Ngaleso sikhathi esihle lapho ingane yakho ifika kuleli zwe, odokotela nabahlengikazi bakhuluma nawe ngokuzumayo, "Iyini i-Apgar score?" Ungase uzibuze, "Isho ukuthini le Apgar? Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle ngomntwana wami?" Ungesabi. Lena indlela elula kakhulu futhi ebalulekile esetshenziswa ukuhlola ngokushesha impilo yomntwana ngokushesha nje lapho ezalwa. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-Apgar score.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Apgar Score?
Cabanga nge-Apgar score 'njengesithombe' sesimo somntwana ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi baqonde ngokushesha ukuthi umntwana ujwayelana kahle kangakanani nezwe langaphandle kusukela endaweni esibelethweni. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi umntwana udinga usizo olwengeziwe, okungukuthi, ukwesekwa okuncane.
Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule lapha.
Isilinganiso se-Apgar asikwazi ukubikezela ikusasa lomntwana wakho. Asikwazi ukubikezela lutho ngokuhlakanipha komntwana, ukuthi uzokhula kanjani njengoba ekhula, noma impilo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. Kumane nje kuyindlela yokulinganisa isimo somntwana lapho ezalwa.
Futhi, odokotela abasebenzisi i-Apgar score kuphela ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa umntwana aludingayo. Yithuluzi elilodwa nje abalisebenzisayo.
Isilinganiso se-Apgar sinikezwa kanjani? Ake sibheke la maqiniso amahlanu
Uma kunqunywa isikolo se-Apgar, kunezici ezinhlanu eziyinhloko okufanele uzicabangele. Ngayinye yalezi zici inganikwa isikolo esingu-0, 1, noma 2. Okokugcina, wonke la maphuzu ahlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kubalwe isikolo se-Apgar esiphelele. Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezo zici ezi-5?
| Isici okufanele sihlolwe | Ukuthola amaphuzu kanye nencazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukubukeka (umbala wesikhumba) | Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola umbono wezinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lomntwana.
|
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo) | Lokhu kulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane.
|
| I-Grimace (impendulo ye-reflex) | Ingane ibonakala isabela ezintweni ezingaphandle (isib., ngokufaka inani elincane lokumunca ekhaleni noma emlonyeni).
|
| Umsebenzi (umsebenzi wemisipha) | Sihlola ukuthi umntwana uhamba kahle kangakanani.
|
| Ukuphefumula (ukuphefumula) | Sihlola ukuthi umntwana uphefumula kahle kangakanani.
|
Uwahlanganisa kanjani amaphuzu bese uwaqonda?
Uma amaphuzu azo zonke izici ezinhlanu ehlanganiswa ndawonye, amaphuzu aphelele angasukela ku-0 kuya ku-10. Odokotela bahlola leli maphuzu okungenani kabili.
1. Umzuzu owodwa ngemva kokuzalwa.
2. Imizuzu emi-5 ngemva kokuzalwa.
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlukaniswa kanje:
- Amaphuzu 7 kuya ku-10: Ingane iphilile kahle. (Kuyaqinisekisa)
- Amaphuzu 4 kuya ku-6: Ingane ingadinga ukwesekwa. (Okungajwayelekile)
- Isilinganiso 0 kuya ku-3: Ingane idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. (Ephansi)
Uma amaphuzu engane emizuzu emi-5 engaphansi kuka-7, odokotela bazohlola la maphuzu njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 imizuzu engama-20.
Kuthiwani uma isikhumba somntwana simnyama?
Omunye umkhawulo wohlelo lokulinganisa i-Apgar ukuthi lubheka umbala wesikhumba. Lunikeza amaphuzu aphezulu ku-pink, okungaba yinto engalungile ngezinye izikhathi ezinganeni ezinesikhumba esimnyama. Ngakho-ke, odokotela abanolwazi babheka umbala wezindebe, ulimi, nezinsini kunombala wesikhumba somntwana. Umbala walezo zindawo unganikeza umbono ongcono wamazinga omoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
Iyini isilinganiso se-Apgar esijwayelekile?
