Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayihlali endaweni eyodwa? Ingabe igijima njengomshayeli wesithuthuthu? Ingabe igxumagxuma ngenkathi ukhuluma? Kwabanye abazali, lokhu kujwayelekile kakhulu, futhi kungaba yinto ekhathazayo kakhulu. Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane kuyisenzo esibi noma inkani yengane, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinto ejulile. Namuhla sikhuluma nge-ADHD, okuyisimo esinjalo.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ADHD engasebenzi kahle?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ADHD. I-Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD, esikhuluma ngayo namuhla, ingenye yazo. Ibonakala ngokungakwazi ukuzibamba, ukuxhamazela, kanye nokuziphatha okungenangqondo. Kalula nje, laba bantwana bathambekele ekwenzeni izinto ngaphambi kokuba bacabange.
Ingabe ingane yakho ikuthola kunzima ukuhlala ithule? Ingabe ikhuluma ngezikhathi ezingafanele? Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuxhamazela. Futhi, izinto ezifana nokugxuma uma ukhuluma noma ukungalindi ithuba layo ngenkathi idlala zingabizwa ngokuthi ukuphambuka.
Lesi simo singase senzeke nakubantu abadala, kodwa asivamile ezinganeni. Lokhu kuxhamazela kungase kwehle kancane kancane njengoba sikhula.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo? Uzibona kanjani?
Okokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD ngokuhlolwa okukodwa nje. Udokotela wakho uzoqala azame ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zalokhu kuziphatha. Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka okuvela ezinkingeni zomndeni, ukungaboni kahle , noma ukukhubazeka kokufunda kungenza kube nzima ngengane ukuhlala igxile.
Uma udokotela esola ukuthi une-ADHD, uzonaka kakhulu lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Lezi zimpawu kumele zibe khona okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha .
| Izimpawu/Ukuziphatha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuzulazula/Ukuzikhukhumeza | Ukungakwazi ukuhlala uthule, ukuzulazula njalo nokuzulazula. |
| Ukukhuluma Okungapheli | Ukukhuluma okuqhubekayo okungafanele lesi senzakalo. |
| Ukungathandi umsebenzi othule | Ubunzima bokugxila emisebenzini edinga ukugxilisa ingqondo buthule, njengokufunda incwadi noma ukudweba isithombe. |
| Ukusebenza "okufana nemoto" | Ukugijima usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye, ungakwazi ukuhlala uthule. |
| Ukuvuka nokuhamba njalo | Ukuvuka njalo endaweni yokuhlala, ugibela ezihlalweni, ematafuleni, kanye nasefenisha. |
| Ukungabekezeli | Ukungakwazi ukulinda emgqeni, ukulinda ithuba lomuntu. |
| Ukukhuluma ngokucasuka | Ukuphendula umbuzo ungakaqedwa, ukuveza imibono ngezikhathi ezingafanele. |
| Ukuphazamisa | Ukuphazamisa izingxoxo nemidlalo yabanye. |
| Ukungazinaki izingozi | Ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuqonda izingozi zesimo esithile. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezigijimayo futhi zidlale ezine-ADHD. Ukuze zibizwe nge-ADHD, lezi zimpawu kumele zibe nomthelela ocacile empilweni evamile yengane (njengomsebenzi wesikole, ubudlelwano nabangane).
Ukuze ahlole ngokusemthethweni i-ADHD, udokotela uzocabangela ezinye izici eziningana:
- Sibheka ukuthi lezi zimpawu zaqala yini ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12 .
- Sibheka ukuthi lezi zici azibonakali yini endaweni eyodwa (njengasekhaya), kodwa ezindaweni eziningi (njengasekhaya nasesikoleni) .
- Siyaqinisekisa ukuthi asikho esinye isimo sezokwelapha esingachaza lezi zenzo .
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ADHD nezinye izinhlobo?
Kukhona olunye uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-ADHD, olubizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD yokunganaki . Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo ubunzima bokunaka. Cabanga nje, laba bantwana baphazanyiswa kalula ezinye izinto, bavame ukubonakala besemhlabeni wamaphupho, bavame ukulahlekelwa izinto, benze amaphutha amancane, futhi babe nobunzima bokuqeda imisebenzi abayiqalayo. Kodwa ababonisi ukungaphumuli ngokweqile noma ukuphoqeleka njengohlobo lwe-Hyperactive-Impulsive esikhulume ngalo ngaphambili.
