Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi? Lokhu kumayelana nokumelana nama-antibiotic!

Uma uya kudokotela ngenxa yomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma ukutheleleka, ngezinye izikhathi bakunikeza umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, ucabanga ukuthi wonke umuthi wokulwa namagciwane owunikezayo uzohlala usebenza ngendlela efanayo? Lokho akulona iqiniso. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto eziphilayo ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi amabhaktheriya ziyajwayela lawa ma-antibiotic bese ziqala ukumelana nawo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukumelana namagciwane . Lena indaba engathi sína, kodwa masiyigcine ilula.

Kuyini ukumelana nalokhu kwama-antibiotic?

Kalula nje, ukumelana nama-antibiotic yikhono lama-bacteria lokumelana nama-antibiotic aklanyelwe ukuwabulala noma ukuvimba ukukhula kwawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okwakulula ukukwelashwa manje sekunzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Empeleni lokhu kuyingxenye yesigaba esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukumelana namagciwane . Isikhunta, izimuncagazi, kanye namagciwane nakho kungaba ukumelana nemithi.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, akuwona umzimba wakho oqala ukumelana nama-antibiotic, ama-bacteria! Uma lokhu kwenzeka, inani lama-antibiotic asebenza ngokumelene nebhaktheriya elithile liyancipha. Amanye ama-antibiotic angasiza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nezinketho eziningi zokwelapha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezinkulu, ukuqala imithi efanele ngokushesha okukhulu kungasindisa impilo. Cabanga nje, uma kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kudokotela ukuthola imithi efanele kuwe, ukugula kungaba kubi kakhulu, akunjalo?

Kungani lokhu kuyingozi kangaka?

Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyingozi ngoba kunciphisa izinketho zakho zokwelapha uma ugula. Kungaphinde kubambezele ukwelashwa okufanele. Lokhu kungakushiya nalokhu:

• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokugula okunzima, isikhathi eside noma ukufa.
• Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yemithi.
• Ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela.
• Ukuya kodokotela njalo.
• Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zokwelashwa.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo emhlabeni wonke basebenza kanzima ukuthola izixazululo zalokhu. Kodwa asikho isisombululo esilula. Ukuze sishintshe lokhu, sidinga ubunye nokusekelwa yithi sonke. Ngokuqaphela lokhu, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela wena, abathandekayo bakho, kanye nabanye abaningi ongakaze ubabone.

Lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic kuvela kanjani?

Amabhaktheriya amelana ngokwemvelo nemithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa ezinye izici zingasheshisa le nqubo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic

Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukuthi usebenzisa ama-antibiotic uma ungawadingi ngempela. Cabanga ngakho, iningi lemithi ebuhlungu ibangelwa amagciwane. Ngakho-ke imithi elwa namagciwane ayisebenzi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma udokotela ekunikezile.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic

Amabhaktheriya ahlala efuna noma yiliphi ithuba lokuzala. Uma ukhohlwa ukuthatha umuthi wokubulala amagciwane ngesikhathi, yeka ukuwuthatha ngaphambi kokuba udokotela akutshele, noma usebenzise umuthi womunye umuntu, amabhaktheriya angaqala ukuzala futhi. Uma ezalana kanje, ukwakheka kwawo kwezakhi zofuzo, noma i-DNA, kungashintsha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa . Amabhaktheriya ashintshe ngale ndlela aba namandla okumelana nomuthi. Ama-antibiotic angabulala kuphela amabhaktheriya angakashintshi, ashiye amabhaktheriya amelana nawo ngemuva.

Izinguquko ezenzeka ngokungazelelwe kubhaktheriya (Ukumelana okungazelelwe)

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zebhaktheriya kuyashintsha ngokuzenzekelayo, okungukuthi, kuyashintsha . Khona-ke i-antibiotic ayikwazi ukuyibona le bhaktheriya esanda kushintsha futhi ayikwazi ukuyihlasela kahle. Noma, ngenxa yalolo shintsho, amabhaktheriya angalwa nemiphumela yomuthi.

