Uma uzwa igama elithi " Amphetamines , " ungase ucabange ukuthi into ethile iyesabisa kancane. Abanye abantu bayibheka njengesidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lihlukile kakhulu. Lezi izidakamizwa ezibaluleke kakhulu, uma zisetshenziswa kahle futhi ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela, zingasiza ezimweni eziningi zezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sisuse imibono eyiphutha ngama-amphetamines futhi sixoxe ngendaba yangempela.
Kalula nje, ayini lawa ma-amphetamine?
Ama-amphetamine ayiqembu lemithi evuselela uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okusho ukuthi asenza sisebenze kakhudlwana. Afana nokushaywa kwekhofi okwenza umuntu olele ashaqeke, kodwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Aqokwa kakhulu odokotela ukwelapha isifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo ( ADHD ) futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile .
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda. Kunamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bethu asebenza “njengabathumeli beposi” ukuthwala ulwazi emuva naphambili. Ngokwezokwelapha, siwabiza lawa ma-neurotransmitter . Amabili ayinhloko yi -dopamine kanye ne -norepinephrine .
Cabanga ngakho, la makhemikhali amabili yiwo akusiza ukuthi uhlale ugxile, ujabule futhi uqaphile. Uma uthatha i-amphetamine, ekwenzayo ukunikeza ubuchopho amandla okuthi "bukhulule kancane lawa ma-dopamine kanye ne-norepinephrine." Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa le mithi iyasiza futhi amakhemikhali akhishwayo ukuthi ahlale ebuchosheni isikhashana.
Ngenxa yalokho, ungase uhlangabezane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Uzokwazi ukulalelisisa.
- Ukuzizwa uqabulekile futhi unamandla.
- Ubuthongo buyancipha futhi ungahlala uphapheme isikhathi eside.
- Isifiso sokudla singase sehle kancane.
- Kufika umuzwa ojabulisayo noqondile engqondweni.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela uma unqunywe udokotela, ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe nangendlela enqunyiwe. Uma usetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, njengokuthatha kakhulu noma ukuwujova ngezinye izindlela, kunengozi yokuba umlutha. Kodwa-ke, uma usetshenziswa kahle ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela, ingozi yokuba umlutha iphansi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zama-amphetamine kanye namagama azo emikhiqizo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi ekilasini le-amphetamine. Umuthi ofanayo ungase ube namagama emikhiqizo ahlukene. Uma udokotela ekubhalela omunye walaba wena noma ingane yakho, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwazi ukuthi uyini.
| Igama elijwayelekile lomuthi | Isibonelo, amagama emikhiqizo |
|---|---|
| I-Amphetamine | I-Adzenys®, i-Evekeo® |
| Izinhlanganisela ze-Amphetamine | I-Adderall®, i-Mydayis® |
| I-Dextroamphetamine | I-Dexedrine®, i-Zenzedi® |
| I-Lisdexamfetamine | I-Vyvanse® |
| I-Methamphetamine | I-Desoxyn® (lokhu akunconywa kakhulu) |
| I-Phentermine | I-Adipex®, iLomaira® |
Ukusetshenziswa Okungeyona Eyezokwelapha
Lolu uhlangothi olwethusa abantu abaningi. Yebo, kunezimo lapho ama-amphetamine esetshenziswa ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela, ukuzijabulisa noma ngezinye izinjongo (isib. ukufundela izivivinyo, ukuhlala uphapheme emsebenzini). Lona umkhuba oyingozi kakhulu futhi ongekho emthethweni.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge -MDMA , eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Ecstasy" noma "i-Molly." Empeleni iyikhemikhali emndenini wama-amphetamine. Kodwa abacwaningi baphinde babheke ukuthi i-MDMA ingasetshenziswa yini njengokwelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo njenge -post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .
Izimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko eziphathwa ngama-amphetamine
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lezi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezahlukene.
- I-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa. Lo muthi unikezwa ukusiza ngomsebenzi wesikole kanye nokuxhumana nabantu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha.
- I-Narcolepsy: Lesi yisifo sokulala esibangela abantu ukuba balale ngokungalawuleki nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Le mithi iyabasiza ukuba bahlale bephapheme usuku lonke.
