Izinto ofuna ukuzazi ngensangu!

Kumelwe ukuba uke wezwa ngensangu, akunjalo? Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuthi i-hemp , i-ganja, insangu, kanye ne-pot. Empeleni kuyinto engabangela izinguquko ezithile ezingqondweni zethu uma isetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngensangu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Ingabe insangu nensangu ziyinto efanayo?

Nakuba abantu bevame ukusebenzisa amagama athi "insangu" kanye nelithi "insangu" ngokushintshana, kukhona umehluko omncane phakathi kwala magama amabili. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini.

• I-Cannabis: Kalula nje, lokhu kubhekisela kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo otholakala esitshalweni i-Cannabis sativa. Lokho kusho izimbali ezomisiwe, amaqabunga, iziqu, kanye nembewu yesitshalo. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe amakhemikhali ahlukene angaphezu kuka-500. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-cannabidiol (CBD). Leyo ingenye yamakhemikhali atholakala kulesi sitshalo.

• I-Marijuana: Lokhu kubhekisela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo se-Cannabis sativa noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngaso, kodwa ikakhulukazi leyo equkethe inani elikhulu lekhemikhali i-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) . Yile THC ethinta kakhulu ingqondo futhi ibangele umuzwa wokuba "uphezulu."

Uyaqonda-ke? Insangu nayo iwuhlobo lwensangu. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zensangu eziyinsangu. Ngoba akuzona zonke izinhlobo zensangu eziqukethe ikhemikhali ethinta ingqondo i-THC .

Emazweni afana ne-United States, ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kuvamile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesayensi, kusekuningi esingakwazi ngensangu. Abacwaningi basafunda ngemiphumela yayo yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside.

Ingabe insangu iyisidakamizwa esithinta ingqondo?

Esikhathini esidlule, ososayensi bahlukanisa le nhlanganisela ku-cannabis, i-THC, njenge-hallucinogen. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis ezikhiqiza le miphumela.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokubona izinto ezingekho ngemva kokusebenzisa insangu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukile kokuhlangenwe nakho okubangelwa ezinye izinto ezibonakala sengathi ziyi-hallucinogens njenge-LSD, i-psilocybin (etholakala kumakhowe omlingo), noma i-ecstasy. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imiphumela yensangu ebonakala sengathi iyi-hallucinogenic ingasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye izidakamizwa.

Iyini iMarijuana Yezokwelapha?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "insangu yezokwelapha." Ezinye izifundazwe e-United States zinemithetho evumela ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngezinjongo zezokwelapha. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula izimpawu, hhayi ukwelapha isifo. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokusebenzisa insangu yezokwelapha:

• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besikhathi eside , ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu be-neuropathic. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwama -opioid , uhlobo lomuthi wobuhlungu osetshenziselwa ukulawula ubuhlungu.
• Ukunciphisa isicanucanu nokuhlanza (njengesidakamizwa sokulwa nokugabha).
• Ukulawula izimpawu zezifo ezifana ne-'Multiple Sclerosis (MS),' isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokuqina kwemisipha (Spasticity).
• Ukwandisa isifiso sokudla .

I-U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) ibeke insangu esigabeni somuthi weShejuli I, okusho ukuthi ayikavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okwamanje futhi iyalutha kakhulu . Ngenxa yalokho, odokotela abakwazi ukukunikeza insangu. Kodwa-ke, ezifundazweni lapho kusemthethweni khona, odokotela bangaqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwensangu njengokwelashwa kwezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.

I-FDA ayigunyazanga insangu ukwelapha noma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, igunyaze amanye ama-compounds ahlanzekile (ama-analogs) atholakala kunsangu. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Cannabidiol (i-Epidiolex®): Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela nokulawula ukuquleka kubantu abanezinhlobo ezimbili ezingavamile zesifo sokuquleka esibizwa ngokuthi i-Lennox-Gastaut syndrome kanye ne-Dravet syndrome. Lona umuthi onikezwa ngodokotela, ngokungafani nemikhiqizo ye-CBD ongayithenga ekhemisi.
• I-Dronabinol (Marinol®) kanye ne-Nabilone (Cesamet®): Lawa makhemikhali asiza ukuvimbela nokwelapha isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-chemotherapy ezigulini ezinomdlavuza. I-Dronabinol isetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha izimo ezifana ne-anorexia kanye nokwehla kwesisindo kubantu abane-HIV noma i-AIDS.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi kusenokuntuleka kocwaningo oluningiliziwe kanye nezivivinyo zezokwelapha ngokusetshenziswa kwensangu kwezokwelapha, akuzona zonke izibhedlela nodokotela abaqinisekisa insangu yezokwelapha, ngisho nalapho ivunyelwe khona ngokomthetho.