Isilinganiso se-Apgar esingu-7 noma ngaphezulu sihle kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki uma ingane yakho ingatholi isilinganiso esiphelele esingu-10 kwabayi-10. Ngisho nezingane eziphile kahle kakhulu azivamile ukuthola isilinganiso esiphelele esingu-10. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi kwengane kubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto evamile ukuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane ezithweni (lapho isilinganiso siphansi ngephuzu elilodwa)
Kwenzekani uma isilinganiso se-Apgar somntwana siphansi? Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke?
Cha, ungakhathazeki. Isilinganiso se-Apgar esingaphansi kuka-7 sisho ukuthi ingane idinga usizo oluncane lokujwayela leli zwe elisha. Lokho kusho ukuthi ithimba lezokwelapha lizonikeza ingane ukwesekwa elikudingayo ngokushesha. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezinikezwa ingane ngaleso sikhathi:
- Umoya-mpilo owengeziwe: Umoya-mpilo unikezwa ingane ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula.
- Ukufakwa kwepayipi lokuphefumula: Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukufaka ipayipi elincane ukuze kugcinwe indlela yokuphefumula yomntwana ivulekile.
- Ukucindezelwa kwesifuba: Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kubuthakathaka, hlikihla isifuba kancane ukuze usivuselele.
- Imithi efana ne-epinephrine: Uma kudingeka, kunikezwa imithi yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Umoya wokuphefumula ngomshini: Uma ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula yodwa, inganikezwa umoya wokuphefumula ngomshini, njengomoya wokuphefumula oqondile (PPV) noma umfutho womoya wokuphefumula oqhubekayo (NCPAP) wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Apgar score ephansi?
Ngokuvamile, i-Apgar score ephansi yenzeka lapho umntwana enenkinga yokujwayela impilo engaphandle kwesibeletho. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:
- Ukuzalwa komntwana ngokuhlinzwa (C-section).
- Ukubeletha kunzima noma kuthatha isikhathi eside.
- Uketshezi (okufana nobomvu) lunamathele endleleni yokuphefumula yomntwana.
- Ukuba nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa okuyingozi kakhulu).
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi kuyiphutha lakho uma kwenzeka into efana nale. Ukukhulelwa nokubeletha ngokuvamile kuyizinto okungekho muntu kithi ongazilawula.
Ubani owasungula indlela ye-Apgar?
Lolu hlelo lokuthola amaphuzu lwaqala ukwethulwa ngo-1952 ngudokotela wezinzwa ogama lakhe linguDkt. Virginia Apgar. Ngokumangalisayo, lapho ethula lolu hlelo, akazange asebenzise izinhlamvu zamagama akhe. Kamuva, ngo-1962, abanye odokotela bezingane ababili baqamba igama elithi APGAR ukuze kube lula ukukhumbula la maphuzu amahlanu.
Okokugcina, kuyinto evamile ukukhathazeka ngesilinganiso se-Apgar sengane yakho. Kodwa khumbula, kuyithuluzi nje lokusiza odokotela baqonde isimo sengane yakho ngaleso sikhathi. Akunqumi ikusasa lengane yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilinganiso sini, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizonikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwengane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Apgar Score iyindlela esheshayo yokukala impilo yengane ngesikhathi izalwa, hhayi ukubikezela ikusasa.
- Amamaki aphansi asho ukuthi umntwana udinga usizo nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe ngaleso sikhathi.
- Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi ingane enempilo ingatholi amaphuzu ayi-10 kwangu-10. Ungakhathazeki ngakho.
- Uma isilinganiso se-Apgar somntwana siphansi, akulona iphutha likamama. Kunezinto eziningi ezingayithinta esingenakuzilawula.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho.
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