- Ukukhuluphala: Amanye ama-amphetamine anciphisa isifiso sokudla, ngakho anganikezwa isikhathi esifushane ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kukadokotela njengengxenye yohlelo lokunciphisa isisindo.
- Isifo Sokudla Okubi: Eminye imithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Amphetamine ne-Methamphetamine?
Abantu abaningi badidanisa la magama amabili ngoba afana kakhulu. Nakuba womabili afana ngamakhemikhali, kunomehluko omkhulu.
| Isici | I-Amphetamine | I-Methamphetamine |
|---|---|---|
| Izifo ezilashwayo | Kuvunyelwe i-ADHD, i-Narcolepsy, kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. | Kuvunyelwe kuphela i-ADHD (kodwa kusetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu). |
| Amandla | Inamandla, kodwa ingaphansi kweMethamphetamine. | Inamandla kakhulu. Inethonya elinamandla ebuchosheni. |
| Isivinini sokusebenza | Kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuthi umphumela usebenze. | Umphumela uvela ngokushesha okukhulu. |
| Isincomo | Kunconywa kakhulu odokotela. | Akunconywa kakhulu ngenxa yengozi ephezulu yemiphumela emibi kanye nokulutha. |
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi kulo muthi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-amphetamine angaba nemiphumela emibi. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akukubi kakhulu futhi kuzophela njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile okufanele uzazi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zinto.
| Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokusebenzisa i-amphetamine | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi evamile, engemibi kangako | |
| - Ukungalali | - Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo |
| - Ikhanda elibuhlungu | - Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu |
| - Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo | - Ukungahlaliseki, ukucasuka |
| - Isiyezi | - Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo |
| Imiphumela emibi kakhulu engavamile kodwa okufanele ibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha: | |
| - Ubuhlungu besifuba | - Ubunzima bokuphefumula |
| - Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo (isib. ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukusola ngokweqile) | - Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba |
| - Ukulimala kweminwe | - Ukukhetha isikhumba ngokuphoqelela |
Khumbula: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi kakhulu, yeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokushesha bese uya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) . Uma ukhathazekile nganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angase akwazi ukushintsha umthamo wakho noma akunikeze omunye umuthi.
Ingabe kungaba nezinkinga ngeminye imithi?
Yebo, impela. Ama-amphetamine angasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi. Ngakho-ke tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amavithamini, izithasiselo, imithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, ngisho nemithi kadokotela.
Izinkinga zingavela, ikakhulukazi ngale mithi:
- Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka (ama-MAOI, ama-Tricyclic antidepressants)
- Imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Eminye imithi yokwelapha i-gastritis (ama-antacid, ama-proton pump inhibitors)
- Imithi efana nePanadin equkethe ama-antihistamine
Ingabe kulungile ukusebenzisa notshwala?
Akukuhle neze. Ungaphuzi utshwala isikhashana ngemuva kokuthatha ama-amphetamine. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kungabangela imiphumela engafuneki neyingozi. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele ulinde isikhathi esingakanani.
Kwenzekani uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi?
Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu ophuza imithi njengoba nje udokotela eyiyalile abe nezimpawu zokuhoxa lapho eyeka. Kodwa-ke, ungayeki ukuthatha imithi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
Kodwa abanye abantu bangase bazizwe "beshaqekile" kancane njengoba imiphumela yemithi iphela, ekugcineni kosuku. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:
- Ngizizwa ngikhathele ngokuzumayo.
- Ngizizwa ngithukuthele futhi ngingahlaliseki.
- Sengilambile kakhulu.
- Kunzima ukuzibhala.
Uma ukuthola kunzima ukubekezelela lokhu "kuphahlazeka" futhi kuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Lokhu kungaxazululwa ngokushintsha isikhathi othatha ngaso umuthi wakho noma ukushintshela kumuthi okhishwa isikhathi eside.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Amphetamine iyisidakamizwa esiwusizo kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Ungayesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela uma unikezwe udokotela. Ungasebenzisi umuthi wabanye abantu noma unikeze abanye umuthi wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Nikeza udokotela wakho incazelo ephelele yayo yonke eminye imithi, amavithamini, kanye nemithi yesiSinhala oyithathayo.
- Qaphela imiphumela emibi. Uma unenkinga, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu ezinkulu, iya ku-ETU esibhedlela esiseduze.
- Gwema ukuyeka imithi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.
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