Ingabe ingane yakho ihlala ilahleka ezweni lemicabango, inganaki izifundo zekilasi esikoleni? Ingabe iyagijima futhi ayikwazi ukugcina ingqondo yayo endaweni eyodwa ngemva kokunikezwa umsebenzi wesikole? Noma ingabe ihlala izulazula lapho ingakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa? Uma ubona izinto ezinjengalezi, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wacabanga, "Ingabe lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD?" Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-ADD. Kuyini ngempela i-ADD ne-ADHD? Ingabe ukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili? Mhlawumbe wena ngokwakho ube nalolu hlobo lwento kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange ukuqaphele. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokucacile namuhla.
I-ADD ne-ADHD: Ingabe ukhona ngempela umehluko?
Kalula nje, akukho mehluko omkhulu ngempela. Womabili amagama asetshenziselwa ukuchaza isimo esifanayo. Kodwa odokotela abasasebenzisi igama elithi 'ADD'. Sekuyigama elidala, eliphelelwe yisikhathi. Ungase uzwe abantu bethi ADD, kodwa akusona isifo esisemthethweni sokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha. Namuhla, uma umuntu etholakala enezimpawu ze-ADD, uhlukaniswa njengolunye lwezinhlobo ezintathu ze-ADHD.
Esikhathini esidlule, lokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). Futhi, odokotela manje sebeyazi ukuthi lesi simo asigcini ebuntwaneni, kodwa singaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umuntu emdala.
La magama ashintshe kanjani?
Umlando walokhu ulula kakhulu. Ngawo-1980, incwadi eyinhloko ehlukanisa izimo zempilo yengqondo, i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), yanika lesi simo igama elithi 'attention deficit disorder', noma 'ADD'. Ngaleso sikhathi, sasihlukaniswe saba izinhlobo ezimbili - ngokusebenza ngokweqile nangaphandle kokusebenza ngokweqile .
Kodwa ngo-1987, odokotela bashintsha igama laba yi-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Kwabe sekuthi ngo-1994, lesi simo sahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Sisasebenzisa leso sigaba nanamuhla.
Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD kanye nezici zazo
I-ADHD yisimo esithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho. Singathinta ukusebenza kwengane kwansuku zonke, kokubili ekhaya nasesikoleni. Izingane ezinalesi simo zinobunzima bokunaka, ukulawula ukuziphatha kwazo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziba matasa ngokweqile.
I-ADHD ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene nazo kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwe-ADHD | Izici ezibalulekile kanye nokuziphatha |
|---|---|
| 1. Isethulo Esingenandaba Kakhulu (Lokhu kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-ADD ngaphambilini) | Laba bantwana abalwi kakhulu. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubabona. Bangase babonakale benamahloni futhi "besezweni labo."
|
| 2. Ukwethulwa Okukhulu Kakhulu Okushukumisayo Nokushukuma | Laba bantwana banamandla amaningi. Abakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, bahlala behamba. Lokhu kubonakala kalula kwabanye.
|
| 3. Isethulo Esihlanganisiwe | Lezi zingane zinezimpawu zazo zombili izinhlobo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Okusho ukuthi, zingabonakala zisebenza ngokweqile futhi zingenaso isineke kanye nokunganaki . Zinobunzima bokunaka, futhi zihlala zihambahamba, azikwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa. |
I-ADHD itholakala kanjani?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okunganquma ukuthi unayo yini i-ADHD noma cha.Lokho kusho ukuthi lokhu akukwazi ukutholakala ngokushesha ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma nge-scan.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unenkinga ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela onolwazi, njengodokotela wezingane noma wezifo zengqondo.
Udokotela ulandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze axilonge lesi simo:
- Ukuqoqa ulwazi: Udokotela uzokubuza wena, othisha bengane, kanye nabanye abantu abadala abamazi kahle ingane yakho ngokuziphatha kwayo ngokuningiliziwe.
- Ukuqhathanisa ukuziphatha: Ukuziphatha komntwana kuqhathaniswa nokuziphatha okuvamile kwabanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo.
- Ukugwema ezinye izimo: Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ezibukeka njenge-ADHD zingabangelwa ezinye izimo. Isibonelo:
- Izinkinga zokulala
- Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
- Ushintsho olukhulu emndenini (isehlukaniso, ukufa)
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid
- Ukuxhuzula okungabonakali (Ukuxhuzula)
Ngakho-ke, udokotela ufinyelela esiphethweni ngemva kokucabangela konke lokhu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile njenge-`(NEBA) System`, elinganisa amaza obuchopho, kungasetshenziswa, kodwa lokho kwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ukuze uxilongwe
Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-ADHD, lezi zimpawu kumele zibe khona isikhathi esithile.
- Izimpawu kumele ziqhubeke okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha .
- Ezinye izimpawu kumele ukuthi zaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12 .
- Lezi zici kumele zibonakale ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (isib., ekhaya nasesikoleni).
- Lezi zici kumele zibe nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yengane yomphakathi, emsebenzini wesikole, noma eminye imisebenzi.
Ingabe abantu abadala nabo bangaba ne-ADHD?
Yebo, impela. I-ADHD akuyona into ekhawulelwe ebuntwaneni. Abantu abaningi ababene-ADHD beseyizingane bayaqhubeka nokuba nale nkinga baze babe badala. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho abazali bezama ukuthola ukuthi ingane yabo ine-ADHD, bayaqaphela ukuthi nabo banezimpawu ezifanayo. Uma usumdala futhi ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi une-ADHD, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze uthole impendulo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADD igama elidala elisetshenziselwa isimo se-ADHD. Igama lezokwelapha elifanele lamanje yi-ADHD.
- I-ADHD ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: uhlobo lokunganaki, uhlobo olusebenza ngokweqile/olusebenzisa ingqondo ngokuphazima kweso, kanye nohlobo oluxubile, okuyinhlanganisela yakho kokubili.
- Uma ingane isolwa ukuthi ine-ADHD, kubalulekile ukubona ukuthi izimpawu zikhona yini ekhaya nasesikoleni.
- Gwema ukuzihlola wena. Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-ADHD, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze uthole isiqondiso nokwelashwa okufanele.
- I-ADHD yisimo esingaqala ebuntwaneni siqhubeke size sibe abantu abadala. Singahlolwa futhi selashwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
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