Ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe "ngomkhuhlane" (umkhuhlane) ophethwe yiwo nawe kulezi zinsuku?

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esicasulayo abantu abaningi abasithola kulezi zinsuku. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa "ngomkhuhlane". Kwabanye, uyafika futhi udlule ngaphandle kokuthola umkhondo, kodwa kwabanye, kungaba nzima kakhulu izinsuku eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi uyini lo "mkhuhlane", kungani uvela, nokuthi ungawugwema kanjani.

Iyini i-Flu? Ake sithole ukuthi iyini ngempela.

Kalula nje, i-Flu isifo esibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Influenza)` emzimbeni wethu. Ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu , izinhlungu zomzimba , umphimbo obuhlungu , kanye nomkhuhlane. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingafika zidlule. Lo mkhuhlane usakazeka kaningi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika . Ungathinta abantu abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubizwa nangokuthi ubhubhane.

Isiphi isikhathi sonyaka somkhuhlane?

Nakuba umkhuhlane ungavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ezweni lethu, enyakatho yezwe (lapho amazwe afana neMelika atholakala khona), isizini yomkhuhlane ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengeqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi . Inani elikhulu lamacala abikiwe phakathi kukaDisemba noFebhuwari. Nasezweni lethu, ungabonakala usakazeka ngesikhathi semvula kanye nangesikhathi sezulu esibandayo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane?

Eqinisweni, umkhuhlane uyisifo esithelelanayo esivame kakhulu . Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zithola umkhuhlane minyaka yonke. Ngakho akuyona into entsha kangako.

Uyini umehluko phakathi komkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayididayo. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile ngezinye izikhathi zingafana. Izinto ezifana nekhala eligobhozayo kanye nokukhwehlela kungaba khona kuzo zombili.

Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi izimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile zivame ukuba zincane. Kodwa izimpawu zomkhuhlane zingaba zimbi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zize zibangele nezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili lezi zifo zibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane .

Ingabe nginomkhuhlane noma i-COVID-19? Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngiqinisekile?

Lokhu futhi kuyinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo kulezi zinsuku. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zomkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu ze-Covid-19 zingafana kakhulu. Ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi unani, udinga ukuhlolwa. Kukhona ingozi yokuthola izimo ezibucayi kuzo zombili lezi zifo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lezi zifo ezimbili zibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zamagciwane, odokotela bazelapha ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu uma kukhulunywa ngomkhuhlane?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane, okusho ukuthi kungadingeka ukuthi bangeniswe esibhedlela. Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu :

• Uma unesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma noma i-COPD .
• Ngaphambi kwakho , izinso, isibindi , uhlelo lwezinzwa ,Uma uke waba nesifo senhliziyo noma semithambo yegazi (isib. isifo sohlangothi).
• Uma unesifo esithinta ukusebenza kwemisipha yakho noma esenza kube nzima ukukhwehlela, ukugwinya, noma ukususa ulwelwesi emaphashini akho .
• Uma unesifo sikashukela .
• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka (isib. i-HIV/AIDS, umdlavuza, noma ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba).
• Uma unesifo segazi njengesifo se-sickle cell .
• Uma i-BMI yakho ingaphezu kwama-30 (okusho ukuthi ukhuluphele kakhulu) .
• Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
• Uma ungumama okhulelwe .
• Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-19 ubudala futhi uphuza i-aspirin njalo .
• Uma uhlala esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside (isib., ikhaya lasebekhulile) .

Uma laba bantu bethola umkhuhlane, ungabathinta kakhulu kunomuntu ovamile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqaphela kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zivame ukuqala ngokuzumayo . Lezi yizimpawu eziyinhloko ongase uzibone:

• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba (ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu bemisipha)
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Impumulo egobhozayo noma ukuminyana kwamakhala
• Ukukhathala, umuzwa wobuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuhlanza (lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane)

Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nazo zonke lezi zimpawu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nazo ezimbalwa kuphela.

Kungani sithola umkhuhlane? Iyini imbangela?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, umkhuhlane ubangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-influenza . Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamagciwane omkhuhlane avame ukuthelela abantu: A, B, kanye no-C.

• I-Influenza A kanye ne-B yizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka (ikakhulukazi ebusika), kanti nezimpawu nazo zimbi kakhulu.
• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane C azizimbi kangako, futhi azizona izinkathi zonyaka. Kungase kube nenani elifanayo lamacala unyaka wonke.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge- H1N1 (“umkhuhlane wezingulube”) kanye nomkhuhlane wezinkukhu . Zombili ziyizinhlobo zegciwane le-influenza A.

Ingabe umkhuhlane uyathelelana?

Yebo, umkhuhlane uyisifo esithathelwanayo ngempela. Lokho kusho ukuthi usakazeka usuka komunye umuntu uye komunye. Umuntu one-flu angethelela omunye umuntu noma ababili.