Kodwa empeleni, abantu abaningi banenhlanganisela yazo zombili izinhlobo. Ibizwa ngokuthi Uhlobo Oluhlanganisiwe . Lokho kusho ukuthi banenkinga yokuhlala endaweni eyodwa futhi banenkinga yokwenza izinto.
Kungani lesi simo senzeka?
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ze-ADHD, imbangela eqondile ayikacaci. Ososayensi bathi kukhona ingxenye yezakhi zofuzo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezidluliselwa kubazali ziya ezinganeni zingadlala indima. Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze line-ADHD, ingane inamathuba amaningi okuba nayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi:
- Umama ubhema noma uphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi .
- Ukuzalwa unesisindo esincane kakhulu.
- Ukungenisa izinto ezinobuthi ezifana nomthofu ngesikhathi sobuntwana.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho.
Abazali abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ushukela ubangela izingane ukuba zibe nobudlabha. Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi ushukela ubangela noma uyayibhebhethekisa i-ADHD. Nakuba kukhulunywa ngokuxhumana phakathi kwemibala yokwenziwa kanye nezilondolozi (izithasiselo zokudla) kanye ne-ADHD, akukaqinisekiswa.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Kulungile, njengoba lesi simo sesitholakele, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwelashwa. Uhlelo lokwelashwa luzohluka kumntwana ngamunye. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungadingeka uzame izindlela eziningana ukuthola ukuthi yini esebenza kahle kakhulu enganeni yakho. LokhuUhambo lokubambisana phakathi kwakho, ingane yakho, nodokotela wakho.
Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala ngemithi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi.
1. Izidakamizwa Ezivuselelayo
Nakuba lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “ama-stimulant,” le mithi ayibakhuthazi abantwana abane-ADHD, empeleni iyabathulisa.
- I-Methylphenidate (isib. i-Ritalin, i-Concerta)
- I-Dexmethylphenidate (isib., i-Focalin)
- I-Lisdexamfetamine (isb. i-Vyvanse)
- Imithi yohlobo lwe-amphetamine (isb. i-Adderall)
Lokhu kuza ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengamaphilisi, uketshezi, kanye namabala esikhumba. Akuzona zonke izingane ezizozuza emithini efanayo, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokhetha ongcono kakhulu wengane yakho.
2. Izidakamizwa Ezingavuseleli Umzimba
Nakuba lokhu kungasebenzi ngokushesha njengemithi evuselelayo, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi embalwa.
- I-Atomoxetine (i-Strattera)
- I-Guanfacine (Intuniv)
- I-Clonidine (i-Kapvay)
Ngezinye izikhathi imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye neminye imithi yokucindezeleka ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ADHD.
Qaphela imiphumela emibi yemithi.
Uma usebenzisa imithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela imiphumela emibi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu ngokukhululekile.
| Imiphumela emibi evamile | Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa emibi kakhulu (yazisa udokotela ngokushesha) |
|---|---|
|
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu efana nale ayivamile kakhulu. Kodwa uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu ezingavamile, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Udokotela uzohlola njalo ukuphakama kwengane yakho, isisindo sayo, umfutho wegazi kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi ithatha imithi.
Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha
Kanye nemithi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha nakho kubalulekile.Udokotela wengqondo noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha usiza ingane ukuthi ibone futhi ilawule ukuziphatha kwayo okungenakuzithiba nokungacabangi.
- Ngizijwayeza ukulandela imikhuba yansuku zonke.
- Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
- Uhlelo lwemivuzo nemiphumela luqaliswa kubazali nothisha ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle nokunikeza imiphumela yokuziphatha okubi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD Engasebenzi Kakhulu Akuyona into "embi" noma "embi" enganeni, kuyisimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Uma unokungabaza ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, ungaqageli futhi ucele iseluleko kudokotela ofanelekayo.
- Inhlanganisela yemithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ngemithi ethathwa yingane yakho, umthamo wayo, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona.
- Njengabazali, uthando lwenu, isineke, kanye nokusekela kwenu kubaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yengane yenu.
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