Ingabe nawe umlutha walokhu? Ake sixoxe ngomlutha!

Ngezinye izikhathi sizizwa sengathi, "O, angikwazi ukukususa lokhu," akunjalo? Kungaba umkhuba omubi, noma kungaba yinto ejulile, umlutha. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi kuyini ngempela, ukuthi kungani kwenzeka, nokuthi singaphuma kanjani kukho. Lesi yisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ake sizame ukusigcina silula.

Kuyini ngempela ukuba umlutha?

Kalula nje, ukulutheka kuwukunamathela okunamandla entweni ethile noma emsebenzini, futhi umuntu uyaqhubeka nokwenza ngaphandle kokulawula, naphezu kokwazi ukuthi kuzoba nemiphumela emibi. Kuyisimo esingapheli esingathinta impilo yakhe yonke . Cabanga ngakho, abanye abantu bayazi ukuthi abakwenzayo akulungile nokuthi kuzilimaza bona nabanye, kodwa abakwazi ukuyeka futhi bangene enkingeni enkulu. Ukulutheka kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, ebuhlotsheni bomndeni, emsebenzini, nakukho konke empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukubona izimpawu zokulutheka.

Ingabe lesi yisifo?

Yebo, ukulutheka kuyisifo, ukugula . Ngokusho kwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), ukulutheka kuyisifo sobuchopho esingapheli. Akuyona imiphumela yokuntula amandla okuzimisela noma ukwenza izinqumo ezimbi. Ukulutheka kushintsha amakhemikhali obuchopho bakho . Kufana nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo esingamahlalakhona, njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulutheka?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulutheka: 1. Ukulutheka yizidakamizwa (odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "Izinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa"). 2. Ukulutheka yizinto ezingezona izidakamizwa, okungukuthi, izenzo ezithile ("Ukulutheka Kokuziphatha").

Ukuluthwa Yizidakamizwa

Odokotela kanye nomphakathi wezokwelapha manje babiza izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokuthi "Izinkinga Zokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa." Incwadi ethi "DSM-5" ye-American Psychiatric Association, enezindlela ezicacile zokuxilonga "Izinkinga Zokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa." Lezi zinto ziyizidakamizwa ezingaba umlutha. Lezi zingaba izidakamizwa ezinikezwa ngodokotela noma izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Utshwala .
• I-Caffeine - Yebo, abanye abantu baluthwa yi-caffeine etholakala ekhofini nasetiyeni.
• Insangu/Insangu.
• Ama-Hallucinogens - Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-PCP kanye ne-LSD.
• Ama-hypnotics, ama-sedative kanye nama-anxiolytics - imithi enikezwa abantu abanenkinga yokulala, njenge-benzodiazepines kanye nama-barbiturates.
• Izinto zokuphefumula - njengopende oluncibilikisayo, izifutho, amagesi athile, kanye nama-nitrites (ama-poppers).
• Izinhlobo ze-`(ama-opioid)` ezithathwa ngomuthi kadokotela noma ngaphandle kwawo -Izibulala-zinhlungu ezifana ne-Codeine, i-Oxycodone , ne-Heroin.
• Izikhuthazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithathwe ngomuthi kadokotela noma ngaphandle kwawo - njenge -Adderall ®, i-cocaine, kanye ne -methamphetamine (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ice).
• Ugwayi /i-Nicotine - Ukubhema ugwayi , usebenzisa ugwayi kagesi (ugwayi kagesi noma i-vaping ).

Nakuba lezi zinto zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, zonke zisebenza ngokuvuselela kakhulu isikhungo somvuzo ebuchosheni bakho, zikunikeze umuzwa wenjabulo nenjabulo. Izinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izinto Ezimbi Zingavela uma usebenzisa lezi zinto - kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ozenzayo. Lezi zimo zingaba zincane, ziphakathi noma zibe zimbi kakhulu. Umlutha uhlobo olubi kakhulu lweSifo Sokusebenzisa Izinto Ezimbi.

