Ingabe nawe umlutha? Ake sixoxe ngomlutha noNirogi Lanka!

Wake wazizwa sengathi, “Angikwazi ukugqashula kulokhu”? Kungaba umkhuba omubi, noma kungaba yinto ejulile—umlutha. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi lokhu kuyini ngempela, kungani kwenzeka, nokuthi ungayithola kanjani indlela yakho yokubuyela empilweni enempilo. Nakuba lesi kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi, sizosichaza kalula ngeNirogi Lanka.

Kuyini Ukulutha Ngempela?

Kalula nje, ukulutheka kuwukunamathela kakhulu entweni ethile noma emsebenzini othile bese uqhubeka nakho ngokungalawuleki, noma ngabe uyazi ngemiphumela emibi. Kuyisimo esingapheli, esihlala isikhathi eside . Ungase uzithole wazi ukuthi lokho okwenzayo kuyingozi kuwe noma kwabathandekayo bakho, kodwa uzizwe ungenamandla okukuyeka.

Ukulutheka kungathinta kakhulu impilo yakho, ubudlelwano, umsebenzi, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izici zokuphila kwakho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu.

Ingabe kuyisifo?

Yebo, ukulutheka kuyisimo sezokwelapha—isifo . Ngokusho kwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), ukulutheka kuyisifo sobuchopho esingapheli. Akusona uphawu lobuthakathaka noma ukwenza izinqumo ezimbi. Ukulutheka empeleni kushintsha i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho . Ngalo mqondo, kufana nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulutha?

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulutha:

1. Ukuluthwa Yizidakamizwa (Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi yizinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokwezokwelapha).

2. Ukulutheka Kokuziphatha (Ukulutheka emisebenzini ethile kunezidakamizwa).

Ukuluthwa Yizidakamizwa

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bahlukanisa lokhu njengezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. I-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) inikeza izindlela ezicacile zokuhlonza lezi zimo.

Lezi zinto zingasukela emithini ebhalwe ngudokotela kuya emithini engekho emthethweni. Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo:

• Utshwala .
• I-Caffeine – Yebo, abantu abaningi bangancika ku-caffeine etholakala ekhofini nasetiyeni.
• Insangu/Insangu.
• Ama-hallucinogens - Njenge-PCP kanye ne-LSD.
• Ama-hypnotics, ama-sedative, kanye nama-anxiolytics – Imithi efana namaphilisi okulala, ama-benzodiazepines, kanye nama-barbiturates asetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuqwasha nokukhathazeka.
• Izinto zokuphefumula – Njengezinto zokunciphisa upende, ama-aerosol, amagesi athile, kanye nama-nitrites (ama-poppers).
• Ama-opioid – Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi anikezwe udokotela noma awekho emthethweni, lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-painkiller njenge-codeine, i-Oxycodone , ne-heroin.
• Izinto Ezivuselelayo – Kufaka phakathi i-Adderall ®, i-cocaine, kanye ne-methamphetamine .
• Ugwayi/i-Nicotine – Ugwayi, ugwayi kagesi, noma i-vaping .

Nakuba lezi zinto zihlukile kakhulu, zonke zivuselela kakhulu isikhungo somvuzo sobuchopho bakho, zinikeze umuzwa wenjabulo noma injabulo. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinto kungaholela ezinkingeni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa—yize kungebona bonke abazisebenzisayo abazoba nomlutha. Lezi zimo zingahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu. Umlutha uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-Substance Use Disorder.

Ukulutheka Kokuziphatha

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ovuselela isikhungo somvuzo sobuchopho bakho ungaba umlutha wokuziphatha. Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokufunda ukufana nomehluko phakathi kokuluthwa yizidakamizwa, ukuluthwa kokuziphatha, kanye nezinye izimo zokuphoqelela (njenge-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder noma i-Bulimia Nervosa).

Njengamanje, i-Gambling Disorder iyona kuphela umlutha wokuziphatha oqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ku-DSM-5 ngaphansi kwesigaba "sezinkinga ezingahlobene nezidakamizwa".

Ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha azikahlelwa ngokuphelele ku-DSM-5 ngenxa yocwaningo oluqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma noma yimuphi umsebenzi noma umkhuba uqala ukudla impilo yakho kuze kube yilapho udebeselela eminye imithwalo yemfanelo, noma uma kuphazamisa inqubo yakho yansuku zonke futhi kubangele ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, kwezenhlalo, ngokomzimba, noma ngisho nangokwezimali, kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Izibonelo zezindlela zokuziphatha ezingase zibe umlutha zifaka:

• Ukugembula .
• Ukudla (Ukudla okuphoqelekile noma ukungakwazi ukulawula ukudla).
• Ukuzilolonga noma ukunciphisa umzimba (Uma kuthathwa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ayingozi).
• Ukuthenga okuphoqelekile.
• Ukweba ezitolo noma ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi.
• Ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelelwe.
• Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
• Imidlalo yevidiyo - Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Internet Gaming Disorder.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi (isb., ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwefoni noma ikhompyutha) – Ikakhulukazi maqondana nezinkundla zokuxhumana.

