Ingabe uvame ukuthola izikhalazo ngengane yakho esikoleni? Ingabe uvame ukuzwa izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Akahlali endaweni eyodwa ekilasini," "Uyabahlupha abanye abantwana," nokuthi "Akalaleli lokho okushoyo?" Ingabe kuyafana nasekhaya? Akaqedi umsebenzi awuqalayo? Ingabe ushiya izinto ngemuva bese ezilahla? Uma lezi zinto zizwakala zijwayelekile kuwe, khona-ke singase sikhulume ngento engaphezu nje kokwenza okubi. Lokho yi-ADHD, noma i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ADHD?
I-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) iyisifo esingaphezu kokuba yisifo, iyinguquko encane ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngengane ukunaka nokulawula ukuziphatha kwayo. Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Eqinisweni, singenye yezinkinga zobuchopho ezivame kakhulu ezibonakala ezinganeni. Nakuba lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni, singaqhubeka size sibe ngabantu abadala.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD?
I-ADHD ingahluka kuye ngomntwana, kodwa ngokuvamile, singayibona ngaphansi kwezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezimpawu.
1. Ukunganaki : Ubunzima bokunaka into ethile.
2. Ukungacabangi: Ukwenza izinto ngokuphamazela ngaphandle kokucabanga.
3. Ukungakhathali: Ukungahlaliseki kakhulu ukuze uhlale endaweni eyodwa.
Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze sichaze kabanzi lezi zici.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Lokho ozokubona |
|---|---|
| Ukungakhathali kanye nokungacabangi |
|
| Ukunganaki |
|
Izici Zabantwana Abancane
Odokotela abavami ukuxilonga i-ADHD ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala ngoba ukuziphatha okuvamile kwezingane ezikule minyaka kufana kakhulu nezimpawu ze-ADHD. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho encane ihlala inezinkinga esikoleni sabantwana abancane noma enkulisa futhi ukuziphatha kwayo kuhluke kakhulu kwabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo , kufanelekile ukukunaka .
Ziyini izimbangela ze-ADHD? Yimiphi imibono eyiphutha?
Abazali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi, "Ingabe leli yiphutha lami? Angikhulisanga ingane yami, akunjalo?" Cha, i-ADHD ayilona iphutha labazali.
Odokotela abakakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile ye-ADHD, kodwa ucwaningo luthole okulandelayo:
- Kuyifa: I-ADHD ingaba yifa. Ingane eyodwa kwezine ezine ezine-ADHD inomzali noma umfowabo onayo le nkinga.
- Izinguquko zobuchopho: Izingane ezine-ADHD zitholakale zinezinguquko ezithile ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula ukunaka, ukunyakaza, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Zingase zibe nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali ('ama-neurotransmitter') asiza amangqamuzana obuchopho ukuthi axhumane.
Ungakholwa yilezi zinkumbulo ezingamanga!
I-ADHD ayibangelwa ukudla ushukela omningi, ukubuka i-TV noma imidlalo yevidiyo kakhulu, ukuthola imijovo, noma ukuba umzali omubi. Lezi yizinkolelo ezingamanga ngokuphelele.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-ADHD
Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa (njengokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskena) ukuthola i-ADHD. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa udokotela wengane noma uchwepheshe, ohlola ingane, athathe ulwazi kubazali nakothisha, futhi abheke ukuziphatha kwengane isikhathi eside.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo kumele zihlangatshezwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umntwana une-ADHD:
- Ukuba nezimpawu ze-ADHD okungenani eziyisithupha.
- Lezo zimpawu ziyaqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
- Lezi zici zingabangela izinkinga ezindaweni ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokuphila kwengane (isib., ekhaya nasesikoleni).
- Izimpawu zaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-ADHD iyisimo esilawulekayo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ezimbili.
1. Ukwelapha Ngokuziphatha: Lokhu kuhilela ukufundisa ingane amakhono anjengokulawula ukuziphatha kwayo, ukuhlela imikhuba yayo, kanye nendlela yokuphatha isikhathi sayo. Abazali banikezwa nezeluleko zokuthi bangabhekana kanjani nokuziphatha kwengane yabo, indlela yokunikeza isikhuthazo, kanye nendlela yokufaka isiyalo.
2. Imithi: Ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-6 ubudala, udokotela angakunikeza imithi uma kudingeka. Le mithi (ebizwa ngokuthi ``Psychostimulants`` kanye ``Non-stimulants``) isiza ukulinganisela amakhemikhali asebuchosheni bengane alawula ukunaka, ayisize ukuthi ihlale igxile futhi ilawule imicabango yayo.
- Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela emibi efana nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla ingenzeka. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi lokhu kuncane futhi kuyaphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yini. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola umuthi kanye nomthamo osebenza kahle kakhulu enganeni yakho.
Indlela yokujezisa ingane ene-ADHD?
Ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezine-ADHD zinobunzima bokuzilawula, imithetho nemikhuba ehambisanayo necacile kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo.
- Khuthaza ngendlela eyakhayo: Esikhundleni sokuhlala uthethisa ingane yakho, ncoma izinto ezinhle ezenzayo. Ngisho nento encane njengokuthi "Kuhle ukuthi ubeke amathoyizi akho eceleni" ingaba yisikhuthazo esikhulu kuyo.
- Yenza imithetho icace: Beka imithetho yendlu endaweni ebonakalayo, njengohlu lwezinto okufanele zenziwe.
- Nikeza imiphumela ngokushesha: Uma unikeza isijeziso, ungakwenzi ngentukuthelo noma ngokukhungatheka. Yiba nokuthula, uhambisane nesigameko, bese usiqalisa ngokushesha.
- Indlela "yokuphumula": Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu. Uma ingane yakho yenza iphutha, yitshele ukuthi ihlale endaweni ethule isikhathi esilingana nobudala bayo (cishe umzuzu owodwa ngonyaka). Yethula lokhu njengethuba lokuzola, hhayi njengesijeziso.
Kunezinto ezinhle ngokuba ne-ADHD! Ezinye izingane zinekhono lokudala elimangalisayo namandla.Futhi banekhono lokugxila kakhulu entweni abayithandayo ('i-Hyperfocus'). Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuhlonza la mandla nokubasiza bawathuthukise.
Uma ingelashwa, i-ADHD ingathinta imfundo yengane, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo kanye nekusasa layo. Ngakho-ke, uma unenkinga ngengane yakho, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane noma wezifo zengqondo ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD akuyona iphutha lengane noma labazali. Kuwushintsho olukhula ebuchosheni.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukunganaki, ukusebenza ngokweqile kanye nokungasheshi.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokwelapha ngokuziphatha kanye, uma kudingeka, imithi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane yakho imithetho ecacile, inqubo eqhubekayo, kanye nokuqinisa okuhle.
- Uma unenkinga ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, cela iseluleko kudokotela ngokushesha. Ngokuphathwa kahle, izingane ezine-ADHD zingaphila impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo.
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