Cabanga ngomama wakho, ubaba wakho, noma othile oseduze kakhulu nawe. Ingabe umuntu owayesebenza kakhulu futhi enesithakazelo kukho konke ngokuzumayo uba matasa futhi angabi nasithakazelo sokwenza noma yini? Ingabe ubuso bakhe abusabonisi imizwa efanayo naleyo yangaphambilini, njengokuhleka, injabulo, noma ukudabuka? Sivame ukukuchitha lokhu njengokuthi "isithukuthezi." Kodwa-ke, kungaba futhi uphawu lwesimo sezokwelapha esibizwa ngokuthi ukunganaki.
Kuyini ngempela ukunganaki?
Kalula nje, odokotela babiza "ukunganaki" ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo kanye nogqozi lokwenza okuthile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu wayeziphatha kanjani ngaphambilini. Kuhlanganisa nezinto ezifana nokungafuni ukuqala noma yini wedwa, ukungabi nentshisekelo kunoma yini, kanye nokungavezi imizwa.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu akusikho ubuvila noma into eyenziwe ngamabomu. Ukunganaki kuyinto umuntu angenakuyilawula, futhi kuvame ukubonakala njengophawu lwesifo esihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa.
Engxoxweni evamile, sisebenzisa igama elithi ukunganaki ukubhekisela kumuntu ongaqondi ukuhlupheka noma imizwa yabanye. Kodwa kwezokwelapha, kuyinto ebanzi kakhulu. Kuyisimo sokulahlekelwa yinoma yisiphi isithakazelo kanye nomuzwa hhayi ngabanye kuphela, kodwa nakuwe uqobo kanye nezinto umuntu ayezithanda. Abanye ochwepheshe bakubheka njengeqoqo lezimpawu, noma 'i-syndrome'.
Ziyini izimpawu zokunganaki?
Uma usola ukuthi othile oseduze nawe angase abe nokungabi nandaba, qaphela lezi zimpawu. Ungase ubone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zalezi ndawonye.
| Uphawu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhoxa emsebenzini, ezintweni zokuzilibazisa, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu | Kancane kancane uyayeka izinto owawuzijabulela, njengomsebenzi, umsebenzi wasekhaya, nokukhuluma nabangani. Kodwa-ke, uma othile ekuphoqa ukuba ujoyine, kungaba ngokukhuluma noma ngokukhuluma, ungase ubonakale ujabule ngaleso sikhathi. |
| Ukungathwali umthwalo wemfanelo ngokungezwani komuntu siqu | Akazizwa edabukile, enesibopho, noma ekhathazekile ngokungazenzi izinto ayezijabulela. Umndeni wakhe kanye nabathandekayo bakhe abaqaphela futhi badabukise kakhulu ngalolu shintsho. |
| Ukuthembela kwabanye ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke | Lokhu akusikho ngoba awukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo. Kungenxa yokuthi awunaso isisusa sangaphakathi sokwenza ngisho nemisebenzi elula njengokuxubha amazinyo noma ukukhokha izikweletu. |
| Ukungakhululeki Kwemizwa | Ikhono lokuveza imizwa emihle nemibi, njengenjabulo, ukudabuka, nentukuthelo, ngokubukeka kobuso nangamazwi, linciphile kakhulu. Kunjengokungathi imizwa isifiphele kangangokuthi ayizizwa nhlobo. |
Ingabe ukunganaki kuyafana nokucindezeleka?
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadideka ngayo. Nakuba ukunganaki kungase kubonakale kufana nokucindezeleka, kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
- Ukucindezeleka kubonakaliswa kakhulu ukudabuka okuqhubekayo, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokukhungatheka ngempilo.
- Ekunganaki, empeleni akukho ukudabuka noma ukukhathazeka okunjalo. Kukhona umuzwa wokungabi nalutho, ongenamizwa nentshisekelo.
Kodwa futhi udinga ukukhumbula lokhu, umuntu angaba nazo zombili lezi zimo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokunganaki?
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukunganaki kubangelwa ukulimala kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho bethu. Ngokukhethekile, izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukwaneliseka kanye nesisusa sokwenza okuthile ziyalimala. Lezi zingxenye yilezi:
- I-lobe yangaphambili (i-lobe yangaphambili)
- Ingxenye esiza ngokucabanga nokulawula ukunyakaza (`i-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex`)
- Ingxenye ebalulekile ekuziphatheni komphakathi (`i-ventral striatum`)
Lezi zingozi zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezithile.
Izimo Zokuwohloka Kwemizwa
Ukunganaki kuvame ukuba uphawu oluyinhloko lwezifo ezinciphisa ubuchopho kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer (AD): Cishe ama-49% eziguli ze-Alzheimer azinandaba.
- Isifo sikaParkinson (PD): Lesi simo singaba khona kubantu abangaba ngu-25% abanesifo sikaParkinson ezigabeni zokuqala, futhi sifike ku-60% njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka.
- Isifo sikaPick:Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-dementia. Ukunganaki kuthinta iphesenti eliphezulu kakhulu lalezi ziguli, kusukela ku-54% kuya ku-96%.
Ezinye izifo nezimo zobuchopho
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
- Izimila ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Ukunganaki kungabangelwa nezinye izifo eziningi, njenge-vascular dementia.
Izimbangela Zengqondo
Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ubhekene nezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu (isib. izinhlekelele zemvelo, impi), ukunganaki kungenzeka njengendlela yokuvikela ingqondo. Lokhu kungaba yingxenye yesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD). Kungabonakala nasezimweni ezifana nokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha ukunganaki?
Akukho ukwelashwa okukhethekile, okukodwa kokungabi nandaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka njengophawu lwesinye isifo (isib. i-Alzheimer's), futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhloswe kulesi sifo esiyisisekelo.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi eminye imithi ingalawula lesi simo ngezinga elithile.
- Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-'donepezil' kanye ne-'galantamine' zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukunganaki ezigulini ze-Alzheimer's.
- Izikhuthazi (Izikhuthazi Zengqondo): Izikhuthazi ezifana ne-methylphenidate (into etholakala ku-Ritalin) ziboniswe zinemiphumela emihle ekunganaki kubantu abanezifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Parkinson's.
- Ama-antidepressant: Imithi yokwelapha ukucindezeleka ingasiza abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi uma nabo benokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zama-antidepressant zingenza ukunganaki kube kubi nakakhulu.
Noma yimiphi yale mithi kufanele isetshenziswe futhi inqunywe udokotela oqeqeshiwe kuphela. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo sothandekayo wakho futhi anqume ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka futhi ngezokwelapha zesimanje ezifana ne-'transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)'.
Singasiza kanjani njengomndeni?
Ngaphezu kokuphatha umuntu ngokunganaki, ukwesekwa komndeni nokuqonda nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Qonda isimo: Okokuqala, qonda ukuthi lokhu akulona iphutha lakhe, futhi akulona ubuvila, kodwa uphawu angeke alulawule.
- Thatha isinyathelo: Njengoba engenaso isifiso sokuqala umsebenzi eyedwa, kufanele uthathe isinyathelo futhi ukhulume naye ngothando futhi umkhuthaze ukuba enze izinto azithandayo (isib. ukuhamba engadini, ukubheka i-albhamu yezithombe endala, ukulalela ingoma).
- Gcina isimiso esiqhubekayo: Gcina usuku lwengane yakho luhambisana ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzoyinika umuzwa wokuhleleka nokuvikeleka.
- Cabanga ngawe futhi: Ukunakekela umuntu ongenandaba kungaba yinto ekhathazayo engqondweni. Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Uma kudingeka, joyina iqembu lokusekela noma ucele iseluleko kudokotela wengqondo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuziphatheni komuntu omthandayo, njengalezo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla (isib. ukungavezi imizwa, ukuphelelwa yisithakazelo), kubaluleke kakhulu ukumkhuthaza ukuba abone udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukunganaki kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo sobuchopho esingathi sína.
Umuntu ongenandaba angase anqikaze ukubona udokotela ngoba engaboni lutho olungalungile ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, khuluma naye ngothando nangokuqonda futhi umtshele ukuthi uzoya naye kudokotela uma kudingeka. Lokho kuzoba yisikhuthazo esikhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukunganaki akusikho ubuvila noma into ehlosiwe. Kuwuphawu lwezokwelapha olungenakulawulwa.
- Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's, kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Ukunganaki nokucindezeleka kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zombili zingaba khona ndawonye.
- Uma othandekayo wakho enalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akuxilonge futhi akunike ukwelashwa.
- Ukuqonda, uthando, kanye nokusekelwa kwamalungu omndeni kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu obhekene nalesi simo.
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