Yikuphi umlutha ovame kakhulu?

E-United States, i-Alcohol Use Disorder iyona evame kakhulu, ilandelwe yi-nicotine kanye nensangu. Cishe abantu abayi-10% abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12 balwa nesifo esihlobene notshwala. Lesi simo sifana kakhulu eSri Lanka, lapho izinkinga ezihlobene notshwala nogwayi ziyizinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokulutha?

Izimpawu zokulutheka ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu kanye nesidakamizwa esithile noma ukuziphatha okuhilelekile. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukungakwazi ukuyeka: Ungase uthole ukuthi naphezu kwesifiso esinamandla sokuyeka ukusebenzisa into ethile noma ukuqeda ukuziphatha okulimazayo, awukwazi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzame ukunciphisa izikhathi eziningi kodwa wahluleka, uvame ukuzwa isidingo sokufihla lezi zenzo noma ukuqamba amanga kwabathandekayo bakho. Cabanga ngomuntu obhemayo ozitshela nsuku zonke ukuthi, "Lona ugwayi wami wokugcina," kodwa wazithola esevutha futhi.
• Ukubekezelelana Okwandayo: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungase uqaphele ukuthi ukuze uthole umuzwa ofanayo wenjabulo noma ukwaneliseka owawunawo, udinga ukusebenzisa kakhulu le nto noma ukuzibandakanya nomkhuba isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, umuntu oqale ngokuphuza utshwala obuncane angathola ukuthi udinga okwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze azizwe umphumela ofanayo.
• Ukugxila kakhulu entweni noma emsebenzini: Uma ulwa nomlutha, ungase uzithole umatasa ngento noma ngokuziphatha, uvame ukuzizwa sengathi ilawule impilo yakho. Ungase uchithe ingxenye enkulu yosuku lwakho ucabanga ngayo, uyifuna, noma uhlela ithuba lakho elilandelayo lokuzibandakanya nayo.
• Ukuntuleka kokulawula: Ungase uzizwe ungenalo nhlobo usizo, njengokungathi awunalo izwi ngesidakamizwa osisebenzisayo noma ukuziphatha okuphindayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela emizweni ejulile yecala, ukucindezeleka, kanye nobunzima obukhulu bemiphumela yokuba umlutha kwakho okuye kwaba nayo empilweni yakho.
• Izinkinga zomuntu siqu kanye nezinkinga zempilo: Umlutha uthinta zonke izici zokuphila kwakho—impilo yakho engokomzimba, inhlalakahle yengqondo, ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu, kanye nomsebenzi. Ungase ube nobunzima bokufeza imithwalo yakho yemfanelo emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa noma ukuziphatha kwakho. Ukuze ngiphinde ngiphinde, ngisho noma uqaphela ngokugcwele umonakalo obangelwa umlutha wakho, ungase uzithole ungakwazi ukuyeka.
• Ukuhoxa: Uma uzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa le nto noma ukuzibandakanya nomkhuba, ungase uzwe ukungakhululeki okukhulu kwengqondo nokomzimba okwaziwa ngokuthi izimpawu zokuhoxa . Ngokomzimba, lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuthuthumela, ukujuluka, noma isicanucanu. Ungase futhi ubhekane nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo, njengokukhathazeka noma ukucasuka.

Kungani abantu beba nomlutha?

Ayikho imbangela eyodwa yokulutha —kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi . Isici esiyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni kokulutha ukushintsha kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali zobuchopho bakho.

Izinguquko ku-Brain Chemistry

Izidakamizwa kanye nokuziphatha okuthile kuthinta kakhulu ubuchopho bakho, ikakhulukazi isikhungo semivuzo yobuchopho bakho.

Njengabantu, sinomqondo wokufuna injabulo nokwaneliseka. Ingxenye enkulu yalo mvuzo ivela emisebenzini enempilo. Uma uchitha isikhathi nomuntu omthandayo noma ujabulela ukudla okunempilo, umzimba wakho ukhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine . Yilokhu okukwenza uzizwe kahle. Kudala umjikelezo: ufuna lezo zikhathi ezinhle ngoba zikwenza uzizwe ujabule.