Umkhuhlane usakazeka kanjani usuka komunye umuntu uye komunye?

Igciwane lomkhuhlane lisakazeka ngokuxhumana okuqondile noma okungaqondile nomuntu onegciwane. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusakazeka komkhuhlane yilezi:

• Uma umuntu oseduze ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma, amaconsi amancane (`(amaconsi)`) awela ezandleni zakho noma angene ekhaleni lakho nasemlonyeni wakho ngomoya. Igciwane libe selihamba liye emaphashini akho.
• Ngokuthinta indawo (isib. izibambo zeminyango, amatafula, amakhompyutha, amafoni) enegciwane lomkhuhlane bese uthinta ubuso bakho, impumulo, umlomo, noma amehlo.
• Ngokuthinta izandla noma ubuso bomuntu one-flu bese uthinta ubuso bakho, impumulo, umlomo, noma amehlo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni ukuze libangele ukugula?

Uma igciwane litheleleka, izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukubonakala zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-4 (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isikhathi sokufukamela").

Ungawuthola kanjani umkhuhlane ngokunembile?

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga umkhuhlane ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ethatha isampula ye-mucus ekhaleni lakho . Bazothatha lesi sampula ngokufaka i-swab ethambile, ende, nencane ekhaleni lakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ungathola imiphumela ngemizuzu embalwa, noma isampula izothunyelwa elabhorethri futhi imiphumela izotholakala ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umkhuhlane?

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela banikeza imithi yokulwa namagciwane yokwelapha umkhuhlane. Le mithi ingenza umkhuhlane wakho ungabi mubi kakhulu futhi inciphise isikhathi onesifo. Kodwa abantu abaningi bangasinda kumkhuhlane ngaphandle kwale mithi. Odokotela banikeza le mithi yokulwa namagciwane ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma izimpawu zingakapheli amahora angu-48, lo muthi cishe ngeke usebenze uma izimpawu sezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi igciwane selisakazeke kakhulu emzimbeni futhi umzimba usuqalile ukwenza ama-antibodies amelene nalo.
• Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo noma usengozini enkulu yokuthola ukugula okubi kakhulu, odokotela bangase bakunikeze lo muthi ngisho noma izimpawu sezikhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-48.
• Uma izimpawu zinzima kakhulu , imithi inganikezwa noma ngabe ukugula kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
• Uma uhlala noma unakekela abantu abangase babe nezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Yimiphi imithi enikezwayo yomkhuhlane?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokulwa namagciwane yomkhuhlane:

• I-Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®) : Lona umuthi othathwa ngomlomo, kungaba njengephilisi noma njengoketshezi. Ngokuvamile uthathwa izinsuku eziningana.
• I-Zanamivir (Relenza®) : Lona umuthi ophefumulwa nge-inhaler. Udinga futhi ukusetshenziswa izinsuku eziningana. Awunconywa kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD.
• I-Peramivir (Rapivap®) : Lokhu kunikezwa njengojovo lwe-intravenous (IV) ngudokotela. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa ngomthamo owodwa.
• I-Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza®): Lona futhi umuthi ophuzwa ngomlomo, kungaba njengephilisi noma uketshezi. Udinga ukuthatha umthamo owodwa kuphela. Awufanele abesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abancelisayo, abantu abake balaliswa esibhedlela, kanye nabantu abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale noma yimuphi umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zempilo onazo.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi kule mithi?

Umuthi ngamunye we-antiviral ungaba nemiphumela emibi ehlukene, kodwa evame kakhulu isicanucanu kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu (uhudo) . Imithi ephefumulwayo ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela i-bronchospasm.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu zomkhuhlane ekhaya?

Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo zomkhuhlane ekhaya. Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) kanye neminye imithi yasekhaya ingasiza:

• Phumula kahle.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi njengamanzi nesobho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukusebenzisa amabhodlela amanzi ashisayo noma amaphakethe okushisa kungasiza ngobuhlungu bomzimba.
• Ungathatha imithi efana ne -`(Paracetamol (Tylenol®))` noma `(NSAIDs)` (isb. `(Ibuprofen – Advil®, Motrin®)`, `(Naproxen – Aleve®)`) ukuze unciphise umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba.
• Ama-decongestant (ama-spray noma ama-lozenges ekhala) njenge-phenylephrine noma i-pseudoephedrine angasetshenziswa ukuqeda ikhala eligobhozayo kanye nokuminyana.
• Ungathatha imithi yokwelapha umkhuhlane, njenge-dextromethorphan, ukuze uyeke ukukhwehlela njalo.
• Ama-expectorant, njenge-guaifenesin, asiza ekukhululeni ulwelwesi emaphashini.