Ukumelana okudluliswayo

Ungadlulisela ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okungamelani nemithi komunye umuntu. Khona-ke lowo muntu uzothola ukutheleleka okungekho mithi elwa namagciwane ezosebenza kukho. Ngokuvamile, ungathola olunye ukwelashwa. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la magciwane angamelana nemithi angaba nzima ukwelapha.

Ubani osengozini enkulu kulokhu?

Noma ubani angaba nezifo ezingamelani nama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, amanye amaqembu asengozini enkulu ngenxa yezimo zawo zempilo noma indawo ahlala kuyo. Abantu abanamathuba amaningi okuthola lezi zifo eziyingozi bahlanganisa:

• Izinsana, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abangenamakhaya noma abahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.
• Abantu abasebenzisa ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside.

Kungani lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu?

Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyinto okufanele sonke sikhathazeke ngayo. Kufana nokususa enqwabeni yemithi esetshenziswa odokotela ukukwelapha uma ugula. Uma amanye amabhaktheriya eba buthakathaka emithini ethile, odokotela kufanele bathole eminye imithi yokukwelapha. Lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi kusithinta kanjani sonke emhlabeni jikelele.

Kuyini ukumelana nama-antibiotic?Kuyinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingathinta wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke ingakuthinta nawe. Kodwa, akubona abantu abamelana nama-antibiotic. Yizinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane eziba njalo.

Isizathu siwukuthi uma sonke sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya aqala ukuzivumelanisa nawo. Cabanga ngale ndlela. Unomngane othanda ukwenza amaphathi angalindelekile. Okokuqala, ukumangaza wena noma omunye umuntu eqenjini lakho kalula. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, uyayiqonda icebo lakhe futhi ngokwemvelo uyazi ukuthi kukhona okumangazayo okuzayo. Bese kudinga umzamo omkhulu - mhlawumbe ngisho nokungenzeki - ukumangaza umngane wakho.

Amabhaktheriya anjalo. Njalo uma "sibamangaza" nge-antibiotic, bayajwayela. Bayakubona kuza, futhi abakuthandi ukumangala. Ngakho-ke, bathola izindlela zokubalekela (okungukuthi, ukumelana nemiphumela ye-antibiotic).

Lokhu akusho ukuthi umzimba wakho usuqala ukumelana nama-antibiotic. Kusho ukuthi amabhaktheriya emhlabeni (angakuthinta ngelinye ilanga) awasakwazi ukumelana nama-antibiotic njengoba ayenjalo ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, odokotela kufanele basebenze kanzima ukuthola ama-antibiotic amasha okwelapha ezinye izifo.

Yimaphi amabhaktheriya abulala kakhulu amelana nama-antibiotic?

Lezi zinhlobo zamabhaktheriya zibangela inani eliphezulu kakhulu lokufa ngenxa yokutheleleka okumelana nama-antibiotic emhlabeni jikelele:

• I-Escherichia coli (E. coli)
• I-Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus - S. aureus)
• I-Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)
• I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)
• I-Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)
• I-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa - P. aeruginosa)

Ziyini lezi "zimbungulu ezinkulu"?

Ama-Superbugs amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, noma amanye amagciwane ajwayele imithi evame ukuwabulala. Aba namandla okumelana nemithi. Awapheli ngisho noma eselashwa, kodwa ayaqhubeka nokwanda futhi abangele ukutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi, awekho ama-antibiotic azosebenza.

Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane eziwela esigabeni sama-superbugs yilezi:

• C. diff (Clostridioides difficile - C. diff)
• I-gonorrhea engamelani nemithi
• I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-Methicillin
• Isifo sofuba se-Mycobacterium esingamelana nemithi eminingi (MDR-TB)
• I-Enterococci engamelani ne-Vancomycin

Sibhekana kanjani nalokhu?