Ukulutheka Kokuziphatha

Ukulutheka kokuziphatha kungenzeka nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi ovuselela isikhungo senjabulo yobuchopho bakho. Ososayensi bokuziphatha basacwaninga ngokufana nomehluko phakathi kokulutheka kwezidakamizwa, ukulutheka kokuziphatha, kanye nezinye izimo zokuziphatha eziphoqelelayo (njenge-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) kanye ne-Bulimia Nervosa). Njengamanje, ukulutheka kokuziphatha okuwukuphela kokwaziwa ngokusemthethweni ku-DSM-5 yisifo sokugembula. Kusesigabeni esithi "Ukulutheka Okungewona Okwezidakamizwa". Okunye ukulutheka kokuziphatha akufakiwe ku-DSM-5 ngoba asikho ucwaningo olwanele ngakho okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, uma noma yimuphi umsebenzi noma umkhuba uba nzima kangangokuthi uphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, kungaholela ezinkingeni zengqondo, zenhlalo, kanye nempilo yomzimba, kanye nezinkinga zezezimali ngezinye izikhathi. Ezinye izibonelo zemisebenzi engaba umlutha:

• Ukugembula .
• Ukudla - Abanye abantu bakuthola kunzima ukulawula ukudla kwabo.
• Ukuzivocavoca noma ukunciphisa umzimba - Okuningi kwalokhu nakho kuyinkinga.
• Ukuthenga.
• Ukweba ezitolo noma ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi.
• Ukuya ocansini.
• Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
• Imidlalo yevidiyo - Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Internet Gaming Disorder.
• Ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi (isib. efonini yakho, kukhompyutha) - ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.

Yikuphi umlutha ovame kakhulu?

E-United States, isifo esivame kakhulu yisifo sokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Okulandelayo yi-nicotine nensangu. Cishe abantu abayi-10% abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12 bahlushwa isifo sokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Isimo sifana kakhulu eSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi ngezinkinga ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nogwayi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuba umlutha?

Izimpawu zokulutha ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi kuye ngokuthi into ethile noma umsebenzi othile ulutheka kuwo. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukungakwazi ukuyeka: Umuntu angase afune ukuyeka ukusebenzisa into ethile noma ukuziphatha ngendlela engeyinhle yokulutha, kodwa angase angakwazi. Kungenzeka ukuthi usezame ukunciphisa ukubhema izikhathi eziningana, kodwa wehluleka. Angase aqambe amanga kubathandekayo bakhe ngalokhu noma akufihle. Isibonelo, umuntu obhemayo angase acabange nsuku zonke, "Ngeke ngiphinde ngibheme namuhla," kodwa abese eqala ukubhema futhi.
• Ukubekezelelana Okukhulu: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, udinga ukusebenzisa kakhulu into noma uchithe isikhathi esiningi uyenza ukuze uthole injabulo/ ujabulelo olufanayo owawuluthola. Isibonelo, umuntu owayeneliseke ekuqaleni ngotshwala obuncane ekugcineni uzodinga okwengeziwe ukuze athole injabulo efanayo.
• Ukugxila kakhulu entweni noma emsebenzini: Abantu abanomlutha bamatasa kakhulu ngento noma umsebenzi. Bangase bazizwe sengathi umlutha uyabusa izimpilo zabo ngoba bachitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku bewulangazelela, bezama ukuwuthola, futhi becabanga ngawo.
• Ukuntuleka kokulawula: Bangase bazizwe bengenalusizo futhi bengenalo ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezidakamizwa noma izenzo zabo. Bangase babe nemizwa yecala, ukucindezeleka, kanye nomthwalo osindayo wezinto ezenzeke ekuphileni kwabo ngenxa yokulutha kwabo.
• Izinkinga zomuntu siqu kanye nezinkinga zempilo: Umlutha uthinta zonke izici zokuphila - impilo yomzimba, impilo yengqondo, ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu, umsebenzi, konke. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuziphatha kungabangela umuntu angakwazi ukufeza imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya. Ngamanye amazwi, abakwazi ukuyeka, yize bazi ukuthi umlutha wabo ubanga umonakalo ongakanani.
• Ukuhoxa: Abantu abanenkinga yokulutha bangase babe nezimpawu zokuhoxa kwengqondo nezomzimba uma beyeka ukusebenzisa le nto. Izimpawu zomzimba zingase zihlanganise ukuthuthumela, ukujuluka, nokuhlanza. Bangase futhi babe nezimpawu zengqondo ezifana nokukhathazeka nokucasuka.

Kungani umuntu eba umlutha walezi zinto?

Akukho imbangela eyodwa yokulutha - kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu .Isizathu esiyinhloko sokulutha yizinguquko kumakhemikhali obuchopho bakho.

Izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni

Izidakamizwa neminye imisebenzi ithinta ubuchopho bakho, ikakhulukazi isikhungo semivuzo . Njengabantu, sinomqondo wokufuna injabulo nokwaneliseka. Isikhathi esiningi, le njabulo ivela ezintweni ezinempilo. Uma uchitha isikhathi nomuntu omthandayo, noma uma udla ukudla okumnandi, umzimba wakho ukhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine . Yilokhu okwenza uzizwe kahle. Kufana nomjikelezo: Ufuna lezi zinto ngoba zikwenza uzizwe kahle. Izidakamizwa neminye imisebenzi (isib. ukuya ocansini, ukuchitha imali) nazo zikhipha inani elikhulu le-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokukushukumisela ukuba wenze izinto ofuna ukuzenza (ukudla, ukusebenza, ukuba nabantu obathandayo), la mazinga aphezulu e-dopamine angaba nomthelela omubi emicabangweni yakho, emizweni, nasekuziphatheni kwakho. Lokhu kungaholela ekufiseni izidakamizwa noma umsebenzi ongemuhle, okungaholela ekunciphiseni injabulo emisebenzini enempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinto noma imisebenzi zishintsha i-chemistry yobuchopho bakho. Uba nomuzwa wemiphumela yazo. Bese, udinga eziningi zazo ukuze uthole injabulo efanayo owawunayo. Ngezinye izinto, njenge-opioids, izimpawu zokuhoxa zimbi kakhulu kangangokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokuzisebenzisa.

Ezinye izizathu

Kunezinye izizathu eziningana ezibangela umlutha:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi phakathi kuka-40% no-60% wengozi yokuthola noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kubangelwa izici zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho (umfowenu, udadewenu, umzali) enalesi simo, usengozini enkulu kancane. Ososayensi basazama ukuthola izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezifaka isandla kule ngozi.
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo: Kukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kokulutheka kanye nezimo zempilo yengqondo (isib. ukucindezeleka, isifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele, isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo). Cishe ingxenye yabantu abanesimo sengqondo nabo banesifo sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kanti cishe ingxenye yabantu abanesimo sengqondo sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nabo banesifo sengqondo.
• Izici Zemvelo: Ukufinyelela kalula ezintweni eziyingozi kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu kwezemvelo. Ukuba namalungu omndeni noma abangane abasebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma ukunqunyelwa imithi engasetshenziswa kabi (isib. ama-opioid, izikhuthazi), kungandisa ingozi yokuchayeka nokusebenzisa izinto eziyingozi.Okuhlangenwe Nakho Okubi Kwabantwana (ama-ACE) nakho kudlala indima enkulu lapha. Ama-ACE ayizehlakalo ezicindezelayo noma ezibuhlungu ezenzeka ebuntwaneni. Lezi zihlobene kakhulu nezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo, okuhlanganisa ukulutheka, ezingakhula kuyo yonke impilo yomuntu.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo sokulutha? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze ahlole umlutha, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zengqondo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, noma umeluleki wezidakamizwa notshwala. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo (mhlawumbe nomndeni wakho) mayelana nezindlela zakho zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nokuziphatha okuyinkinga. Udokotela angase afune nokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi angayala ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi mayelana nempilo yakho iyonke. Kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi unazo yini izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umlutha?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha, ezingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuphathwa kwesibhedlela: Izimpawu zokuhoxa ezenzeka uma uyeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezithile zingaba yingozi. Uzoqashwa futhi welashwe ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zesibhedlela ukuze kukusize ululame kulezi zimpawu.
• Imithi: Eminye imithi inganciphisa izifiso, izifiso, kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa eziqhubekayo. Uma unesinye isimo sempilo yengqondo (isb., i-bipolar disorder, ukucindezeleka), udokotela wakho angase abelaphe nalabo ngemithi.
• Ukuvuselelwa/Ukuvuselelwa: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuphila impilo ehluzekile" noma "ukwelashwa kokuhlala." Izikhungo zokuvuselela zinikeza ukwelulekwa okuhlelekile, imfundo, ukwesekwa, kanye nesikhuthazo. Ungathola ukwelashwa ngokuhlala esikhungweni sokuvuselela (ukuvuselelwa kweziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela) noma ngokuya emihlanganweni ehleliwe (ukuvuselelwa kweziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela). Izinsizakalo zokuvuselela zigxile kakhulu ekukusizeni ukuthi ulawule umlutha wakho futhi uphile impilo enempilo isikhathi eside.
• Ukwelulekwa Nokwelashwa: Izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha zingasiza abantu abaluthayo ukuba bathole umbono omusha futhi bashintshe ukuziphatha kwabo. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma), njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) noma ukwelashwa kweqembu.
• Amaqembu okusekela:Abantu abaningi balawula umlutha wabo ngosizo lweqembu lokusekela. Isibonelo, i-Alcoholics Anonymous noma i-Narcotics Anonymous. Amaqembu afana ne-Al-Anon anikeza ukwesekwa emindenini nakubangane babantu abanezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. La maqembu anikeza abantu ithuba lokwabelana ngolwazi lwabo nokuthola ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo.

Uhlobo luni lwempilo ongayiphila uma ululama ekugqilazweni? (Outlook)

Ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukulawula umlutha wabo futhi baphile impilo egcwele nenempilo. Kodwa-ke, ukululama ezinkingeni zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nokulutha kokuziphatha akulula . Abangane abasekelayo, umndeni, kanye nodokotela badlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lokhu kwelashwa kuphumelele.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukulutheka kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo ngisho nokufa. Kungalimaza ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu, kubangele ubunzima bezezimali, futhi kuholele ezinkingeni zomthetho. Ukulutheka okungalashwanga kungalimaza nemindeni, futhi imiphumela ingahlala izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

Ingabe zikhona izinto esingazenza ukuze sigweme ukulutheka?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nomlutha:

• Gwema noma unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziluthayo: Gwema noma unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engagunyaziwe ngudokotela. Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho lapho usebenzisa imithi kadokotela. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube umlutha wemithi kadokotela, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Yazi umlando womndeni wakho: Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma umlutha wokuziphatha, ungase ube sengozini enkulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngendlela enempilo: Ingozi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa iyanda kakhulu ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka kanye nokushintsha kwempilo. Kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nalezi zikhathi (isib. ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzindla, ukuthatha umdlalo omusha wokuzilibazisa). Uma unenkinga yokulawula ukucindezeleka, cabanga ngokubona umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Umsiza kanjani umuntu onomlutha?

Ukuthola ukuthi umuntu omthandayo unesifo sokulutha noma sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kungaba yinselele kakhulu futhi kucindezele. Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokusiza othandekayo wakho kanye nawe:

• Khuluma kusenesikhathi: Uma umuntu onomlutha eshesha ukuthola ukwelashwa, kungcono. Veza ukukhathazeka kwakho futhi umsize athole ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Shayela ucingo losizo, khuluma nodokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo , phakamisa ukuthi babhalise ohlelweni lokwelashwa, noma baye ohlelweni lwezinyathelo ezingu-12. Nikeza usizo lwakho nokusekela ngaphandle kokwahlulela.
• Zijwayeze ukuba nozwela: Ngisho noma ungavumelani nomuntu omthandayo, lalela ngokucophelela lokho akushoyo. Lapho umuntu omthandayo ezwa sengathi unomuntu omqondayo, kulapho amathuba okukubona njengomuntu angamethemba khona.
• Yiba nesineke: Ungalindeli ukuthi umlutha womuntu omthandayo uzophulukiswa ngengxoxo eyodwa noma isenzo esisodwa. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nomlutha wokuziphatha kuyinkimbinkimbi, kuyizifo ezingamahlalakhona, futhi azikho izixazululo ezisheshayo.
• Cabanga ngawe futhi: Abangane nomndeni wabantu abaluthayo bavame ukubhekana nokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, ukudabuka, kanye nesizungu. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngempilo yakho yengqondo bese ucela usizo uma unalezi zimpawu. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela noma inhlangano emphakathini wakho.

Ingabe udinga ukubona udokotela?

Umlutha uyisifo esingathi sína. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othile omkhathalelayo angaba nomlutha, khuluma nodokotela ngokushesha. Amaqembu okwelapha nawokusekela ayatholakala ukukusiza.

Okokugcina, khumbula lokhu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ekuphetheni, ukulutheka akusona isifo, akusona ubuthakathaka bengqondo noma iphutha lomuntu. Kungenzeka kunoma ubani, njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Into ebalulekile ukuthi kunganqotshwa. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlushwa yilesi simo, awuwedwa. Ungesabi ukucela usizo, ungabi namahloni. Khuluma nodokotela, umeluleki, noma umuntu omdala omethembayo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, izigidi zabantu ziye zanqoba lokhu kulutheka futhi ziphila impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo. Uhambo lungase lube nzima, futhi kuzoba nezithiyo endleleni, kodwa ungapheli amandla. Ungakunqoba nakanjani lokhu. ` Ukulutheka, Ukulutheka, Izidakamizwa, Utshwala, Ukugembula, Ukwelashwa, Impilo Yengqondo