Izidakamizwa kanye nokuziphatha okuthile (njengokugembula noma ukusebenzisa imali ngendlela eyingozi) nakho kubangela ukukhishwa kwe-dopamine ngokuzumayo okukhulu ebuchosheni bakho. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokukushukumisela emikhubeni esekela impilo, la mazinga e-dopamine ngokweqile angathinta kabi imicabango yakho, imizwa yakho, kanye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Ngenxa yalokho, ungase ufune okwengeziwe kwaleyo nto noma ukuziphatha, kuyilapho isithakazelo sakho emisebenzini enempilo nezuzisayo sincipha.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinto noma imisebenzi iyayishintsha kakhulu i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho. Uba nomuzwa wokungazweli kuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, udinga okwengeziwe kwalezi zinto noma umsebenzi ukuze nje uzizwe izinga elifanayo lenjabulo owawunalo ngaphambili.

Kwezinye izinto, njenge -opioid , izimpawu zokuhoxa zinzima kakhulu kangangokuthi zidala isisusa esinamandla sokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukuze nje ugweme lobo buhlungu bomzimba nobengqondo.

Ezinye Izinto Ezibangela Umthelela

Ukulutheka kuthonywa ezinye izici eziningana:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi u-40% kuya ku-60% wengozi yanoma yisiphi isifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ungowofuzo. Uma ilungu lomndeni—njengomfowethu noma umzali—liye labhekana nalokhu, ungase ube nesifo sofuzo esiphezulu. Ososayensi basasebenza ukuthola izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezihilelekile kule ngozi.
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo: Kukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kokulutheka nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka, i- PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) , noma i-bipolar disorder . Cishe ingxenye yalabo ababhekene nesimo sempilo yengqondo nabo bazobhekana ne- Substance Use Disorder , kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.
• Izici Zemvelo: Ukufinyelela kalula ezintweni ezidakayo kuyisici esibalulekile sengozi yezemvelo. Uma uhlala nabantu abasebenzisa izinto ezidakayo, noma uma unikezwe imithi (njenge -opioid noma izikhuthazi) engasetshenziswa kabi, ingozi yakho yokudalulwa iyanda. Okuhlangenwe nakho Okubi Kobuntwana (ama-ACE) nakho kudlala indima enkulu. Ama-ACE abhekisela ezenzakalweni ezicindezelayo noma ezibuhlungu ezenzeka ebuntwaneni, ezixhunyaniswe kakhulu nezinkinga ezahlukene zezempilo kuyo yonke impilo, okuhlanganisa nokukhula kokulutheka.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginomlutha? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze athole umlutha, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zengqondo , isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo , noma umeluleki wezidakamizwa notshwala . Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokubuza imibuzo (futhi mhlawumbe nomndeni wakho) mayelana nezindlela zakho zokusebenzisa noma mayelana nokuziphatha.

Udokotela wakho angase enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi mayelana nempilo yakho iyonke futhi kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo okudingeka zixazululwe.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokulutheka?

KwaNirogi Lanka, udokotela wakho angase ancome inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuphathwa Kwesibhedlela:Ezinye izimpawu zokuhoxa zingaba yingozi uma uyeka izidakamizwa ezithile. Amayunithi ezibhedlela akhethekile ahlinzeka ngokuqapha kwezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa ukuze akusize uphathe lezi zimpawu ngokuphephile nangokuphumelelayo.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile ingasiza ekunciphiseni izifiso, izifiso ezinamandla, kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa eziqhubekayo. Uma ubhekene nesinye isimo sempilo yengqondo (isib. Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okubangelwa Yi-Bipolar, Ukucindezeleka), udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kulabo futhi.
• Ukuvuselelwa (Ukuvuselelwa): Lokhu kufaka phakathi amalungiselelo "okuphila ngokuhluzeka" noma "ukwelashwa kokuhlala." Izikhungo zokuvuselelwa zinikeza ukwelulekwa okuhlelekile, imfundo, ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, kanye nesisusa. Ungathola ukunakekelwa ngenkathi uhlala esikhungweni (ukuvuselelwa kweziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela) noma ngokuya emihlanganweni ehleliwe ngenkathi uhlala ekhaya (ukuvuselelwa kweziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela). Ukugxila okuyinhloko kwezinsizakalo zokuvuselelwa ukukusekela ekulawuleni umlutha wakho isikhathi eside nokwakha impilo enempilo neqhubekayo.
• Ukwelapha: Izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha zisiza abantu ukuthi bathole imibono emisha futhi bashintshe ukuziphatha. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma), njenge-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) noma i-Group Therapy, ukuze kukusize uqonde ohambweni lwakho lokululama.
• Amaqembu Okusekela: Abantu abaningi bathola impumelelo ngokusebenzisa amaqembu okusekela. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) kulabo ababhekene notshwala noma i-Narcotics Anonymous (NA) ngenxa yokuthembela ezidakamizweni ezihlobene nezidakamizwa. Amaqembu afana ne-Al-Anon anikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile emindenini nakubangane balabo abanezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Le miphakathi inikeza indawo ephephile yokwabelana ngolwazi nokuthola isikhuthazo esiqhubekayo.

