka?

Isidingo sochwepheshe be-virologist singahluka kuye ngesikhungo abasebenzela kuso (ikakhulukazi noma ngabe sisemkhakheni ozimele noma ezemfundo), ulwazi lwakho, kanye nendawo yakho yobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ukubaluleka kwale nsimu kukhule ngenxa yobhubhane lwamuva nje. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi kunekusasa eliqhakazile lochwepheshe be-virologist abanamakhono.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Virologist kanye ne-Epidemiologist?

Nakuba bobabili laba bengabantu ababalulekile emkhakheni wezempilo, imisebenzi yabo ihlukile kancane.

• Udokotela wegciwane ngumuntu ofunda, axilonge, futhi elaphe amagciwane. Bagxila kubhayoloji yamagciwane, indlela aziphatha ngayo, nokuningi.
• Isazi sezifo ezibangelwa yizifo ngumuntu ofunda izimbangela zesifo futhi osengozini enkulu yokusithola.Baphinde banqume ukuthi bangasivimbela kanjani lesi sifo futhi bayeke ukusabalala kwaso. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ezifweni ezithelelanayo ezifana namagciwane namagciwane, kodwa futhi nasezifweni ezizimele, umdlavuza, noma izingozi. Odokotela bezifo ezibangelwa yizifo abavamile ukuthuthukisa imithi noma imijovo, noma ukwelapha iziguli ngqo. Abakwenzayo ukubheka isithombe esibanzi nokusiza ukulawula ukusabalala kwezifo.

Cabanga nje, lapho kufika ubhubhane 'lwe-COVID-19', ososayensi begciwane babecwaninga ngaleli gciwane kanye nomuthi wokuligomela, kuyilapho ososayensi bezifo becwaninga ukuthi lisakazeka kanjani, ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu, nokuthi angalilawula kanjani ngezinto ezifana nokuqhelelana nabantu. Umsebenzi wabo bobabili ubaluleke kakhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Njengoba kubhebhetheke ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus, kube nesithakazelo esikhulu ku-virology, akunjalo? Nakuba iningi lethu seliphenduke “abacwaningi abaphethe izihlalo” abacwaninga lokhu ekhaya, abanye abantu banqume ukugxila kulo mkhakha wocwaningo lwegciwane.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi odokotela be-virologist abagcini nje ngohlobo olulodwa lomsebenzi. Bangenza izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo, ukufundisa, ukuthuthukisa imijovo kanye nokwelashwa ngamagciwane, ukusebenza kwezempilo yomphakathi, ukuxilonga izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye nokwelapha iziguli. Ukuthi ukhetha ukugxila kuphi emsebenzini wakho kuzoncika emandleni nasezintshisakalweni zakho.

Futhi, ayikho "indlela eyodwa" yokuba yi-virologist. Kodwa awukwazi ukukwenza usekhaya lakho, kufanele uzinikele! Iningi le-virologist line-PhD noma i-MD, kodwa izidingo zingahluka kuye ngokuthi ukhetha yiphi indawo yobuchwepheshe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unamandla angakanani, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukufunda ngalaba bahlaseli abancane abangabonakali bamagciwane kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni!

Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ukuphishekela umsebenzi kulo mkhakha obalulekile, zama ukuthola imfundo nokuzinikela okudingayo. Kwazi bani, kungenzeka ukuthi nguwe othola ikhambi elizosindisa umhlaba esikhathini esizayo!

Udokotela Wegciwane, Igciwane, Ukutheleleka, Ucwaningo, Ubuchwepheshe Bezokwelapha, Imfundo, Ezokwelapha, Usosayensi, Impilo Yomphakathi