Okubalulekile: Le mithi ye-OTC ayifanele wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi le mithi izosebenzisana yini neminye imithi oyithathayo. Unganiki izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 i-aspirin ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela akuyalele ukuba wenze kanjalo.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigweme ukuthola umkhuhlane?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola umkhuhlane ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke . Lokhu kunganikezwa njengomjovo noma njengesifutho samakhala. Kubalulekile ukuthola umuthi wokugomela minyaka yonke ngoba igciwane lomkhuhlane liyashintsha (liyashintsha) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yomkhuhlane zifaka:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Uma insipho ingekho, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela. Kungcono ukukhwehlela/ukuthimula endololwaneni yakho noma ephepheni kunokukhwehlela ezandleni zakho.
• Gwema ukusondelana nomuntu onesifo esithathelwanayo, njengomkhuhlane.
• Uma ugula futhi kufanele ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, gqoka imaski.
• Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumulo, nomlomo njalo.
• Ungabelani ngokudla, iziphuzo, noma izitsha (izipuni, amafoloko, izinkomishi) nabanye.

Kwenzekani uma uthola umkhuhlane? Uzohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Iningi labantu liphatha izimpawu zabo zomkhuhlane ekhaya futhi lilulame zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto . Kodwa-ke, kungaba yinto enkulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqapha izimpawu zakho nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma kudingeka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezinye izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo.

Uma une-flu, kufanele ugweme ukusondelana nabanye abantu, ngaphandle kokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Umkhuhlane ungahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya cishe emavikini amabili . Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba zivela ngokuzumayo, kodwa ziphela ngokushesha kunezinye izimpawu. Izinto ezifana nokukhwehlela kanye nekhala eligobhozayo zingahlala isikhathi esithile.

Umkhuhlane ungathelelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Ungathelelana kusukela ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba nezimpawu kuze kube cishe isonto ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu . Uthelelana kakhulu izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu.Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kanye nezingane ezincane bangaba sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.

Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?

Ukuze uvimbele ukusabalalisa umkhuhlane kwabanye, kufanele ulinde okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho usuphelile ngokuphelele (ngaphandle kokuthatha imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane) ngaphambi kokubuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni. Indawo yakho yokusebenza noma isikole sakho singase sibe nemithetho ehlukile mayelana nalokhu, ngakho xhumana nabo.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Igciwane lomkhuhlane ngokwalo lingabangela izinkinga, noma lingenza buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho futhi libangele ukutheleleka ngamagciwane (`(ukutheleleka kwesibili)`). Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Sinus
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia) . Le pneumonia ingaholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila njenge-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Umama okhulelwe angase aphuphunyelwe yisisu .
• Ingane ekhulela esibelethweni sikamama okhulelwe ingaba nezinkinga ze-neural tube (NTDs) .

Bangaki abantu ababulawa yi-flu? Noma ingabe lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu?

Ngesikhathi sonyaka ojwayelekile womkhuhlane ezweni elifana ne-United States, abantu abaphakathi kuka-20,000 no-50,000 bayafa ngenxa yomkhuhlane minyaka yonke.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abanye abantu abangu-300,000 kuya ku-500,000 bazogula kakhulu futhi badinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi lesi akusona isifo esinganakwa kalula.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa ngokushesha okukhulu . Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuyinika. Bona udokotela ngokushesha uma:

• Uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane futhi useqenjini elisengozini enkulu.
• Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, noma uma unomkhuhlane izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
• Uma ungumama okhulelwe futhi unemfiva noma ezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo noma ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Akukho noma kuncane kakhulu ukuphuma komchamo.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli esifubeni noma esiswini.
• Ukuzizwa unesiyezi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ukudideka ( ukungaqiniseki ngalokho okwenzekayo).
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha noma ubuthakathaka.
• I-Pit one- `(Ukuxhuzula)`) .
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho (`(cyanosis)`) (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuntuleka komoya-mpilo egazini).
• Uma umkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela kuncipha bese kubuya.
• Uma ezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi engiwunikiwe?
• Ngingayithenga luphi uhlobo lwemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela ekhemisi?
• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezingathi sína okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Kunini lapho kufanele ngiye khona egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?
• Ngingaphinde ngize ngikubone futhi?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame ngokugcwele?

Ingabe lokhu `(umkhuhlane)` kubizwa nangokuthi `umkhuhlane wesisu`?

Cha. “Umkhuhlane wesisu” yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-gastroenteritis . Awubangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane. Awunalutho oluhlobene nomkhuhlane wesizini esikhuluma ngawo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nakuba umkhuhlane uyisifo esivame kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ungabangela nezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (`(umjovo womkhuhlane)`) kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekuguleni. Kungavikela nabathandekayo bakho nomakhelwane.

Uma unezinye izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo, noma uma ukhulelwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola umkhuhlane. Akekho ovikelekile kumkhuhlane, kodwa abantu abaningi bangaba ngcono ngokuhlala ekhaya, badle kahle (mhlawumbe nesobho lenkukhu kanye nefilimu!). Kodwa uma kubi ngempela, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.