Ukuze kuguqulwe lesi simo emhlabeni wonke, abahlinzeki bezempilo kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo banendima enkulu okufanele bayidlale. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho. Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:

• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka okuhle. Ngokuzivikela ezifweni, ungagwema izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezidinga ama-antibiotic. Uma sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic amaningi njengomphakathi, kulapho singase sibangele khona ukumelana nama-antibiotic amaningi. Ukugeza izandla kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esibalulekile ongasithatha. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza iseluleko esengeziwe.
• Thatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma uwadinga ngempela. Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane zingafana. Ngakho-ke, noma ungawadingi ama-antibiotic, ungase uzizwe sengathi uyawadinga. Uma ugula, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlobo lomuthi oludingayo nokuthi kungani.
• Thola imijovo udokotela wakho ayincomayo. Okwamanje, ayikho imijovo yamagciwane amaningi abangela ukutheleleka okungamelani nama-antibiotic. Okuhlukile okukodwa umjovo we-pneumococcal. Lokhu kukuvikela esifweni se-pneumococcal esibangelwa yi-S. pneumoniae. Lo mjovo ubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Eminye imijovo evikela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, njengomjovo we-influenza (umjovo we-flu), nayo ibalulekile. Ukugwema ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimpawu eziholela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile.

Odokotela bakuphatha kanjani lokhu?

Izinketho zokwelapha zivame ukulinganiselwa. Udokotela wakho uzozama ukuthola i-antibiotic efanele noma inhlanganisela yama-antibiotic okutheleleka kwakho. Isibonelo, ama-carbapenems uhlobo lwe-antibiotic olusebenza kahle ngokumelene namagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic. Udokotela wakho uzokunika i-carbapenem, njenge -meropenem, njengomjovo.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela izindlela zokwelapha, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwazo. Abacwaningi bahlala bezama ukuthola izindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokwelapha amagciwane angamelani namagciwane. Okwamanje, ukulandela iziqondiso zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele kungasiza ekugcineni imithi embalwa esinayo esivikelweni sethu.

Ake sifunde futhi ngezifo zomgudu womchamo ezingamelani namagciwane (UTIs).

Iningi lezifo zomgudu womchamo (ama-UTI) lingelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, i-UTI engamelani nama-antibiotic iwukutheleleka okusemgudwini wakho womchamo, esinyeni, noma ezinso okungaphenduli kuma-antibiotic asetshenziswa njalo.

Izifo eziningi zomgudu womchamo zibangelwa amagciwane e-E. coli . Lezi zifo zivame ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa amagciwane manje aseqala ukumelana kakhulu nale mithi. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-E. coli zikhiqiza ama-enzyme abizwa ngokuthi ama-extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) . Lawa ma-enzyme ayabhidliza futhi abhubhise ama-antibiotic. Lokhu kungenza ukutheleleka kwakho kube kubi kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukukwelapha ngaphandle kokuthi ama-antibiotic asebenze.

Udokotela angase akunike umuthi ojwayelekile wokwelapha ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, engazi ukuthi amagciwane abangela wona ayizinhlobo ezimelana nawo. Ungase uzizwe ungcono kancane ngemva kokuthatha umuthi obulala amagciwane usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuthi obulala amagciwane athile, kodwa amagciwane amelana nawo asekhona. Ngakho-ke, umuthi ngeke ukwelapha ngokuphelele. Uma kuvela ukuthi unegciwane elimelana nawo, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka ashintshe umuthi wakho obulala amagciwane.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-antibiotic asebenza ngisho nasezifweni ze-UTI ezingamelani nama-antibiotic. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yimuphi umuthi okulungele wena. Landela umthamo kanye nobude besikhathi abakunikeza sona. Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Uma ugula, into yokuqala oyicabangayo ukuthi umuthi ongakanani okufanele uwuthathe ukuze ululame ngokushesha. Ngenhlanhla, ama-antibiotic aseyisikhali esinamandla sokulwa nokutheleleka okuningi kwamagciwane. Anganciphisa izimpawu zakho futhi anciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabhaktheriya amaningi athuthukise ukumelana nemithi esisebenze iminyaka eminingi. Lesi kungaba isimo esesabekayo, kodwa ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokumelana nama-antibiotic kungakusiza ukuthi uzivikele wena nabathandekayo bakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuhlala uphilile. Angakunikeza iseluleko esifanelana nezidingo zakho zezempilo.

Ukumelana nama - antibiotic, Ukumelana nama-antibiotic, Amabhaktheriya, Ama-antibiotic, Izifo, Impilo, Ama-Superbugs