Iyini imiphumela yokusebenzisa insangu?

I-Marijuana ithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela:

• Izakhi zofuzo zakho.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Ubulili bakho.
• Inani kanye namandla ensangu oyisebenzisayo.
• Indlela oyidla ngayo insangu/i-THC (ukubhema, ukuvapha, noma ukuyidla).
• Isikhathi osisebenzise ngaso insangu nokuthi uyisebenzisa kangaki.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa eminye imithi noma izidakamizwa.

Ngakho-ke, lokho okuzwayo ngensangu kungase kuhluke kulokho okuzwayo komunye umuntu. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nemiphumela yokusebenzisa insangu ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ngisho nakumuntu ofanayo, ingahluka.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kunemiphumela eminingana yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi basafunda ngalokhu, ikakhulukazi imiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Imiphumela yesikhashana

Uma ubhema insangu, ikhemikhali i-THC imuncwa ngokushesha egazini ngamaphaphu. Igazi libe selithwala i-THC liye ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Kodwa uma udla noma uphuza insangu, i-THC imuncwa kancane. Ngokuvamile kuthatha isigamu sehora noma ihora ukuthi imiphumela iqale.

I-'THC' yamakhemikhali ifana ne-'Anandamide' yamakhemikhali ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke, i-'THC' ingasebenza njenge-'Anandamide' futhi inamathele kuma-'Anandamide' receptors ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho. Ngale ndlela, i-'THC' ensangu ivuselela izingxenye zobuchopho ezinalawa ma-receptor amaningi, okubangela imiphumela eyahlukahlukene.

Nazi ezinye zemiphumela yesikhashana ehlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho:

• Izinguquko ekuqondeni kwezinzwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imibala ingase ibonakale ikhanya kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, futhi iphunga lingase libe namandla kakhulu.
• Umbono oshintshile ngesikhathi nendawo.
• Injabulo engavamile (i-Euphoria) kanye nokushintsha kwemizwa.
• Ubunzima bokucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo.
• Ukudideka nokudideka.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi/noma ulele (ukupholisa).
• Isiyezi.
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela komzimba (Ukuhlanganisa).
• Isivinini sokuphendula esihamba kancane.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, isimo sokukhathazeka singavela, njengokuhlaselwa uvalo .

Uma uphuza imithamo ephezulu yensangu, izinto ezilandelayo zingenzeka:

• Ukubona izinto ezingekho ngempela kuwumuzwa wokubona noma wokuzwa izinto ezingekho ngempela.
• Ukukholelwa ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso (Delusions).
• Isifo sengqondo. Le ngozi iphakeme uma usebenzisa insangu njalo.

Eminye imiphumela evamile yesikhashana:

• Umlomo owomile.
• Isicanucanu.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (kuze kube amahora amathathu ngemva kokubhema).
• Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside

Abacwaningi basafunda ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yokusebenzisa insangu. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezitholakele kuze kube manje:

• I-Marijuana, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa isencane, ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho bukhule ngokugcwele , ingathinta indlela ukuxhumana okuthile okwenziwa ngayo ebuchosheni. Ingathinta izinto ezifana nokunaka, inkumbulo, nokufunda. Le miphumela ingaba isikhathi eside futhi ihlale unomphela .
• Ukubhema noma yini, okuhlanganisa nensangu, kungalimaza amaphaphu, kwandise ingozi ye-bronchitis, futhi kubangele izibazi emithanjeni yegazi emincane.
• Ukubhema insangu kungandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi .
• Imikhiqizo yokufutha nge-vape equkethe i-THC ihlotshaniswa nezinkinga zamaphaphu, futhi mhlawumbe nokufa.
• Abantu abasebenzisa insangu njalo futhi abanesimo sofuzo sokuthuthukisa izifo zengqondo, njenge -schizophrenia , basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo.
• Abantu abasebenzisa imithamo ephezulu ye-THC isikhathi eside basengozini yokuthola isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, esibangela ukuhlanza okuvamile nokukhulu.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwensangu isikhathi eside kuhlotshaniswa nalokhu:

• Isifo se-periodontal.
• Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell bavame ukubhekana nezimo ezibuhlungu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwesidoda (i-spermatogenesis) kungathinta ukuzala.