Impilo ibukeka kanjani ngemva kokunqoba umlutha? (Outlook)

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi baphatha ngempumelelo umlutha wabo futhi baqhubeke nokuphila impilo egcwele nenempilo. Kodwa-ke, ukululama ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa noma umlutha wokuziphatha akulula . Uhlelo lokusekela oluqukethe abangane abakhathalelayo, umndeni, kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ludlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kwakho kuphumelele.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukulutheka kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo noma ngisho nokufa. Kungalimaza ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu, kuholele ebunzimeni bezezimali, futhi kubangele izinkinga zomthetho. Ukulutheka okungalashwanga kuthinta nabathandekayo bakho, ngemiphumela engase iqhubeke izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuvimbela umlutha?

Kunezinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nomlutha:

• Gwema Noma Unciphise Izinto Eziluthayo: Zama ukugwema ukusebenzisa izinto onganikwanga zona. Uma usebenzisa imithi ebhalwe ngudokotela, landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokuqinile. Uma uzizwa sengathi usuqala ukuthembela emithini ebhalwe ngudokotela, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Yazi Umlando Womndeni Wakho: Uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma umlutha wokuziphatha, ungase ube sengozini enkulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngamasu okunciphisa ingozi yakho.
• Lawula Ukucindezeleka Ngendlela Enempilo: Izehlakalo zokuphila ezicindezelayo zingandisa kakhulu ingozi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nezinkinga (isib. ukuzivocavoca, ukuzindla, noma ukuqala into entsha yokuzilibazisa). Uma ukuthola kunzima ukulawula ukucindezeleka, cabanga ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Indlela yokusiza umuntu onomlutha

Ukuthola ukuthi othandekayo wakho ulwa nomlutha kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kuyacindezela. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokumsekela ngenkathi uzinakekela:

• Xhumana Nomuntu Ozomsiza Kusenesikhathi:Uma umuntu esheshe athole ukwelashwa, kuba ngcono ukubikezela. Veza ukukhathazeka kwakho futhi umsize athole ukwesekwa kochwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu. Phakamisa ukushayela ucingo endaweni yosizo oluphuthumayo, ukukhuluma nodokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo , ukungena ohlelweni lokwelashwa, noma ukuya emhlanganweni wezinyathelo ezingu-12. Nikeza usizo lwakho nokusekela ngaphandle kokwahlulela.
• Zijwayeze Uzwela: Ngisho noma ungavumelani nomuntu omthandayo, mlalele ngokucophelela. Uma umuntu omthandayo ezizwa eqondakala ngempela, cishe uzokubona njengomlingani omethembayo ekululameni kwakhe.
• Yiba Nesineke: Ungalindeli ingxoxo eyodwa noma isenzo esisodwa "esizokwelapha" umlutha wothandekayo wakho. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokulutha kokuziphatha kuyinkimbinkimbi, kuyizifo ezingamahlalakhona, futhi azikho "izixazululo ezisheshayo."
• Zinakekele: Abangane namalungu omndeni walabo abaluthayo bavame ukubhekana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukudabuka, kanye nesizungu. Kubalulekile ukubeka impilo yakho yengqondo phambili; uma ubhekene nobunzima, funa usizo nawe. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela imindeni emphakathini wakho.

Ingabe udinga ukubona udokotela?

Umlutha uyinkinga enkulu yempilo. Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othile omkhathalelayo unenkinga yomlutha, khuluma nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kochwepheshe kanye namaqembu okusekela angakunikeza usizo oludingekayo ukuze ululame.

Inothi Lokugcina (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Ekugcineni, sicela ukhumbule ukuthi ukulutheka kuyisimo sezokwelapha, hhayi uphawu lobuthakathaka noma iphutha lobuntu. Kungenzeka kunoma ubani, njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi ukuthi ukululama kungenzeka.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlupheka, sicela wazi ukuthi awuwedwa. Ungesabi noma ungabi namahloni okucela usizo. Khuluma nodokotela, umeluleki, noma umuntu omdala omethembayo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokusekelwa, izigidi zabantu ziye zaphuma ekugqilazweni umlutha zaphila impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo. Uhambo lungase lube nzima, futhi kungase kube nezithiyo endleleni, kodwa ungapheli amandla. Unamandla okunqoba lokhu ngosizo lweNirogi Lanka.

Umlutha, Ukululama, Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa, Impilo Yengqondo, Ukusekelwa Kochwepheshe