Lapho uthola ukuthi une-HIV, kumelwe ukuthi wazizwa ushaqekile kakhulu, wesaba, futhi unesizungu. Kungenzeka ukuthi wazibuza, "Ngenzenjani manje?" Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu. I-HIV yisimo, uma siphathwa kahle, esingaphila naso isikhathi eside, sinempilo, futhi sijwayelekile. Isikhali esinamandla nesibaluleke kakhulu salokhu ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-ART. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngendlela elula ezophendula yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-ART?
I-ART, emele i-Antiretroviral Therapy , iyinhlanganisela yemithi enikezwa ukwelapha igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lenzani emizimbeni yethu.
Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengenqaba eqashwe kahle. Kunamasosha akhethekile avikela le nqaba. Siwabiza ngokuthi amaseli e-CD4 . Lawa maseli ayingxenye eyinhloko yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Lokho okwenziwa yi-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), njengesela, ukungena kule nqaba futhi kubhubhise la masosha okuphepha, okungukuthi, amaseli e-CD4, ngalinye ngalinye. Khona-ke ukuzivikela kwenqaba yethu kuyabuthaka. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izifo kanye nokutheleleka okungavamile ukusenzakalisa kakhulu kungangena kalula emizimbeni yethu futhi kubangele izimo ezibucayi.
Nakhu okwenziwa yi-ART. Nakuba le mithi ingakwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele igciwane le-HIV emzimbeni, iyayivimba igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphindeki emzimbeni, okungukuthi, lenze amakhophi amaningi alo. Bese inani legciwane emzimbeni, esilibiza ngokuthi umthwalo wegciwane , liyancipha kancane kancane. Uma igciwane lilawulwa, umzimba wethu uyakwazi ukwenza amaseli e-CD4 amasha ukuze athathe indawo yamaseli e-CD4 abhujisiwe. Khona-ke amasosha ethu omzimba aphinde abe namandla.
I-ART ivame ukuhilela ukunikeza imithi emibili noma ngaphezulu ndawonye. Ukwelashwa kusebenza kangcono uma kunikezwa inhlanganisela yemithi esebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene, kunokuba kunikezwa umuthi owodwa nje. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi igciwane lingabi namandla okumelana nemithi futhi libe namandla okumelana nayo.
Iyini izinga "elingabonakali"?
Lona umphumela obaluleke kakhulu nomuhle kakhulu wokwelashwa nge-ART. Uma uphuza imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, inani legciwane le-HIV (umthwalo wegciwane egazini) egazini lakho lehla liye ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kangangokuthi alikwazi ngisho nokutholakala ngokuhlolwa. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izinga "elingabonakali" .
Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi usuphulukisiwe ngokuphelele kwi-HIV. Igciwane lingahlala lifihliwe ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba. Uma uyeka ukuthatha imithi, igciwane elifihliwe lingaphinde lisebenze. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi impilo yakho yonke.
Kodwa yiziphi izinzuzo zaleli zinga "elingabonakali"?
- Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha akho omzimba aqinile, ungaphila impilo enempilo nejwayelekile.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Umuntu onegciwane elihlala likhona elithi "Undetectable" akanakudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi. Lo mqondo siwubiza ngokuthi U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) . Lena inkululeko enkulu kuwe nakumlingani wakho.
Ukwelashwa nge-ART kusebenza kanjani?
Igciwane le-HIV lisebenzisa inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukungena kumaseli ethu e-CD4 futhi lenze amakhophi alo. Imithi ye-ART isebenza ngokuphazamisa izinyathelo ezahlukene kule nqubo. Cabanga ngayo njengesigebengu esithatha izinyathelo eziningi ukuze singene endlini, kanti i-ART isebenza ngokusetha izingibe ezahlukene ukuze imise isinyathelo ngasinye.
Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze siqonde ukuthi imithi ye-ART isebenza kanjani.
| Isigaba Sezidakamizwa | Indlela esebenza ngayo ilula. |
|---|---|
| Ama-NRTI (ama-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) | Esikhundleni 'sezitini' igciwane lidinga ukwenza ikhophi yalo yezakhi zofuzo (i-DNA), linikezwa 'izitini mbumbulu' ezingenamsebenzi. Bese ukukhiqizwa kwe-DNA kumisa phakathi nendawo. |
| Ama-NNRTI (Ama-Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) | Esikhundleni sokunikeza 'izitini mbumbulu', bavala 'isisekelo se-mason' (i-enzyme) esenza i-DNA. Ngisho nalapho, umsebenzi uyama. |
| Ama-INSTI (ama-Integrase Inhibitors) | Kuvimbela i-DNA eyenziwe yigciwane ukuthi ihlangane ne-DNA yangempela emaseli ethu, njengoba nje kuvimbela ukufakwa kohlelo lwegciwane. |
| Ama-Protease Inhibitors (ama-PI) | Amakhophi egciwane asanda kwakheka ayahlanganiswa bese 'isikelo' (i-enzyme) esidingekayo ukuze sisebenze siyavalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho amagciwane amasha awakhiwa. |
| Izithibi Zokungena | Kuvimba nje igciwane ukuthi lingangeni kumaseli ethu e-CD4. Kufana nokukhiya umnyango. |
Ngingakhetha kanjani ukwelashwa kwe-ART okufanele mina?
Lesi akusona isinqumo ongasenza wedwa. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha inhlanganisela yemithi engcono kakhulu kuwe. Uzocabangela izici eziningana.
- Umthamo wakho wegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4 uma uqala ukwelashwa.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uke wathatha ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-HIV ngaphambilini (njenge-PrEP noma i-PEP).
- Imiphumela yokuhlola ukuze ubone ukuthi igciwane emzimbeni wakho liyamelana yini nemithi ethile.
- Ukhulelwe noma unethemba lokukhulelwa?
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sezinso, isifo sesibindi, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo) kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
- Ukuthi ungayithatha yini imithi yakho ngesikhathi.
Imithi kanye nemiphumela emibi
Kwabaningi, i-ART inikezwa njengephilisi lansuku zonke. Ngezinye izikhathi, imithi eminingana ihlanganiswa ibe yiphilisi elilodwa. Kulula kakhulu. Futhi manje, lokhu kwelashwa kuyatholakala futhi njengomjovo ongathathwa kanye ngenyanga noma njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili.
Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi emincane lapho beqala lo muthi. Izinto ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ukucasuka esiswini, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqwasha, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. Kodwa esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuzophela ngokuphelele ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa njengoba umzimba usujwayele umuthi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, noma ngabe unemiphumela emibi engabekezeleleki, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho wedwa. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi igciwane lisabalale ngokushesha futhi libe nokumelana nemithi. Lokho kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Angashintsha imithi yakho noma akusize ulawule imiphumela emibi.
Ukuqapha impumelelo yokwelashwa
Ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzoqapha isimo sakho njalo. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubili okuyinhloko.
1. Ukuhlolwa Komthwalo Wegciwane: Hlola inani legciwane emzimbeni.
2. Inani le-CD4: Bona amandla esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
Ngokuvamile, inani legciwane lehla liye ezingeni "elingabonakali" zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-1-6 kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo ziyaqhubeka ngezikhathi ezinqunywe udokotela ukuze kubonakale ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle yini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HIV ayisona isigwebo sokufa. Ngokwelashwa nge-ART, ungaphila impilo enempilo ngokuphelele, evamile, futhi ende.
- Ukwelashwa nge-ART kumele kuthathwe impilo yakho yonke, njengoba nje udokotela ekuyalele, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yilutho olulodwa .
- Uma umthamo wakho wegciwane usezingeni "elingabonakali", awukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi (U=U).
- Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma imiphumela emibi evela emithini, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo ngokwakho.
- Awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, kanye nabangani bakho othembekile bakhona ukukusiza kulolu hambo. Ungathola futhi amandla amakhulu emaqenjini okusekelana.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho