Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi enhliziyweni yakho, ebuchosheni, nasemalungeni njengemigwaqo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le migwaqo ivalwa ngamafutha anjenge -cholesterol , okunganciphisa imithambo yegazi ngaphakathi, njengokuvalela umgwaqo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Lapho imithambo yegazi ivalwa kanje, kuvela izimo ezibucayi njengobuhlungu besifuba , ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo , kanye nesifo sohlangothi . Ngakho-ke, i-angioplasty iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha ukuvula kabusha imithambo yegazi evalekile nokubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi .
Iyini ngempela i-Angioplasty?
Kalula nje, i-angioplasty inqubo ehilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane ( i-catheter ) emthanjeni ovalekile ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, nokuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngokukhululeka. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukufutha ibhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwethubhu endaweni lapho kuvimbeke khona. Lokhu kusunduza i-plaque (ama-fatty deposits) odongeni lwe-artery, kuvuleke umthambo kabanzi futhi.
Lena inqubo engeyiningi kangako uma iqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okukhulu njengokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Ngakho-ke, izingozi ziphansi futhi isikhathi sokululama sifushane. Impilo yenhliziyo yethu nemithambo yegazi ibalulekile empilweni yomzimba wethu wonke. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo nezindlela ze-angioplasty?
Odokotela basebenzisa amagama ahlukene kule nqubo kuye ngokuthi umthambo wegazi welashwa kanjani. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Coronary Artery Angioplasty: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha imithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo. Elinye igama lalokhu kwelashwa yi-`(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention – PCI)`.
- I-Peripheral Artery Angioplasty: Lokhu kubhekisela ekwelapheni imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, njengezingalo nemilenze.
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza lokhu kwelashwa:
- I-Angioplasty Yebhaluni:Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umthambo uyandiswa ngokufutha ibhaluni elincane.
- I-Angioplasty ene-Stent: Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuba umthambo usunwetshiwe ngebhaluni, ithubhu elincane eline-mesh (elibizwa ngokuthi i-stent ) lifakwa unomphela emthambo ukuze lihlale livulekile. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi umthambo uphinde unciphe.
- I-Excimer Laser Angioplasty: Esikhundleni sebhaluni, kusetshenziswa umsebe we-laser ukuncibilikisa nokususa i-fatty plaque emthanjeni. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayisetshenziswa kaningi kunendlela yebhaluni.
Kunini lapho kudingeka khona i-angioplasty?
Ngezansi kunezinye zezimo lapho ungadinga khona i-angioplasty. Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, udokotela wakho angancoma lokhu kwelashwa.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo senhliziyo | Lokhu kwenziwa njengokwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo enhliziyweni ngesikhathi noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. |
| Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo (CAD) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba. Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu se-angioplasty. |
| Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasesinqeni. Uma kungelashwa, kungabangela ubuhlungu, izilonda, kanye nokufa kwezicubu (i-gangrene) emilenzeni. |
| Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid | Ukuvaleka komthambo oyinhloko entanyeni ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. |
| Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli | Uma imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezinso ivalekile, ukusebenza kwezinso kungaphazamiseka. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-angioplasty yale mithambo ingathuthukisa isimo. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kwelashwa, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okubizwa ngokuthi i-angiogram ukuthola ukuthi umthambo wegazi uvalekile kuphi nokuthi unzima kangakanani.
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokwelashwa?
Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi ungakulungiselela kanjani lokhu. Ngokuvamile, kuzodingeka unake lezi zinto:
- Uzocelwa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze (uzile ukudla) cishe amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Kulungile ukuphuza amanzi amancane.
- Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa ukugabha kwegazi . Angase akucele ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nedayi yokuhlukanisa imibala noma imithi yokubulala izinzwa esetshenziswa kuma-X-ray adlule.
- Kufanele futhi ubazise uma ukhulelwe .
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukushayela ngosuku lokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, uma uya ekhaya ngalolo suku, kuzodingeka uhlele ukuthi othile akushayele . Kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela ubusuku bonke.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Lezi yizinyathelo ezivame ukwenzeka:
1. Uzonikezwa ingubo yasesibhedlela ozoyigqoka futhi uzolaliswa etafuleni elikhethekile.
2. Uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa ngomugqa we-IV ozokufaka ebuthongweni obuncane, kodwa uzobe uphapheme ngokwanele ukulandela imiyalelo.
3. Phakathi nokwelashwa, imishini iqapha izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo.
4. Indawo lapho kufakwa khona i-catheter (ngokuvamile i-groin noma ingalo) ivalwe umlomo nge -anesthesia yendawo . Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile kancane.
5. Udokotela ufaka umthambo wegazi ngenaliti bese efaka ipayipi (umgoqo) ngawo.
6. Ngemuva kwalokho, ucingo kanye ne-catheter kudluliswa ngaleli payipi kuye emthanjeni wegazi oqondiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, umshini we-X-ray (i-fluoroscopy) ujikeleza nxazonke zakho, usiza udokotela ukubona indlela yepayipi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
7. Uma sekufinyelelwe ekuvinjweni, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile (idayi yokungafani) ngepayipi. I-X-ray izokhombisa igazi ligeleza ngemithambo ngokucacile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungase uzizwe ufudumele noma uzizwe sengathi udinga ukuchama imizuzwana embalwa.Ungafika. Kujwayelekile lokho.
8. Uma indawo eqondile yokuvaleka isitholakele, ucingo oluncane ludluliselwa kulo, bese kudluliswa i-catheter enepayipi phezulu kulo.
9. Ngemuva kwalokho ibhaluni lizovuvukala imizuzwana embalwa . Kungase kudingeke ukwenze lokhu izikhathi eziningana.
10. Sizophinde sithathe i-X-ray ukuze sibone ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi kuthuthuke kangakanani.
11. Ngokuvamile, i-stent, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ifakwa kuleyo ndawo . Le stent isiza ukugcina umthambo uvulekile ngisho nangemva kokuba ibhaluni selisusiwe.
Uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, udokotela uzosusa i-catheter, afake ibhandishi endaweni yokufaka, bese eyibamba isikhashana ukuze amise ukopha. Uma i-catheter ifakwe nge-groin, kuzodingeka ulale embhedeni amahora ambalwa.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, i-angioplasty inezingozi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile . Kuwukuhlakanipha ikakhulukazi ukwenza le nqubo esikhungweni esinomthamo omkhulu nodokotela abanolwazi abenza le nqubo njalo.
Izingozi ezingaba khona:
- Ukopha, ubuhlungu, noma ukutheleleka endaweni yokufaka i-catheter.
- Ukungezwani nodayi noma umuthi wokubulala izinzwa osetshenzisiwe.
- Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi noma izinso.
- Ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia).
- Uma i-stent ingafakwanga, umthambo uzophinde uvaleke.
- Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, labo abanesifo sezinso, noma labo abanokuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi eminingi bangase babe nethuba eliphakeme kancane lokuthola izinkinga.
Isikhathi sokululama kanye nesikhathi sokubonana nodokotela
Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela amahora ambalwa noma ubusuku bonke ngemva kokwelashwa. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane uma uya ekhaya. Phumula ngokwanele futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi . Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi ugweme umsebenzi onzima izinsuku ezimbalwa. Inxeba lapho kufakwe khona i-catheter lingase libe libi kancane futhi lithambile cishe isonto lonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ngemva kokwelashwa, uzonikezwa umuthi wokunciphisa igazi, njenge-aspirin. Kubalulekile ukuthatha lo muthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshela, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umthamo owodwa . Uma uzizwa sengathi udinga ukuyeka ukuwuthatha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo.
Kufanele ukwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini bese ushayela cishe ngesonto. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lokwelashwa okutholile. Buza udokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:
- Uma indawo yokufaka i-catheter iyopha noma ibonakala inegciwane (ibomvu, ivuvukile, igcwele ubomvu).
- Uma umbala walowo mlenze ushintsha .
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukushisa kuleyo ndawo.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Angioplasty iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi eyenziwa kabanzi ekhulisa imithambo yegazi evalekile futhi ibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi.
- Ngokuvamile, phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa, kufakwa i-stent emthanjeni ukuze ivinjwe ukuthi ingaphinde ivaleke.
- Njengoba lokhu kungeyona indlela enkulu yokuhlinzwa, izingozi ziphansi futhi ukululama kuyashesha.
- Ngemva kokwelashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa imithi.
- Uma unemibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile. Ukhona ukuzokusiza.
I-Angioplasty, isifo senhliziyo, i-stent, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, i-cholesterol
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