Ingabe zikhona izinzuzo zokusebenzisa insangu?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ososayensi nodokotela abakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi insangu inalezi zinzuzo ezijwayelekile. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi akwenziwanga ucwaningo olwanele ngezinzuzo zezokwelapha zalo muthi, ikakhulukazi imiphumela yawo yesikhathi eside. Futhi indlela insangu ethinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ihlukile kakhulu.

Nakuba umuntu ngamunye engase athi uthole izinzuzo ezithile zomuntu siqu, kunzima ukufinyelela eziphethweni eziqinile ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zici.

Ziyini izingozi zokusebenzisa insangu?

Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside neyamanje yokusetshenziswa kwensangu, kunezinye izingozi eziningana:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yezingozi zezimoto.
• Phakathi kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala, ukusebenzisa insangu kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yezingozi.
• Eminye imikhiqizo yensangu/insangu ingase ingcoliswe amagciwane, izibulala-zinambuzane, noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi.
• Eminye imikhiqizo yensangu/insangu ingaba namanani ahlukene kakhulu ama-cannabinoid kunalokho okushiwo kulebula.

Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kokusetshenziswa Kwensangu?

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-10 abadala abasebenzisa insangu uba nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cannabis Use Disorder . Lokhu futhi uhlobo lwesifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD) . Kalula nje, kuyisimo sempilo yengqondo. Lesi simo senzeka lapho indlela yomuntu yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa iba yinkinga futhi ibangela ukucindezeleka noma ukuphazamiseka empilweni yakhe. Uma lokhu kuba kubi kakhulu, sikubiza ngokuthi umlutha .

Okubalulekile ukuthi izingane ezincane ezisebenzisa insangu zinamathuba aphindwe kane kuya kwayisikhombisa okuthuthukisa inkinga yokusebenzisa insangu kunabantu abadala.

Lesi simo singaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, ebuhlotsheni bakho, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwakho iyonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zalesi simo ziqala ukubonakala.

Insangu nokukhulelwa

Lokhu kuyindaba ekhathazayo kakhulu. Izikhungo zezokwelapha ezifana ne-FDA zeluleka kakhulu ukuthi zingasebenzisi noma yini equkethe i-'CBD' noma i-'THC', okuhlanganisa nensangu, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela okulandelayo:

• Kungathinta ukukhula kobuchopho bomntwana esibelethweni. I-THC ingangena ebuchosheni bomntwana isuka egazini likamama. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lokhu kuvezwa kungathinta ukunaka kwengane, inkumbulo, kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
• Ingozi yokuthola umntwana onesisindo esiphansi inganda.
• Ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuzalwa kwengane isishonile inganda.

Ubisi lwebele lungaqukatha i-THC kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha ngemva kokusebenzisa insangu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ugweme ukusebenzisa insangu ngenkathi uncelisa . I-THC ingathinta ukukhula kobuchopho bengane yakho.

Intuthu yensangu iqukethe izinto eziningi eziyingozi njengentuthu kagwayi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ugweme ukubhema insangu phambi kwezinsana noma izingane ezincane.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Njengoba ubona, insangu inemiphumela eminingi yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside. Eminingi yale miphumela isacwaningwa ososayensi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho usebenzisa insangu neminye imikhiqizo yensangu.

Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngokusetshenziswa kwensangu kwezokwelapha, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sokusebenzisa insangu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho . Bakhona ukuzokusiza.

Khumbula, impilo yakho iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucwaninga yonke into kahle ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yini, ikakhulukazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

` Insangu, i-hemp, i-THC, i-CBD, izidakamizwa, imiphumela yezempilo, umlutha